URostov-on-Don akakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngomlando osukela emuva eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane. Iminyaka engaba ngu-250, indawo enesizotha isiphenduke idolobha elichumayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, idolobha likwazile ukusinda ekubhujisweni okuyinhlekelele okwabangelwa abahlaseli bamaNazi, futhi lazalwa kabusha ngobuhle kakhulu kunakuqala. IRostov-on-Don nayo yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yama-1990s, eyayiyinhlekelele emadolobheni amaningi aseRussia. IMusical Theatre kanye neDon Library kwavulwa kuleli dolobha, kwavuselelwa izindawo eziningi zamagugu amasiko, kwakhiwa izindawo zokudla eqhweni, amahhotela nezinye izikhungo zamasiko nokungcebeleka. Idolobha lithole umfutho omusha wentuthuko ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa iNdebe yoMhlaba. Manje Rostov-on-Don kufanele kubhekwe inhlokodolobha eningizimu yeRussia. Idolobha lihlanganisa amandla wesimanjemanje nokuhlonipha amasiko omlando.
1. I-Rostov-on-Don yasungulwa ngo-1749 njengeposi lamasiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungekho mngcele wamasiko ngomqondo wamanje wegama endaweni yepheshana elithi "Bogaty well", lapho u-Empress Elizabeth wayala khona ukuhlela amasiko, kwakungekho. Kwakukhona nje indawo elula yokuhlola nokuqoqa izinkokhelo ezivela ezindleleni eziya eTurkey nasemuva.
2. Ibhizinisi lokuqala lezimboni eRostov kwakuyimboni yezitini. Yakhiwa ngenhloso yokuthola isitini sokwakha inqaba.
3. Inqaba iRostov yayinamandla kakhulu phakathi kwezinqaba eziseningizimu yeRussia, kodwa abavikeli bayo kwakungadingeki badubule kanye - imingcele yoMbuso WaseRussia yathuthela kude eningizimu.
4. Igama elithi "Rostov" lavunywa yisinqumo esikhethekile sika-Alexander I ngo-1806. URostov wathola isikhundla sedolobha lesifunda ngo-1811. Ngo-1887, ngemuva kokudluliselwa kwesifunda esifundeni saseDon Cossack, idolobha laba yisikhungo sesifunda. Ngo-1928 uRostov wahlanganiswa noNakhichevan-on-Don, kwathi ngo-1937 kwasungulwa iSifunda saseRostov.
5. Njengoba aqhamuka njengomuzi wabathengisi, iRostov ngokushesha yaba isikhungo sezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlokodolobha yamazwe angaphandle ibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni idolobha, izintshisekelo zalo ezivikelwe ngamanxusa ezifundazwe eziyi-17.
6. Isibhedlela sokuqala edolobheni savela ngo-1856. Ngaphambi kwalokho, kwakusebenza isibhedlela esincane samasosha kuphela.
7. Ukuvela kweyunivesithi eRostov nakho kuxhumene ngokungaqondile nesibhedlela. Udokotela omkhulu wesibhedlela, uNikolai Pariysky, wahlukumeza iziphathimandla ngezimfuno zokuvula okungenani uphiko lwezokwelapha eRostov waze wanxenxa nabantu bendawo ukuba baqoqe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezimbili kulomsebenzi. Nokho, uhulumeni njalo wenqaba Rostovites. Kuphela ngemuva kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, iWarsaw University yathunyelwa eRostov, kwathi ngo-1915 kwavela isikhungo sokuqala semfundo ephakeme edolobheni.
8. E-Rostov-on-Don, ngo-Agasti 3, 1929, ukushintshana ngocingo kokuqala okuzenzakalelayo eRussia kwaqala ukusebenza (inethiwekhi yocingo uqobo lwavela emuva ngo-1886). Isiteshi sakhiwa "ngesiqiwi" - babalelwa ku-3 500 ababhalisile ababenezingcingo edolobheni, futhi amandla esiteshi ayengu-6,000.
9. Kwakunebhuloho eliyingqayizivele leVoroshilovsky edolobheni, izingxenye zalo ezazixhunywe ngeglue. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2010, yaqala ukonakala, futhi kwakhiwa ibhuloho elisha leNdebe Yomhlaba, elathola igama elifanayo.
10. Ungabhala indaba egcwele ngokugcwele ngomlando wokwakhiwa kohlelo lokuphakelwa kwamanzi eRostov. Le ndaba yadonsa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 futhi yaphela ngo-1865. Idolobha libuye libe nomnyuziyamu wokuphakelwa kwamanzi kanye nesikhumbuzo sokuphakelwa kwamanzi.
11. Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, amaJalimane ahlala eRostov-on-Don kabili. Umsebenzi wesibili wedolobha wawushesha kakhulu kangangokuba inani elikhulu lezakhamizi alikwazanga ukuphuma. Ngenxa yalokho, amaNazi adubula iziboshwa zempi ezingaba ngu-30 000 eZmiyovskaya Balka.
12. UMikhail Sholokhov noKonstantin Paustovsky babengabahleli bephephandaba iRostov iDon.
13. I-Academic Drama Theatre, manje eseqanjwe ngo-A.Gorky, yasungulwa ngo-1863. Ngo-1930 kuya ku-1935 kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha seshashalazi, esenziwe isitayela sogandaganda. Ama-fascist ahlehlayo aqhumisa isakhiwo semidlalo yaseshashalazini, njengezakhiwo eziningi ezibalulekile eRostov-on-Don. Theatre yabuyiselwa kuphela ngo-1963. I-Museum of the History of Architecture eLondon ifaka imodeli yayo - isakhiwo semidlalo yaseshashalazini saziwa njengobuciko bokwakha.
Itiyetha Yezemfundo Yezemfundo. A. M. Gorky
14. Ngo-1999, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha seMusical Theatre eRostov-on-Don, esime njengopiyano olukhulu olunesivalo esivulekile. Ngo-2008, okokuqala eRussia ukusakazwa kwewebhu kwe-premiere yaseshashalazini kwenzeka ehholo lezemidlalo - "uCarmen" nguGeorges Bizet wakhonjiswa.
Isakhiwo semidlalo yaseshashalazini
15. IRostov ibizwa ngokuthi itheku lezilwandle ezinhlanu, yize ulwandle oluseduze lungamakhilomitha angama-46 ukusuka kulo. IDon kanye nohlelo lwemisele luxhumanisa idolobha nezilwandle.
16. Iqembu lebhola lezinyawo "iRostov" lithathe indawo yesibili kwiChampionship yaseRussia futhi labamba iqhaza kwiChampions League nase-Europa League.
Ngo-Okthoba 5, 2011, ngomyalelo weSinodi Engcwele, iDon Metropolia yakhiwa nesikhungo sayo eRostov. Kusukela yasungulwa, iMetropolitan yiMercury.
18. Ngaphezu komnyuziyamu wendabuko wezindawo zasekhaya (ovulwe ngo-1937) kanye neMnyuziyamu Yezobuciko (1938), iRostov-on-Don inamamnyuziyamu omlando wokuphisa, osomkhathi, umlando wezinhlaka zokuphoqelela umthetho nobuchwepheshe besitimela.
19. UVasya Oblomov uya eMagadan esuka eRostov-on-Don. Futhi abadabuka kuleli dolobha ngu-Irina Allegrova, uDmitry Dibrov noBasta.
20. I-Modern Rostov-on-Don enabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,130 ngokweqile kungaba idolobha lesithathu ngobukhulu eRussia ngemuva kweMoscow neSt. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingekile kuphela ukwenza ngokusemthethweni ukuhlangana kwayo kwangempela ne-Aksai neBataisk.
