Wabulala onogada abasebenza ngokuzimela, ababelengise inkemba yamaDamocles phezu kwamakhosi aseRussia amashumi eminyaka. Ukuphathwa komphakathi okuthuthukisiwe. Izimali zomphakathi ezenzelwe kahle. Wenze umsebenzi omningi ngokulungiselela ukuqedwa kweserfdom. Ngenze igceke lakhuluma isiRashiya. Wayengumyeni nobaba oyisibonelo. Wakha ujantshi wokuqala eRussia.
Ngehlazo ilahlekelwe yimpi yaseCrimea. Uvale indlela eya emfundweni yabantu abavela kubantu abavamile. Wayevimba imibono emisha ngazo zonke izindlela. Wakha iqembu lesithathu, eligubuzele izwe lonke ngezintambo zezimpimpi. Uhole inqubomgomo enzima yangaphandle. Wasebenzisa ezempi konke okwakungase kwenzeke. Wachitha iPoland, eyayilwela inkululeko.
Lokhu akukhona ukuqhathaniswa kwabantu ababili bomlando. Lokhu kumayelana noMbusi waseRussia uNicholas I (1796 - 1855, owabusa kusukela ngo-1825). Akekho owayengabikezela ukubonakala kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi. Noma kunjalo, uNicholas I wabusa uMbuso WaseRussia ngabane abaqinile, evimbela izinxushunxushu zenhlalo, eqinisa amandla ombuso futhi enyusa insimu yombuso. Indida - ubufakazi bokusebenza kokubusa kukaNikolai kwaba ukufa kwakhe. Ushonele embhedeni wakhe, wahambisa amandla endodaneni yakhe, futhi akekho noyedwa owaba nesibindi sokuphonsela inselelo leli fa. Kude nabo bonke ohulumeni abazimele bodwa baseRussia bakwenzile lokhu.
1. UNikolai Pavlovich omncane wayenakekelwa yibo bonke abasebenzi bezinceku. Kwakunezitokofela eziyi-8 nama-lackeys, izintombi ezi-4, ama-valets ama-2 kanye ne-chamber-lackey, izintokazi ezi-2 “zasebusuku” ezisemsebenzini, i-bonn, umhlengikazi, umzanyana kanye nothisha osezingeni eliphezulu. Ingane yagoqelwa esigodlweni ngekalishi eligxiviziwe. Njengoba ukunyakaza kwabantu abathweswe imiqhele kwaqoshwa kumagazini okhethekile, kulula ukuthola ukuthi uMbusi uPaul I, noma uMama Maria Feodorovna abazange bathande uNicholas ngokunaka kwabo. Umama wayevame ukuya enganeni isigamu sehora, noma ngisho nangaphansi, ngaphambi kokudla kwakusihlwa (kwaphakwa ngo-21: 00). Ubaba uncamela ukubona izingane ngesikhathi sendlu yangasese yasekuseni, futhi enikeza izingane isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Ugogo uCatherine I Nganginomusa omkhulu ezinganeni, kepha washona lapho umbusi wangakusasa wayengekho ngisho nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Akumangalisi ukuthi umuntu osondelene kakhulu noNicholas kwakungumzanyana waseScotland. Njengoba esevele waba ngumbusi, uNikolai nomndeni wakhe kwesinye isikhathi babemiswa itiye nguCharlotte Lieven. Ngobusuku bokubulawa kukayise (ngokusho kwenguqulo esemthethweni, uPaul I wabulawa yisifo sohlangothi esingaqediwe ngoMashi 12, 1801) UNicholas akazange akhumbule, kuphela ukukhunjulwa kokugcotshwa komfowabo u-Alexander.
2. Ngenkathi uNikolai eneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, onesi namantombazane baphela. UGeneral Count Matvey Lamsdorf waba nguthisha omkhulu weGrand Duke. Umgomo omkhulu kaLamsdorf wokufundisa wawuthi "Bamba ungangeni." Wayehlala njalo edala ukwenqatshelwa kukaNicholas, ngenxa yokwephula lapho uMbusi Omkhulu eshaywa nababusi, izinduku, izinduku kanye nama-ramrods (maye, "ungathinta isikhulu segazi lasebukhosini kuphela ukunquma ikhanda lakhe", lokhu akusikho okwethu). Umama wayengekho ngokumelene nalo, umfowabo omdala, uMbusi u-Alexander I, akazange abone ukukhanya noma umfowabo omncane ngemuva kwezinguquko zenkululeko (babengakaze babonane iminyaka emithathu). Impendulo yalo mfana iqinisekise uLamsdorf - kufanele siqhubeke nokushaya izingcezu zeGrand Duke, ngoba akafaneleki, akananqondo, uyaphapha futhi uyavilapha. Wonke lo mzabalazo awuvimbanga uNikolai ekubeni ngujenene eneminyaka engu-12 - waba unogada wamahhashi aneminyaka engu-3 (umholo wakhe wawungu-ruble ayi-1 000).
3. Umama nomfowethu omdala abamvumelanga ujenene osemusha ukuthi aye eMpini Yezwe ka-1812, kodwa uNikolai nomfowabo uMikhail babamba iqhaza emkhankasweni waseYurophu. Ngisho nakabili - abazalwane bayalile imibuso embukisweni onesizotha ngemuva "kwezinsuku eziyikhulu zikaNapoleon." Kusukela emkhankasweni wokuqala, uNikolai waletha indebe ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakhe - inhliziyo kaPrincess Frederica-Louise-Charlotte Wilhelmina, owaba ngumkakhe ngo-1817, kwathi kamuva waba yindlovukazi yaseRussia nomama wezingane eziyi-8.
4. Umshado noCharlotte waba ngoJulayi 1, 1817, ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa. NgoJuni 24, uCharlotte wabhapathizwa ku-Orthodox ngaphansi kwegama elithi Alexandra Feodorovna. Imanifesto, ebhalwe ngumbhali wezempi nowayesebenza okwesikhashana u-Alexander Shishkov (ngakho-ke, owalwa noNikolai Karamzin ngenxa yamagama athi "imboni" kanye "nomgwaqo wendlela") wafundelwa uqobo nguMbusi u-Alexander I. Sikweleta uCharlotte-Alexandra Fedorovna isihlahla sonyaka omusha - nguyena owafaka lo mkhuba ukuhlobisa isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza ngoKhisimusi.
5. Cishe izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-9 ngemuva komshado, u-Alexandra wazala indodana, eyayimiselwe ukuba yi-Emperor Alexander I I. Izibulo, lingazi, labeka umthwalo onzima kubazali balo. Ngonyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe, omalume, ababemelwe ngumbusi ongenazingane noConstantine oyisiphukuphuku, beza edilini lomndeni futhi batshela uNikolai no-Alexandra ukuthi, ngenxa yokuthambekela kwabo kanye nokungabikho kwamadodana, uNikolai kuzofanele amukele umqhele wobukhosi waseRussia. Ukuqinisekisa intsha, u-Alexander I wathi mhlawumbe ngeke asishiye isihlalo sobukhosi kusasa, kodwa "lapho ezwa ngalesi sikhathi".
6. Okuyinhlekelele emibonweni yabantu besikhathi sakhe nezazi-mlando mayelana nombusi wakusasa kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi uNicholas, ngenkathi eseyiGrand Duke, wayefuna ukuthi izikhulu zisebenze. Kusukela ngesikhathi sikaPeter III, amasosha ezikhululekile athole ubukhulu obungakaze bube khona. IGrand Duke yenza ukucindezelwa okwesabekayo: izikhulu zayalwa ukuba zivele emibusweni kuphela ngemifaniswano. Ukubukeka kwezingubo zomphakathi bekungafakwanga (amanye amasosha eza ekuhlolweni ngejazi langaphansi - phela, akufanele ayoshintsha ngaphambi kokudla kwakusihlwa).
7. UNikolay wagcina idayari eyayithe chithi saka, lapho umuntu angafunda khona ukuthi wahlangana mathupha nohlelo lokuthwala imicamelo kanye nezinto ezifanayo eziya emapikithini asensimini. Isijeziso esiqine kakhulu sokuboshwa kwesulwa ngokushesha ngokushintshwa kwamasosha ayishumi sathathwa ngamaphoyisa ngodlame olukhulu. UMkhulu uMbusi uqobo wabhala ukuthi bebengamqondi futhi bengafuni nokuqonda, kanti "nokuziphatha okuxekethile kwezempi" bekuholwa yingxenye engabalulekile "yezikhulumi ezivilaphayo." Ukubeka ukuhleleka emikhakheni emibili kuphela (uNikolai wayala imibuso ye-Izmailovsky neJagersgers) kwakudinga imizamo ebalulekile.
8. Ukuvukela kwabakwaDecembrists kanye nokubekwa kukaNicholas esihlalweni sobukhosi kungezinye zezimo ebeziphikisana kakhulu emlandweni waseRussia. Imigqa enamachashazi ikhombisa ingqophamlando elandelayo. UNicholas wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi ngokusemthethweni - u-Alexander I washona, ukuthunjwa kukaConstantine kwabhalwa. Uzungu kade lwavuthwa phakathi kwezikhulu ezisezingeni eliphakathi - abanumzane babefuna inkululeko. Abantu abahlakaniphile ebuholini obuphezulu babazi kahle ngalolu zungu - umphathi ofanayo waseSt. Petersburg, uCount Miloradovich, owabulawa eSenate Square, wayehlale enezinhlu "zobuzalwane" ephaketheni lakhe. Okwamanje, abantu abahlakaniphile baqala, ngenxa yokungazi, ukuhola amasosha kanye nezakhamizi ezifungweni zikaConstantine. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kwakufanele afunge ukwethembeka kuNikolai. Ukuvutshelwa kwaqala, abakhi bozungu banquma ukuthi isikhathi sabo sesifikile. Futhi washaya impela - ngesikhathi esithile ngoDisemba 14, 1825, kuphela ibutho lonjiniyela beLife Guards elamisa isixuku samasosha phambi komnyango we-Winter Palace, lapho kwakukhona umndeni wenkosi entsha. Amatshe nezinduku zaphonswa kuNicholas nasenduneni yakhe, futhi wadlulela eSenate enabahambeli abambalwa kuphela. U-Emperor wasindiswa ngokuzimisela kwakhe - enkabeni yenhloko-dolobha, akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukudubula izinganono ngezinganono emasosheni abo. Ukungezwani kwalabo “ababephikisana non-systemic” ngaleso sikhathi nako kwasiza. Ngenkathi abakwaDecembrists bethola ukuthi ngubani kubacindezeli abacashe lapho, amasosha kahulumeni avalela amavukelambuso, kwathi kusihlwa kwase kuphelile.
9. Ngobusuku bukaDisemba 14, 1825, uNicholas I waba ngumuntu ohluke ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwaphawulwa yiwo wonke umuntu - umkakhe nonina, nalabo abasondelene naye. U-Emperor wabuyela esigodlweni evela eSenate Square. Waziphatha ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi kuphenywa uzungu nokuvukelwa kukaDecembrists. Futhi kwakudingeka abekezelele okungaphansi kwesikwele, lapho ukusondela ngokoqobo kwawo wonke amaqembu amasha kungasho ukunqoba noma ukufa. Manje umbusi wayeselazi inani lokwethembeka nokukhaphela. Baningi kakhulu ababebandakanyekile noma abazi ngalolu zungu. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukujezisa wonke umuntu, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthethelela. Ukuyekethisa - amadoda alengisiwe ama-5, umsebenzi onzima, ukudingiswa, njll - akwanelisanga muntu. Abakhululekile bakhala ngamachaphaza egazi emlandweni waseRussia, labo abathobela umthetho badideka - sekuphele iminyaka engama-30 kuphela labo bazungu ababulala ubaba wabo, kanti neTsar ikhombisa ubumnene obunjalo. Konke lokhu kukhononda nokudideka kwakulele emahlombe kaNicholas I - bamncenga, bamncenga, bamcela ...
10. UNicholas I wehlukaniswa ngokukhuthala okukhulu. Kakade ngehora lesishiyagalombili waqala ukuthola izikhonzi. Kwabiwa ihora nesigamu ngalokhu, kwalandelwa umsebenzi ngemibiko ebhalwe egameni eliphakeme kakhulu. Umbusi wayenomthetho - impendulo yombhalo ongenayo kufanele ifike ngosuku olufanayo. Kuyacaca ukuthi bekungeke kwenzeke ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhambisana nayo, kepha umthetho ubukhona. Amahora okusebenza aqalile futhi ngo-12. Ngemuva kwabo, uNikolai wayevame ukuvakashela noma yisiphi isikhungo noma ibhizinisi, futhi wakwenza ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Umbusi wadla ngehora lesithathu, ngemuva kwalokho wachitha cishe ihora nezingane. Ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza nemibhalo kwaze kwaba sebusuku kakhulu.
11. Ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuvukela umbuso ngoDisemba 14, uNicholas wenza isiphetho esifanele: inkosi kufanele ibe nendlalifa eyodwa, ivunyelwe futhi ilungiselelwe isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwenzeka khona, wayebandakanyeka ekukhuliseni indodana yakhe u-Alexander. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawulwa kokukhuliswa - amakhosi avame ukuncishwa injabulo yokuxhumana njalo nezingane. Lapho indlalifa ikhula, wayephathiswe izindaba ezibucayi ngokwengeziwe. Ekugcineni, wathola isikhundla sokuba "ibamba lombusi" ngesikhathi engekho eSt. Futhi amazwi okugcina kaNikolai ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe abhekiswe kwindlalifa. Wathi, "Bamba konke."
12. Ingubo eluhlaza neyomhlophe, isithombe se-Empress esifubeni sokunene - ifomu elijwayelekile lentokazi elindile. UVarvara Nelidova naye wayegqoka izingubo ezinjalo. Kungenzeka ukuthi wayewukuphela komthandi kaNikolai ngaphandle komshado. Isimo esihlafunwe kumakhulu amanoveli abesifazane: indoda iyamthanda unkosikazi wayo, ongasakwazi ukumnika lokho akudingayo ngokomzimba. Imbangi encane futhi enempilo iyavela, futhi ... Kodwa akukho "futhi" okwenzekile. U-Alexandra Fyodorovna wavala amehlo akhe eqinisweni lokuthi umyeni wakhe wayenenkosikazi. UNikolai waqhubeka ephatha umkakhe ngenhlonipho, kepha futhi wanaka uVarenka. Yi-Athos evela kuma "Musketeers amathathu" lapho amakhosi ngobuzibulo angaphezulu kwabo bonke abantu abafayo. Empilweni yangempela, banesikhathi esinzima kakhulu kunabanikezeli be-alimony abajwayelekile. Iqhawekazi eliyinhloko lale ndaba nguVarvara Nelidova. Isamba esikhulu sama-ruble angu-200,000 endodakazini yakhe yesihlanu emndenini ompofu ohloniphekile, wasinikezwa nguNikolai, wanikela ezidingweni zabakhubazekile futhi wafuna ukushiya izincekukazi ezihloniphekile esigodlweni. Ngokwesicelo sikanina, u-Alexander I I wamncenga ukuthi ahlale. UVarvara ushone ngo-1897. Umngcwabo wakhe ubuhanjelwe nguGrand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich. Eminyakeni engu-65 edlule, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe, odokotela benqabela ukubeletha u-Alexandra Fyodorovna, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwaqala ukuthandana kukaNikolai noBarvara. Akunanoma iyiphi enye inkosikazi emlandweni engaziqhenya ngalolo phawu lwenhlonipho.
13. UNikolai wayenjalo, njengoba uLeo Tolstoy abhala, "Palkin". Izinti - shpitsruteny - zabe sezifakwa emithethweni yezempi njengenye yezinhlobo zokujeziswa. Amasosha anikezwa imivimbo engu-100 emhlane ngenduku efakwe ku-saline solution engaphezu kwamamitha ubude nobude obungamasentimitha ama-4 ngokwephula ikhodi yokugqoka. Ngokwephula okubi kakhulu, isilinganiso samageji saya ezinkulungwaneni. Kwakunganconyelwa ukuthi kunikezwe izilinganiso ezingaphezu kwama-3,000, kepha kwakukhona ukweqisa ezindaweni ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ngisho nokushaywa okuyinkulungwane kwakwanele ukuthi kufe umuntu ojwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uNikolai wayeziqhenya ngokuthi akazange asebenzise isigwebo sentambo. Umbusi uqobo uzixazululele impikiswano ngokuthi iqiniso lokuthi izinduku zikhona kulo mqulu, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwazo, ngisho nangaphambi kokufa kwabajezisiwe, kusemthethweni.
14. Ukuqondiswa okuphezulu kwezindikimba eziphezulu zamandla ombuso ekuqaleni kokubusa kukaNikolai bekunje. Ngesinye isikhathi cishe ngehora leshumi, wanquma ukwehla yiSenate. Ngaleyo minyaka, iSenethi kwakuyisigungu esiphezulu kunazo zonke ezweni - okuthile okufana neKhabinethi yoNgqongqoshe njengamanje, kuphela ngamandla amakhulu. Kwakungekho sikhulu esisodwa eMnyangweni Wezobugebengu. Dumisa uMbusi - akazange enze isiphetho esisobala ngokunqoba kokugcina ngecala lobugebengu. UNikolay waya eMnyangweni Wesibili (iminyango "enenombolo" yayihileleke emacaleni okwahlulela nawokubhalisa) - isithombe esifanayo. Kuphela eMnyangweni Wesithathu lapho umphathi weziphathamandla ahlangana khona nesenator ephilayo. UNikolai wathi kuye kakhulu: "Indawo yokucima ukoma!" bese ehamba. Uma othile ecabanga ukuthi amasenenja azizwe kabi ngemuva kwalokho, wenza iphutha - kwakunguNikolai kuphela owayezizwa kabi. Ukuzama kwakhe, ngokwesimanje, ukushaya, kubonisiwe. AmaSenator aqhudelana ngokwazisa i-tsar ukuthi abantu abajwayelekile ngokuvamile abasuki emakhaya ngaphambi kuka-10, nokuthi umfowabo wombusi wamanje u-Alexander, uNkulunkulu uphumuza umphefumulo wakhe, waphatha abantu abahle kakhulu boMbuso ngokuthambile ngokungenakuqhathaniswa futhi wabavumela ukuthi bavele phambi kwehora le-10 noma le-11. Kulokho futhi wanquma. Injalo intando yeningi ...
15. UNikolai wayengabesabi abantu. NgoJanuwari 1830, kwabanjelwa wonke umuntu e-Winter Palace. Umsebenzi wamaphoyisa bekuwukuvimbela ukuqothulwa nokulawulwa kwenani lalabo abakhona - bekungamele babe ngaphezu kuka-4 000 wabo ngesikhathi. Ukuthi amaphoyisa akwenze kanjani lokhu akwaziwa, kodwa konke kwahamba kahle nangokuthula. UNicholas nomkakhe bazulazula emahholo benethimba elincane - isixuku savuleka phambi kwabo futhi savala ngemuva kombhangqwana wasebukhosini. Ngemuva kokukhuluma nabantu, umbusi nendlovukazi baya eHermitage ukuyodla isidlo sakusihlwa esiyingini esincane sabantu abangama-500.
16. UNicholas angibonisanga isibindi hhayi kuphela ngaphansi kwezinhlamvu. Ngesikhathi sobhadane lwekholera, lapho lwaludlangile eMoscow, umbusi weza edolobheni futhi wachitha izinsuku zonke phakathi kwabantu, evakashela izikhungo, izibhedlela, izimakethe, amakhaya ezintandane. Umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo obehlanza igumbi likankulunkulu nowesifazane obegcina isigodlo sihlelekile umnikazi engekho. UNikolai wahlala eMoscow izinsuku eziyi-8, egqugquzela abawile ngomoya wabantu, futhi wabuyela eSt. Petersburg, ngemuva kokusebenza ngokuvalelwa amasonto amabili.
17. UTaras Shevchenko wathunyelwa esosheni nakancane ngenxa yothando lwakhe lwenkululeko noma ithalente lezemibhalo. Wabhala ama-libels amabili - elilodwa kuNicholas I, elesibili kubhala ngomkakhe. Efunda igama elihlambalazayo elibhalwe ngaye, uNikolai wahleka. Ukuhlambalaza kwesibili kwamholela entukuthelweni embi. Wabiza u-Tsarina Shevchenko onomzimba omncane, onemilenze emincanyana, nekhanda elinikina ikhanda. Ngempela, u-Alexandra Fedorovna wayezacile kabuhlungu, okwakucasulwa ukubeletha njalo. Futhi ngoDisemba 14, 1825, wacishe washaywa unhlangothi ezinyaweni, futhi ikhanda lakhe laqhaqhazela ngempela ngezikhathi zenjabulo. Ubungqabavu bukaShevchenko bunengekile - u-Alexandra Fedorovna wathenga isithombe sikaZhukovsky ngemali yakhe. Lesi sithombe bese sidlalwa nge-lottery, ngemali etholwe kuyo imali nguShevchenko kusuka ku-serfdom. UMbusi wayazi ngalokhu, kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi uShevchenko wayazi ngakho. Ngempela, ukuthunjwa kwakhe njengesosha kwakuyindlela yesihe - ngohambo lukaShevchenko lokuya endaweni ephethwe nguhulumeni kwenye indawo eSakhalin, kuzotholakala i-athikili kulokhu.
18. Ukubusa kukaNicholas I mayelana nokuqinisa nokwandisa umbuso waseRussia kwakungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili. Ukuhambisa umngcele ngamakhilomitha angama-500 maqondana nokwandiswa kwendawo yaseRussia kwakulandelana kahle. U-Adjutant General Vasily Perovsky ngo-1851 wethula imikhumbi yokuqala yokuhamba ngomkhumbi i-Aral Sea. Umngcele woMbuso WaseRussia waqala ukugijima amakhilomitha ayi-1 000 eningizimu kunakuqala. UNikolai Muravyov, onguMbusi waseTula, wethule uNicholas I uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa nokwandiswa kweRussia Far East. Lesi sinyathelo sijeziswa - uMuraveva wathola amandla futhi waya eZweni lakhe Lesithembiso. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe yesiphepho, uMbuso wathola indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayisigidi.
ishumi nesishiyagalolunye.Impi YaseCrimea ihlala isilonda esingaphili emlandweni waseRussia naku-biography kaNicholas I. Ngisho nomlando wokuwa koMbuso abaningi baqala ngalokhu kungqubuzana kwesibili phakathi kweRussia ne-European Union. Owokuqala, uNapoleonic, waphinde wabanjwa ngumfowabo omdala kaNikolai u-Alexander. UNikolay akakwazanga ukubhekana nesibili. Akunanxusa noma ezempi. Mhlawumbe iphuzu lokuhlukaniswa kombuso laliseSevastopol ngo-1854. UNikolai wayengakholelwa ukuthi amandla obuKristu azongena esivumelwaneni neTurkey. Akakholwanga ukuthi amakhosi ezihlobo, amandla awo awagcina ngo-1848, azomkhaphela. Yize wayenokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo - izakhamizi zasePetersburg zamjikijela ngezingodo nangamatshe ka-1825, zinganamahloni ngenhlonipho yazo kulowo ophethe uNkulunkulu. Futhi izakhamizi zakubo ezifundile azizange zidumazeke, zisebenze ngokusho kwephepha elaziwa kakhulu lokuthungatha: umbuso obolile awuzange unikeze amasosha izinhlamvu (amabhuzu anezinyawo zamakhadibhodi ayekhunjulwa ngakho konke), izinhlamvu nokudla. Ngenxa yempi, iRussia ayizange ilahlekelwe yizindawo zayo, kepha okubi kakhulu, yalahlekelwa udumo lwayo.
20. Impi YaseCrimea yaletha uNicholas I ethuneni. Ekuqaleni kuka-1855, wahlaselwa ngumkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuphela kwaqala ukugula, wavuma ukuthi "akaphilile ngokuphelele." UMbusi akazange amukele muntu, kepha waqhubeka nokusebenza nemibhalo. Ngokuvamile azizwe engcono, uNikolai waya kobuka emibuthanweni eshiya phambili. Kusuka ku-hypothermia entsha - iyunifomu yomkhosi ngaleso sikhathi yayibalwa kuphela isimo sezulu esifudumele - lesi sifo saba sibi kakhulu saphenduka inyumoniya. NgoFebhuwari 17, isimo sombusi sawohloka kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha nje ngemva kwemini ngoFebhuwari 18, 1855, uNicholas I wafa. Cishe kuze kube yimizuzu yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wahlala ephapheme, enesikhathi sokunikeza imiyalo yokuhlela umngcwabo nokugcoba umzimba wakhe.
21. Kwakunamahlebezi amaningi ngokufa kukaNicholas I, kepha azinasisekelo. Noma ikuphi ukugula okungathi sína ngaleyo minyaka kwakubulala. Iminyaka engama-60 nayo yayihlonipheka. Yebo, abaningi baphila isikhathi eside, kepha umbusi wayeneminyaka engu-30 yokuxineka okungapheli kokusebenzisa izwe elikhulu ngemuva kwakhe. I-Tsar uqobo yanikeza isizathu samahemuhemu - wayala ukuba kugcotshwe isidumbu ngosizo lukagesi. Kuphela kwasheshisa ukubola. Labo abeza ukuzovalelisa bezwa iphunga, futhi ukubola ngokushesha kwakuwuphawu lobuthi.
