Idolobha laseKazan lidume ngokuthi lihlala umbhoshongo waseSyuyumbike, othathwa njengophawu lwalo lonke iTatarstan. Kungabonakala sengathi isakhiwo esijwayelekile esinomlando wamakhulu eminyaka ambalwa, ziningi zalezi ezweni lonke, kepha konke okusetsheni lesikhumbuzo kufihlwe imfihlakalo, yingakho intshisekelo yocwaningo ingapheli.
Imfihlakalo yomlando yombhoshongo waseSyuyumbike
Imfihlakalo eyinhloko yezazi-mlando ukuthi namanje akwaziwa ukuthi lo mbhoshongo wadalwa nini. Futhi ubunzima abukho enkingeni yokunquma unyaka oqondile, ngoba cishe cishe ngekhulu leminyaka kunezimpikiswano ezisebenzayo, lapho uhlu oluningi lwezimpikiswano ezisekela ukwethembeka kwalo lunanyathiselwe embonweni ngamunye. IKazan Tower inezici ezithile zesakhiwo ezingabangelwa izinkathi ezahlukahlukene, kepha akukho mibhalo esekelayo etholakele.
IziKronike kusukela ngesikhathi seKazan Khanate zalahleka ngesikhathi kuthathwa idolobha ngo-1552. Kamuva imininingwane emayelana noKazan yagcinwa e-Moscow Archives, kepha yanyamalala ngenxa yomlilo ngo-1701. Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kombhoshongo waseSyuyumbike kwaqala ngo-1777, kodwa-ke wawusivele usezingeni ongawabona ngalo namuhla, ngakho-ke akekho owaziyo ukuthi kwenziwa nini umsebenzi wokwakha ukwakha iphuzu lokubuka endaweni yaseKazan Kremlin.
Kukhona ukwahlulela, okunamathelwa iningi labaphenyi, ukuthi isikhathi sokudala siwela ngekhulu le-17. Ngokubona kwabo, yavela esikhaleni esivela ku-1645 kuya ku-1650, kodwa lesi sakhiwo asikhulumi ezithombeni zabantu besikhathi saso kanye necebo ledolobha elihlanganiswe ngo-1692 nguNikolaas Witsen kumfanekiso wakhe. Isisekelo sombhoshongo sikhumbuza kakhulu izici zokwakhiwa kwesikhathi sangaphambilini, kepha kukhona umbono wokuthi phambilini kwakukhona isakhiwo sokhuni, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sathathelwa indawo ngesethenjwa ngokwengeziwe, sashiya isisekelo esidala.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezici zokwakha ezijwayelekile zeMosque Baroque kufakazela ukuthi umbhoshongo wakhiwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18, kepha umuntu akanakuthembeli kuphela kuzici zesitayela. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, umbuzo usavulekile, nokuthi ngabe uzoxazululwa yini akukaziwa.
Izici zesakhiwo sangaphandle
Lesi sakhiwo siyisakhiwo esinezitezi eziningi esinomphetho phezulu. Ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha angama-58. Sekukonke, umbhoshongo unamaceleni ayisikhombisa, ahlukile ngokubukeka:
- isigaba sokuqala siyisisekelo esibanzi esine-arch evulekile. Yenzelwe ukuthi ukwazi ukushayela phakathi kombhoshongo, kepha isikhathi esiningi indinyana ivalwa ngesango;
- isigaba sesibili sifana nesokuqala esime, kodwa ubukhulu baso buncane ngokulingana;
- isigaba sesithathu sincane ngisho kunaleso esedlule, kodwa sihlotshiswe ngamawindi amancane;
- amabanga wesine nowesihlanu enziwe ngendlela yama-octagoni;
- amabanga wesithupha nelesikhombisa ayingxenye yombhoshongo wokubuka.
Idizayini yesakhiwo inezimo ezi-angular, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukubala ukuthi zingaki phansi ongazenzela zona. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa izinto ezimbalwa zokuhlobisa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, isakhiwo sigxile ngokuphelele, kunamakholomu ezinyaweni, kwehliswe imengamo kanye nezindiza ezindongeni.
Ukhozi olunamakhanda amabili lwafakwa phezulu kwesiphephelo kusukela ngo-1730, kodwa kamuva sathathelwa indawo ucezwana. Kuliqiniso, uphawu lwenkolo aluzange lubonakale phezulu isikhathi eside ngenxa yenqubomgomo esungulwe ezweni. Inyanga eqoshiwe yenhlendla yabuyela emsakazweni kuphela ngawo-1980 ngesicelo sikahulumeni wezwe.
Isici esiyinhloko sombhoshongo waseSyuyumbike ukuthi uyawa, njenge-Leaning Tower yasePisa e-Italy. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani lesi sakhiwo sitshekile, ngoba ekuqaleni besimi kahle. Eqinisweni, lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yesisekelo esijule ngokwanele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ibhilidi laqala ukutsheka futhi namuhla selisukile e-eksisi laya enyakatho-mpumalanga cishe ngamamitha amabili. Ukube ngo-1930 lesi sakhiwo besingakaqiniswa ngezindandatho zensimbi, ubukhanga bebungeke bume endaweni yaseKazan Kremlin.
Imininingwane ethokozisayo yabathandi bezohambo
Ngokumangazayo, igama lalesi sakhiwo belihlukile, kanti elikhona laqala ukubalulwa kumagazini ngo-1832. Kancane kancane, yasetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe enkulumweni futhi ngenxa yalokho, yamukelwa ngokujwayelekile. Ngolimi lwesiTatar, kwakuyisiko ukubiza umbhoshongo ngokuthi uKhan-Jami, okusho ukuthi “isonto lamaKhan”.
Leli gama lanikezwa futhi ngoba indlovukazi uSyuyumbike yadlala indima enkulu kubahlali baseTatarstan. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, waqeda imithetho eminingana enokhahlo ethinta abalimi, lapho ahlonishwa khona ngabantu abavamile. Akumangalisi ukuthi kunendaba yokuthi nguyena owaba "umqalisi" wokwakhiwa kombhoshongo.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke i-Eiffel Tower
Ngokomlando, u-Ivan the Terrible ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa kweKazan wayehlatshwe umxhwele ubuhle bendlovukazi kangangokuthi wammema ngokushesha ukuba abe ngumkakhe. USyuyumbike ufune ukuthi umbusi awakhe lo mbhoshongo zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, ngemuva kwalokho uzokwamukela isicelo sakhe. Inkosana yaseRussia yasifeza lesi simo, kepha umbusi waseTatarstan akakwazanga ukukhaphela abantu bakhe, yingakho waziphonsa esakhiweni ayesakhelwe yena.
Ikheli akunzima ukulikhumbula, ngoba umbhoshongo waseSyuyumbike usedolobheni laseKazan kuKazan Kremlin Street. Akunakwenzeka ukudideka ukuthi lesi sakhiwo esincikene sitholakala kuphi, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi hhayi izivakashi ezivela ezweni lonke kuphela ezihlangana lapha, kodwa nezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe.
Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, kunikezwa izincazelo eziningiliziwe zezindaba ezihambisana nombhoshongo, isitshela ukuthi isakhiwo singesasiphi isizinda nokuthi yimiphi imininingwane yokwakhiwa okufakazela lokhu. Kufanele ukhuphukele emazingeni aphezulu bese uthatha isithombe sokubukwa kokuvula, ngoba lapha ungabona ubuhle beKazan nezindawo ezizungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenkolelo yokuthi uma wenza isifiso phezulu kombhoshongo, nakanjani kuzogcwaliseka.
