Ngomculo waseRussia, uMikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804 - 1857) wawucishe ufane noPushkin wawunezincwadi. Umculo waseRussia, yebo, wawukhona ngaphambi kukaGlinka, kepha kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwemisebenzi yakhe ethi "Life for the Tsar", "Ruslan noLyudmila", "Kamarinskaya", izingoma nezothando, umculo wagqashuka kuma-salon wezwe waba ngumuntu weqiniso. UGlinka waba umqambi wokuqala kazwelonke waseRussia, futhi umsebenzi wakhe wathonya inani elikhulu labalandeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uGlinka, owayenezwi elihle, wasungula isikole sokuqala sezwi eRussia eSt.
Impilo ye-MI Glinka ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ilula futhi ayinankathazo. Engabhekani nobunzima, njengezinto eziningi ayesebenza nabo, wayengajabule neze emshadweni wakhe. Umkakhe wamkhohlisa, wamkhohlisa umkakhe, kodwa ngokwemithetho yesehlukaniso ngaleso sikhathi, abakwazanga ukuhlukana isikhathi eside. Izindlela ezintsha zomsebenzi kaGlinka azange zamukelwe kahle yiwo wonke umuntu, futhi zazivame ukugxeka. Ngokuncoma umqambi, akazange adikibale wahamba indlela yakhe, engazange ashiye kuyo ngemuva kwempumelelo evala izindlebe, njengakwi-opera ethi "A Life for the Tsar", noma ngemuva kwama-premieres abesecishe ukwehluleka ("URuslan noLyudmila")
1. Umama kaGlinka, u-Evgenia Andreevna, wayevela emndenini ocebile kakhulu womnikazi womhlaba, futhi ubaba wakhe wayengumnikazi womhlaba wesandla esilinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho u-Ivan Nikolaevich Glinka ethatha isinqumo sokushada no-Evgenia Andreevna, abafowabo bentombazane (uyise nonina babeshonile ngaleso sikhathi) bamenqaba, bengakhohlwa ukusho ukuthi izingane ezihlulekile nazo zingabazala besibili. Ngaphandle kokucabanga kabili, intsha yakha uzungu lokubaleka. Ukuphunyuka kube yimpumelelo ngenxa yebhuloho elidiliziwe ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi ukujaha kufinyelela esontweni, umshado wawusukhona.
2. Ngokwenganekwane yokhokho, uMikhail Glinka wazalwa ngehora lapho ama-nightingile ayesaqala ukucula ekuseni - kokubili ibika elihle nokukhombisa amakhono esikhathi esizayo osana olusanda kuzalwa. KwakungoMeyi 20, 1804.
3. Ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kukagogo wakhe, umfana wakhula etotoswa, futhi ngothando uyise wambiza ngokuthi "mimosa". Kamuva Glinka ngokwakhe wazibiza ngokuthi leli gama.
4. Idolobhana laseNovospasskoye, lapho kwakuhlala khona uGlinki, ngesikhathi sePatriotic War yango-1812 lalingenye yezikhungo zenhlangano eyayihlanganyela. AbakwaGlinka uqobo bayiswa e-Oryol, kepha umpristi wendlu yabo, ubaba u-Ivan, wayengomunye wabaholi babavukeli. AmaFrance ake azama ukuthatha lo muzi, kepha abuyiselwa emuva. Little Misha wayethanda ukulalela izindaba abahlanganyeli.
5. Onke amalungu omndeni ayewuthanda umculo (umalume wami wayenayo ne-orchestra yakhe), kepha umphathi u-Varvara Fedorovna wafundisa uMisha ukufundela umculo ngokuhlelekile. Wayengumuntu pedantic, kodwa umculi osemusha wayidinga - kwakudingeka aqonde ukuthi umculo - umsebenzi.
6. UMikhail waqala ukuthola imfundo ejwayelekile eNoble Boarding School - isikole samabanga aphansi eTsarskoye Selo Lyceum odumile. UGlinka wafunda ekilasini elilodwa noLev Pushkin, umfowabo omncane ka-Alexander, owayefunda eLyceum ngasikhathi sinye. Kodwa-ke, uMikhail wahlala endlini yokuhlala isikhathi esingangonyaka kuphela - naphezu kwesimo sakhe esiphakeme, izimo ezikhungweni zemfundo zazimbi, ngonyaka umfana wayegula kabi kabili futhi ubaba wakhe wanquma ukumdlulisela eSikoleni Sokubhoda saseSt.Petersburg ePedagogical University.
7. Endlini yokubhoda entsha, uGlinka wazithola esengaphansi kophiko lukaWilhelm Küchelbecker, yena lowo owadubula eGrand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich eSenate Square futhi wazama ukudubula ojenene ababili. Kodwa lokho kwakungo-1825, futhi kuze kube manje uKüchelbecker wabalwa njengothembekile.
8. Ngokuvamile, uthando lomculo lwadlala indima ekutheni ukuvukela kukaDembmbrist kudlule, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, nguGlinka. Wayejwayele abaningi babahlanganyeli bayo, futhi-ke, wezwa izingxoxo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, lolu daba aluzange ludlulele phambili, futhi uMikhail wasinda ngokuphepha kulabo ababelenga noma ababedingiselwe eSiberia.
Ukuhlubuka kwe-Decembrist
9. Impesheni Glinka uqede endaweni yesibili emabangeni, kwathi emcimbini wokuthweswa iziqu wenza ezibukwayo ngokudlala upiyano omnandi.
Ingoma edumile ethi “Musa ukucula, ubuhle, nami…” ivele ngendlela engajwayelekile. Uma uGlinka nababili u-Alexandra - uPushkin noGriboyedov - bachitha ihlobo efa labangane babo. UGriboyedov wake wadlala kupiyano ingoma ayeyizwile ngesikhathi enza inkonzo yakhe eTiflis. UPushkin waqamba ngokushesha amagama alo mculo. Futhi Glinka wayecabanga ukuthi umculo ungenziwa ngcono, futhi ngosuku olulandelayo wabhala ingoma entsha.
11. Ngenkathi uGlinka efuna ukuya phesheya, ubaba wakhe akazange avume - nempilo yendodana yakhe ibuthakathaka, futhi ibingekho imali eyanele ... UMikhail wamema udokotela ayemazi ukuthi ngubani, ngemuva kokuhlola isiguli, wathi unezifo eziningi eziyingozi, kodwa uhambo Isimo sezulu esifudumele sizomphilisa ngaphandle komuthi.
12. Ngenkathi ehlala eMilan, uGlinka wayevamise ukudlala ama-opera ayewazwile eLa Scala izolo ebusuku. Izinkumbi zabahlali bendawo zihlangane efasiteleni lendlu lapho umqambi womculo waseRussia ayehlala khona. Futhi ukusebenza kwe-serenade eqanjwe nguGlinka ngengqikimba evela ku-opera u-Anna Boleil, eyenzeka kuveranda omkhulu wendlu yommeli odumile waseMilan, kudale isiminyaminya.
13. Ukukhuphuka iNtaba iVesuvius e-Italy, uGlinka ukwazile ukungena esikhephu sangempela saseRussia. Sikwazile ukukhuphuka ngosuku olulandelayo kuphela.
14. Ikhonsathi likaGlinka eParis lahlanganisa ihholo eligcwele lekhonsathi laseHertz (elinye lamahholo amakhulu kunawo wonke enhlokodolobha yaseFrance) futhi lathola nokubuyekezwa okukhulu kwababukeli kanye nabezindaba.
15. UGlinka wahlangana nonkosikazi wakhe wakusasa uMaria Ivanova ngenkathi efika eSt. Petersburg ezobona umfowabo ogula kakhulu. Umqambi wayengenaso isikhathi sokubona umfowabo, kodwa wathola umlingani wokuphila. Unkosikazi wahlala ethembekile kumyeni wakhe iminyaka embalwa, wabe esephuma. Izinqubo zesehlukaniso zithathe amandla nezinzwa eziningi zikaGlinka.
16. Ingqikithi ye-opera ethi "A Life for the Tsar" yaphakanyiswa umqambi ngu-V. Zhukovsky, umsebenzi walesi sihloko - "UDumas" kaK. Ryleev - welulekwa ngu-V. Odoevsky, futhi igama laqanjwa ngumqondisi weBolshoi Theatre A. Gedeonov, lapho omunye wemidlalo yokuzijwayeza wawuthanyelwe nguNikolai I.
Isimo esivela ku-opera esithi "A Life for the Tsar"
17. Umqondo ka "Ruslan noLyudmila" nawo wazalwa ngokuhlanganyela: indikimba yaphakanyiswa nguV. Shakhovsky, umbono waxoxwa noPushkin, futhi umculi u-Ivan Aivazovsky wadlala izingoma ezimbalwa zamaTatar ku-violin.
18. KwakunguGlinka owathi, ngokwesimanje, wasakaza abaculi nabahlabeleli bendlu yasebukhosini, ayiqondisa, wathola ithalente lomculi opera nomqambi opera uG. Gulak-Artemovsky.
19. UM. Glinka wabeka emculweni inkondlo ethi "Ngikhumbula umzuzu omuhle ...". U-Pushkin wanikezela u-Anna Kern, nomqambi ku-Ekaterina Kern, indodakazi ka-Anna Petrovna, ayethandana naye. UGlinka noCatherine Kern kwakudingeka babe nengane, kodwa ngaphandle komshado uCatherine wayengafuni ukumzala, futhi isehlukaniso saqhubeka nokuqhubeka.
20. Umqambi omkhulu wafela eBerlin. UGlinka wabanjwa amakhaza ngesikhathi ebuya ekhonsathini lapho kwakwenziwa khona imisebenzi yakhe. Amakhaza avele abulala. Okokuqala, umqambi wangcwatshwa eBerlin, kodwa izinsalela zakhe zangcwatshwa kabusha e-Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
