Ezingxabanweni mayelana nokuthi kwakunjani eRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amakhophi amaningi aphulwa. Izindaba ezimayelana nokuduma okungaziwa komqulu waseFrance zithathelwa indawo imininingwane ngobumpofu ngokuphelele nokungafundi, ukuqoqwa kwamanani entengo yokudla kudonswa ngamatafula anemiholo emincane.
Kepha uma uyeka ukuhlupheka futhi ujwayelana nalokho okwakuhlala eMoscow nabakhileyo kuyo ngaleyo minyaka, ungamangala: ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe, azikho izinguquko eziningi. Abantu basebenze bezijabulisa ngendlela efanayo, bangena emaphoyiseni futhi baya ezindlini zokuhlala zasehlobo, bakhala ngezinkinga zezindlu futhi babingelela amaholide ngomdlandla. “Akukho okusha ngaphansi kwenyanga, / okuyikho, okwakukhona, okuzoba phakade,” kubhala uKaramzin eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule, njengokungathi wazi konke kusengaphambili.
Ingxoxo ngempilo yansuku zonke ayipheli ngaphandle kwengxoxo emayelana nemali. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, umholo ojwayelekile wamakilasi aphansi wawucishe ube ama-ruble angama-24 ngenyanga. Abalimi ingxenye enkulu bathola imali encane, uma ngabe beze baya ku-zero. Ngakho-ke, akubanga khona ukuphela kwalabo abafisa ukusebenza ezindaweni zokwakha, ezitshalweni nasemafemini.
Iholo lesikhulu kanye nomsebenzi ophakathi nendawo lalisukela kuma-ruble angama-70 ngenyanga. Abasebenzi babelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhokha: ifulethi, okuphakelayo, ikhandlela, njll. Kusukela kumemori kulandela ukuthi uma inhloko yomndeni ithola ama-ruble ayi-150-200 ngenyanga, khona-ke le mali yayinganele ukuhola indlela yokuphila ehambelana nombuthano wayo.
1. Ngaphandle kokunyathela inqubekelaphambili, izakhiwo zamabhilidi ezinezitezi eziyisishiyagalombili zaqala ukuvela edolobheni - impilo eMoscow ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili yageleza, ilalela ukuhleleka okumisiwe kwamakhulu eminyaka. Ngemuva kokugujwa kukaKhisimusi, uChristmastide walandela ngokuzijabulisa kwabo okungalawuleki kanye nokuzijabulisa. Kwabe sekuqala ukuzila. Izindawo zokudlela bezivalwa. Abalingisi baseRussia baya eholidini, kanti izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi zigcwale abenzi bezivakashi bakwamanye amazwe - okuthunyelwe bekungasebenzi kubo. Ekupheleni kokuthunyelwe, ukuthengisa kubekelwe isikhathi, babizwa ngokuthi "kushibhile". Ngemuva kwalokho bagubha iPhasika futhi kancane kancane baqala ukushiya ama-dachas abo, ngaphandle kwedolobha. IMoscow ibingenalutho kwaze kwaphela ihlobo. Eduze nasekwindla, kwaqala kabusha umsebenzi wezikhungo, imiphakathi eyahlukahlukene kanye nemibuthano, kwaqala imibukiso nokwenziwa, amakilasi ezikhungweni zemfundo aqala kabusha. Impilo ematasa yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba nguKhisimusi. Futhi, bekunamaholide afinyelela kwangu-30 ngonyaka, ngisho nokuhluza ukuzila. Amaholide ayehlukaniswe ngesonto nasebukhosini, manje ayesazobizwa ngezwe - izinsuku zokuzalwa kanye namagama wabantu abafake umqhele.
2. Omunye wabalandeli abadumile wabhala ukuthi ubuhlanya be-spring dacha abunakugwemeka njengothando. EMoscow, i-dacha yayingeyona uphawu lokuchuma - wonke umuntu wazama ukuqeda uthuli nephunga ledolobha lakubo. Amaphunga asehlobo laseMoscow ahlanganisa iphunga lemigqomo kadoti, amapayipi endle angathuthukisiwe kanye nokuthuthwa ngamahhashi. Babalekela edolobheni. Ezinye zazo zisezindaweni ezintofontofo ezinemithombo yobuciko yobuciko, imihlambi yokusenga, izingadi zemifino kanye nepaki lamaNgisi, okuthi, ngokusho kokukhumbula komunye uMuscovite, basendlini engaciniswanga kahle enamakamelo amane ngezansi nangaphansi kwesithathu, kungabalwa amakamelo ezinceku, ikhishi, amakhabethe nezindlu zokugcina izimpahla. Abaningi babenelisekile ngendlu enezindonga ezinhlanu emzaneni ojwayelekile eduze kwaseMoscow. Umbuzo we-dacha wonakalise amaMuscovites hhayi kabi kunenkinga yezindlu. Ngaleso sikhathi amaDacha ayeseKuzminki, e-Odintsovo, eSokolniki, e-Osinovka, kufaka phakathi okuthiwa. Idolobhana laseLosinoostrovsky (kwakukhona uhlobo lwenhlangano yabanini bamakhaya, eyamisa indawo yokuzivocavoca umzimba, isiteshi somlilo, izitolo, amakhemisi, njll.), Kanye nezinye izindawo osekuyisikhathi eside zaba yingxenye yeMoscow. Amanani kuze kube ngu-1910 asukela kuma-ruble angama-30 kuye kwangama-300. ngenyanga, i.e. zazifaniswa nezindlu zokuhlala. Ngemuva kwalokho ukukhula kwabo okucijile kwaqala, futhi ngisho nentengo yama-ruble angama-300 ngenyanga ayiqinisekisi induduzo.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphoyinti akuyona neze into eyakhiwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-XX - ekuqaleni kuka-XXI, futhi ngokuqinisekile akuyona into enonya kaJu. M. Luzhkov. IMoscow yadilizwa, yakhiwa kabusha futhi yakhiwa kuwo wonke umlando wayo ngokuhlangana okuphelele kweziphathimandla zedolobha. Isiko lokuvikela izikhumbuzo zamasiko belingakabikho okwamanje. Yiqiniso, “umphakathi wabhikisha ngodlame ngokubhidlizwa kwezakhiwo zomlando. I-Arkhnadzor ngaleso sikhathi yayibizwa nge-Archaeological Society. Ithonya lakhe lalinganakwa. Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu seNhlangano bekuwukuthwebula izithombe izakhiwo ezindala ngaphambi kokubhidlizwa ngenxa yomakhi. Kodwa-ke, abathuthukisi abakaze bacabange nokwenza le nto encane.
4. Abaningi bangathanda ukuzwa ngamazwi kaWoland waseBulgakov ukuthi udaba lwezindlu seluwonakalisile amaMuscovites, okuyicala elibhekene nenguquko namandla eSoviet. Maye, inkinga yezindlu yaqala ukonakalisa izakhamuzi zaseMoscow ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Imininingwane yedolobha ukuthi abantu abaningi basemadolobheni babeqasha izindlu. Akekho oqashe ifulethi isikhathi eside - kuthiwani uma intengo ibizonyuka. Ngakho-ke, ukuphela kwehlobo kwezinhloko zemindeni kuhlale kuphawulwa ngokufunwa kwezindlu ezintsha. Ukwehla kokugcina kwamanani okuqasha amafulethi kwaqoshwa ngo-1900. Kusukela lapho, izindleko zezindlu zikhuphuke kuphela, futhi ikhwalithi yayo, njengoba ungacabanga, yehlile. Sekuyiminyaka eyi-10 amafulethi, njengoba ebengasho manje, "engxenyeni yamanani aphakathi" ephindwe kabili ngentengo eMoscow.
5. AmaMuscovites ayethanda ukugubha, futhi agubha ngokucebile futhi isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfundiso zemibono nezombusazwe zangaleso sikhathi azizange zihlukanise izigaba. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, banquma ukuhlela umgubho kaNcibijane womphakathi ohlupheke kakhulu eManege. Abantu abacebile babhukha izihlalo namatafula ezindaweni zokudlela, futhi bakhuluma isikhathi eside nge-spree yabo e-Yar, Metropol, Slavyanskiy Bazaar noma eHermitage emaphephandabeni nasemakhishini. Abantu abasebenzayo baya ngokuya bevakashelana, begcwala utshwala ngokusemandleni abo, umzimba kanye nesikhwama semali. Futhi-ke kwavela ukuthi "amakilasi anganele" (futhi abhala ngaphandle kwephutha emaphephandabeni) nawo angahamba emahholo akhanyayo, anoweta, izindwangu zetafula, okwenziwa ngabadwebi nezinye izici zempilo kanokusho. Imininingwane emangalisayo: imibiko esindile yezintatheli ikhombisa ukuthi ngubani obeselikhulisa igebe phakathi kwamakilasi. Imidwebo yoshaka bepeni eyabelwe i- “Yar” iconsisa amathe ngokoqobo, njengoba ababhali bayo bechaza imenyu ngokuningiliziwe. Abahluliwe, abafike eManezh, abakhulumi ngokudla, kepha bakhuluma ngezinkomo ezidakiwe, ezingakwazisi ukwelashwa kwe "master".
6. Indima yamakilabhu asebusuku eMoscow ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili yadlalwa ngamabhola. Le mihlangano yayibuswa ngentando yeningi. Cha, kubanumzane, yonke into yahlala injalo - omama bakhipha amadodakazi abo, futhi isiyingi sabamenyiwe sahlala sincane. Kepha cishe wonke umuntu angangena kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umphakathi" (okuhlelwe yimiphakathi eyahlukahlukene) amabhola. Emabhola anjalo, ukwahlulela ngezincazelo zamaphephandaba kanye nokubuyekezwa kwezimemo zabadala, kwaba nokuwohloka okuphelele kwezokuziphatha: umculo wawushesha kakhulu futhi uphezulu kakhulu, izingubo zabesifazane ziphefumula ngamanyala, ukuhamba komdanso kwenza izilaleli zizisole ngezinsuku ezedlule zeDomostroi, ama-kokoshnik nama-sundresses afekethisiwe.
7. AmaMuscovites abe nezinkinga ngamanzi okwamanje. Idolobha lakhula ngokushesha ukwedlula uhlelo lokwakhiwa kwamanzi. Imfuneko yokufaka amamitha wamanzi abizayo noma isijeziso esinzima sabathwali bamanzi asisizanga. Lezi zakhamizi ezinenzuzo zivimbele ukungena emithonjeni yamahhala ngamanzi, kwathi ngemuva kokuqoqa amanzi amahhala, bawathengisa emigwaqweni ngamanani aphindwe kane kunamanzi ompompi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuciko obusondelene bokuthwala amanzi abuzange bubavumele nalabo abafuna ukuthatha ibhakede elilodwa lamanzi baye emithonjeni. UNikolai Zimin, unjiniyela woMkhandlu Wedolobha laseMoscow owayephethe izindaba zokuphakelwa kwamanzi, wagxekwa kakhulu. Unjiniyela uphendule kulokhu kugxekwa ngesenzo. Kakade ngo-1904, isigaba sokuqala sohlelo lokuhlinzeka ngamanzi eMoskvoretsky, esakhiwa ngaphansi kwakhe, saqala ukusebenza, futhi idolobha lakhohlwa ngezinkinga ngamanzi.
8. Amaphoyisa aseMoscow ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ayengekho nakancane omalume abakhuluphele ngokweqile, abanamakhekhe aminyene, abadakwe uhhafu, abakulungele ukuzuza kumuntu ovamile nganoma iyiphi into encane. Amaphoyisa aqashe, okokuqala, abantu ababekwazi ukufunda nokubhala (ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyindlela ebucayi) futhi beshesha. Ukuze bazi isivivinyo, abazongenela amaphoyisa kwakudingeka baphase isivivinyo semibuzo engama-80 yamazinga ahlukahlukene obuqili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahloli bangabuza umbuzo, impendulo engadingi nje kuphela ulwazi lwemiyalo, kepha futhi nokuqwashiswa okuthile kwengqondo. Empeleni imisebenzi yaleli phoyisa ichazwe ezigabeni ezingama-96. Amaphoyisa aphase isivivinyo se-jiu-jitsu wrestling. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ngo-1911 ithimba lamaphoyisa aseJapan alizange liphumelele nakanye ekuphikiseni, amaphoyisa aseRussia afundiswa kahle. Amaphoyisa athola okuncane - amaholo abalwa kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-150 ngonyaka, kuhlanganiswa noma "ifulethi" emabhalekisini, noma imali efulethini, eyayanele ekhoneni emaphethelweni. Amaphoyisa akwaziyo, njengoba ayefunde ezifundweni ezikhethekile, aqokwa njengamaphoyisa. Lapha, amaholo aqala kusuka kuma-ruble angama-600, futhi kwakhokhwa intela ehloniphekile, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, umuntu wayesevele ewele emgodini wobuphathi. Enyuka esinye isinyathelo, iphoyisa laba umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo - umholo we-1400, ama-ruble angama-700. amakamelo okudlela nefulethi elikhokhelwayo okungenani lamagumbi ayisithupha. Kepha nalolo hlobo lwemali alunakunikeza ubukhona obubekezelelekayo ezingeni lombuthano walo.
9. Inkohlakalo emaphoyiseni aseMoscow yaba ngundabamlonyeni. Ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwezimali zesabelomali, ukufumbathisa, ukuvikela, ukuhlanganiswa nezenzo zobugebengu kuze kuqondiswe ubumbano bekuhlangene kakhulu kangangokuba abahloli bekufanele banciphise amahlombe abo kuphela. Abathengisi bafakazile ukuthi ngePhasika nangoKhisimusi baqoqa amakhulu ama-ruble wamaphoyisa, kodwa hhayi njengesifumbathiso, kodwa ngoba "obaba nobabamkhulu bazinzile, futhi uyindoda elungile". Abagcini bama-brothel badlulise ama-ruble ayi-10 000 esikhwameni sokusiza samaphoyisa futhi baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo. Abanikazi bezindlu zokugembula babenomuzwa wokuthi bangakwazi ukukhokha isamba esinjalo futhi nabo benza umnikelo wokusiza. Kwafika ezingeni lokuthi amaphoyisa amboze ukwebiwa okukhulu kwezimpahla kujantshi ngokugqobhoza izimvu zamanzi, ukushisa impahla, ukubulala nezinye izici zaseWild West. Bekufanele izigidi - yinye kuphela yezinkampani eziqinisekisa izimpahla ezilahlekelwe ama-ruble ayizigidi ezimbili. Icala lamaphoyisa liphele kuphela ngokudilizwa. Inhloko yamaphoyisa aseMoscow, u-Anatoly Reinbot, ngemuva nje kokuxoshwa kwakhe, wathatha imvume yesitimela eyayidinga izigidi zamadola. Vele, ngaphambi kwalokho, uRainbot wayehlala kuphela emholweni wesikhulu, futhi ngaphambi nje kokungena ebhizinisini lesitimela, washada ngempumelelo.
10. Kofakazi bokuthuthuka okufana ne-avalanche kwezobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ijubane lokuthuthuka kwenethiwekhi yezingcingo eMoscow ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kuzobonakala kuyihlaya. Kepha ezingeni ngaleso sikhathi lokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwanda kwenani lababhalisile nge-oda lobukhulu eminyakeni eyi-10 kwaba yintuthuko. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izingcingo eMoscow zazisetshenziswa cishe ababhalisile abazimele abangama-20 000, amabhizinisi nezikhungo ezingaphezu kwama-21,000, ezizimele nezikahulumeni, kanye nezikhungo zokudla zomphakathi ezingama-2 500. Abanye ababhalisile abangama-5500 basebenzise izingcingo ezifanayo.
11. Ihlazo laseMoscow laliyindawo yokulala. Izindlu ezinjalo zachazwa ngokunembile kakhulu ngu-I. Ilf no-E. Petrov endabeni ethi "izihlalo eziyi-12" ngaphansi kwesithunzi sendawo eyayihlala abafundi. Noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala yahlukaniswa ngamakhethini noma izindonga zamapulangwe ukuze kutholakale inani elikhulu kakhulu lemibhede. Kwakunamafulethi anjalo ombhede namabhokisi angaphezu kuka-15 000. Esikhundleni sabantu ababili, abantu abangu-7-8 bahlala emakamelweni. Asikho isephulelo esenzelwe ubulili noma isimo somshado. Abanikazi abanesibindi baze baqasha “amashalofu” - umbhede owodwa wabaqashi ababili abalala ngokushintshana. Indaba kwesinye isikhathi ingaba yinto ekhexisa kakhulu - ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka, "amashalofu" azophenduka abe "isigamu sesiqu".
12. Ukuzijabulisa okuyinhloko kwamaMuscovites phakathi nenkathi (kusuka ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Ephreli) kwakuyizinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. IMuscovites ayizwanga inhlonipho enkulu ngabalingisi noma abaculi. Ukubuyekezwa kwetiyetha noma izimemezelo bekuyindida kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ngokungabikho kwezinye izinhlobo zokungcebeleka kwamasiko, bezigcwaliswa njalo. Lokhu bekunjalo noma ngabe kuzo zonke izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi (ngaphandle kwe-Imperial Bolshoi neMaly, eMoscow okungenani amathiyetha angama-5-6 ngaphezulu, aphethwe ngabantu abazimele noma izinhlangano zabalingisi, asebenze ngokusezingeni elifanele) ukusebenza okuhlulekile obala. Ngakho-ke, sizamile ukuthola amathikithi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. AmaMuscovites bekufanele ame kolayini ebhokisini noma ngabe sekuhlwile, asebenzise ukuxhumana okuhlukahlukene ukuze athole ithikithi noma ithikithi eliphikisayo. Vele, kwakukhona inethiwekhi yokuhweba engekho emthethweni. Kwavulwa ngo-1910. Kwavela ukuthi eMoriarty ethile yokuchitheka kwendawo, eyayinegama lesidlaliso elincane elithi King, kwakusebenza abahwebi abangaba ngu-50. Bathenga amathikithi ebhokisini bese bewathengisa okungenani kabili inani lobuso ngesandla sangasekeni (lowo onikeze amathikithi wayengenawo, futhi uma kwenzeka eboshwa wehla ngenhlawulo). Iholo leNkosi lalinganiselwa kuma-ruble ayi-10-15,000. ngonyaka. Ngemuva kokuboshwa nokukholwa kweNkosi, indawo engcwele ayizange ihlale ingenalutho. Kakade ngo-1914, amaphoyisa abike ngokuba khona kwesakhiwo esisha esilawula ukuthengiswa kwamathikithi eBolshoi Theatre.
13. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezemidlalo eMoscow kwakuyimincintiswano yewrestling, eyayibanjelwe esakhiweni semidlalo yaseshashalazini esakhelwe ngokukhethekile eZoological Garden. Lezi kwakuyimibukiso, imincintiswano yangempela yenzeka esekisini. Futhi e-Zoological Garden, amasosha adlala indima yabamele izizwe noma izinkolo ezahlukahlukene. Abahlanganyeli ababophezelekile bohlelo kwakungu-wrestling wamaJuda neqhawe laseRussia. "Abamele" bezinye izizwe baziswa kulo mbukiso ngokususelwa esimweni samazwe omhlaba. Ngo-1910, umqhudelwano we-wrestling wabesifazane wabanjwa okokuqala ngesikhwama semiklomelo sama-ruble angama-500. Izethameli, zingonakaliswanga yithuba lokuncoma imizimba yabesifazane, zithele amantombazane ngezimbambo eziqinile ezimpini. Imincintiswano yabashushuluza eqhweni, abagibeli bamabhayisikili nemidlalo yebhola ibibanjelwe. UMuscovite uNikolai Strunnikov wayengumpetha womhlaba wonke waseYurophu ekushibilikeni ngesivinini, kodwa akakwazanga ukuvikela isihloko sakhe ngo-1912 - yayingekho imali yohambo. Ngo-1914, izimpi zokuqala zesibhakela zazibanjelwe eSports Palace eZemlyanoy Val. Sekukonke, kwakukhona izinhlangano zezemidlalo ezingama-86 eMoscow. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi inkinga yochwepheshe nabayizimfundamakhwela yayikhona ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kepha indawo yamanzi yagijima ngokuhlukile - hhayi abantu ababephila ngemali engenayo kwezemidlalo babebhekwa njengabachwepheshe, kepha futhi nabamele yonke imikhakha ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wezandla. Ekuqaleni, umpetha we-ski champion waseMoscow uPavel Bychkov wenqatshelwe isihloko kanye nomklomelo - wayesebenza njengomgcini wezindlu, okungukuthi, wayenguchwepheshe.
14. I-cinematography yaqala ukusebenza kanzima eMoscow. Ibhizinisi lalilisha, futhi ekuqaleni abanikazi bamabhayisikobho babeka amanani entengo angathandeki. Amathikithi okuya e- "Electric Theatre" eRed Square abiza ama-kopecks angama-55 no-1 rub. Amakhophi ayi-10 Lokhu kwesabisa ababukeli, futhi ama-cinema okuqala asheshe aqothuka. Isikhathi esithile amafilimu abekhonjiswa kumatiyetha ahlukahlukene njengengxenye yohlelo. Futhi lapho kuqala i-Anglo-Boer War, kwavela ukuthi ama-newsreels athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaMuscovites. Kancane kancane, abanikazi bamabhayisikobho baqala ukusondela ebhizinisini ngomthwalo omkhulu - abaculi abaqeqeshiwe baqashwa njengabaqaphi, amabhilidi amakhulu akhiwa ukukhombisa amafilimu, esikhundleni sezakhiwo "ezinjenge-shed". Yebo, futhi i-cinema ithuthukiswe ngokuqhamuka nemingcele. I-apotheosis kwaba ukuvulwa kwe-A. Khanzhonkov cinema. Ngemuva kwengxenye enesizotha, ababukeli bakhonjiswa ividiyo eqoshwe ngaphambi kokuqala komgubho ngaphambili kwe-cinema. Khanzhonkov nochwepheshe bakhe bakwazi ukwenza izinqubo ezidingekayo ngesikhathi esifushane futhi bazilungiselela umbukiso. Umphakathi wokuqala waphenduka waba yinkampani yezingane ezaziwayo, ekhomba iminwe yabo esikrinini. Amanani ahlala kancane ezingeni lama-kopecks ayi-15. "kwendawo yokuma", amakhophi angama-30-40.ngesihlalo esiphakathi nendawo yamabhayisikobho ne-1 rub. kumabhayisikobho we-posh afana noKhudozhestvenny. Abathandi be-Strawberry - ngaleso sikhathi babengamaribhoni aseFrance - akhokhelwa afika kuma-ruble ama-5. okwesikhathi sasebusuku. Amathikithi kwakungamathikithi okungena, okungukuthi, ayengachithwa ebhayisikobho okungenani usuku lonke.
15. AbakwaMuscovites babona izindiza zokuqala ezindizeni ekwindla ka-1909, kodwa umFulentshi uGaillau akazange enze nto. Kodwa ngoMeyi 1910, uSergei Utochkin wagula amaMuscovites ngesibhakabhaka. Izindiza zakhe zaheha izinkulungwane zezibukeli. Imininingwane emincane mayelana nezindiza ezizayo, isimo sabashayeli bezindiza kanye nemishini ishicilelwe emaphephandabeni. Amaphephandaba abuye abika nangezindaba zokundiza kwamanye amazwe. Bonke abafana, yebo, babefisa ukuba ngabashayeli bezindiza. Lapho nje kuvulwa isikole sezindiza enkundleni yeKhodynskoye, yonke intsha yaseMoscow yeza igijima izobhalisa kuyo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma kwezindiza kwaphela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuhamba ngezindiza kube ibhizinisi elibizayo futhi eliyingozi, futhi kubukeka sengathi kunelukuluku elingenangqondo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1914, u-Igor Sikorsky akakwazanga ukuqoqa imali yokuhlela ukundiza kwezindiza zaseRussia ezazakhiwe kakade.
