Igama lika-Alexander the Great sekuyisikhathi eside laba igama lekhaya kumongo wezingxoxo ngobuciko bempi. Umbusi waseMakedoniya, owakwazi ukunqoba cishe isigamu sezwe elalaziwa ngaleso sikhathi eminyakeni embalwa, ubhekwa ngokufanele njengomholi wezempi omkhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni wesintu. Empini, u-Alexander ngobuciko wasebenzisa amandla ebutho lakhe, ikakhulukazi amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, futhi wazama ukungavumeli amabutho ezitha ukuthi asebenzise okuhle kwawo. Ngokuyinhloko, eNdiya, abaseMacedonia balwa ngempumelelo nezindlovu ezazingabonakali enkundleni yempi. Ukuba nemikhumbi ebuthakathaka kangako, wehlula amandla olwandle, wabaphuca amachweba abo asekele.
Impumelelo ka-Alexander ekwakheni umbuso, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyangabazeka kakhulu. Wanqoba amazwe, wasungula amadolobha futhi wafuna ukuhlela umhlaba wonke ngokwamaphethini amaGellenic, kepha isimo esikhulu asisungula sathola ukungazinzi futhi sawa cishe ngemuva nje kokushona kwenkosi. Noma kunjalo, izazi-mlando zibheka umnikelo ka-Alexander ekusakazeni isiko lamaGreki njengokubaluleke kakhulu.
1. Umnqobi wesikhathi esizayo womhlaba wazalwa ngalolo suku ngo-356 BC. BC, lapho uHerostratus eshisa ithempeli lika-Arthemisi. Ochwepheshe basendulo be-PR bakuhumusha kahle ukuqondana kwezinto: unkulunkulukazi, ngenxa yokubelethisa, akakwazanga ukusindisa ithempeli elakhiwe ngenhlonipho yakhe.
2. Ngokwezinganekwane futhi zahlanganiswa ngohlu lozalo lwasenkantolo, u-Alexander wayebhekwa njengomsinga oqondile wonkulunkulu bamaGrikhi. Wayehlala etshelwa ngalokhu kusuka ebuntwaneni. Iqiniso lokuthi amaGrikhi uqobo lwawo abheka iMakedoniya njengezwe lamaqaba, empeleni, alizange likhulume nenkosi yesikhathi esizayo.
3. U-Alexander osemncane wayenomona ongapheli ngokuphumelela kukayise empini. Wayesaba ukuthi uPhilip II uzonqoba umhlaba wonke ngaphandle kokushiya noma yini kumuntu oyindlalifa.
4. Kakade esemncane, u-Alexander wayala ngempumelelo amasosha, ecindezela ukuvukela kwezizwe ezinqotshiwe. Ubaba, eya empini elandelayo, ngenhliziyo elula wamshiya njenge-regent.
5. UPhilip IV ushone kahle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphola endodaneni yakhe. Ubaba u-Alexander wagwazwa wabulawa ngumqaphi wakhe ngesikhathi lapho ubudlelwane bukaFiliphu nendodana yakhe babubi kakhulu, futhi inkosi yaze yacabanga ngenye indlalifa.
6. U-Tsar Alexander wamenyezelwa yibutho, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi imithetho yamakhosi yayingachazwa ngokukhululeka. Inkosi entsha yasusa ngokushesha bonke abaphikisi ababengaba khona ngokubethelwa, ukushaya inkemba futhi, njengoba izazi-mlando zibhala kamnandi, "ziphoqa ukuzibulala." Kulezi zinkinga, umama ka-Alexander, u-Olympias, wayengumsizi othembekile ka-Alexander.
7. Esengenile embusweni, u-Alexander wayiqeda yonke intela. Isikweletu sesabelomali ngaleso sikhathi sasicishe sibe ngamatalenta angama-500 (cishe amathani ayi-13 esiliva).
8. Ngaphezu kwesidingo sokunqoba impango ngezimpi, u-Alexander wayeqhutshwa yisifiso sokusungula amakoloni amasha, ayezobuswa yizo zonke izinhlobo zabaphikisi nalabo ababengahambisani nenqubomgomo yakhe.
9. Ibutho lika-Alexander lanqoba izindawo ezinkulu lisuka eGibhithe laya eNdiya nase-Asia Ephakathi cishe eminyakeni eyishumi.
Okuxakayo ukuthi ubukhulu bamandla esitha bamsiza u-Alexander Omkhulu ukuba anqobe uMbuso wasePheresiya onamandla: ngemuva kokunqoba kokuqala kwabaseMakedoniya, iziphathamandla - ababusi bezindawo ezithile zasePheresiya - bakhetha ukuzinikela ku-Alexander ngaphandle kwempi.
11. Izobudlelwano futhi baba nomthelela empumelelweni yempi ka-Alexander. Uvame ukushiya izitha zakamuva njengababusi, ebashiyela impahla. Akuzange futhi kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwamabutho aphikisayo.
12. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkosi yaseMakedoniya yayingenaluzwela kakhulu kubantu besizwe sakubo, isolwa ngokwakha uzungu noma ukuvukela umbuso. Wabulala ngonya ngisho nabantu abaseduze.
13. Ngokuphikisana nayo yonke imigomo yobuholi bezempi, u-Alexander wayegijimela yena uqobo empini. Lo mzamo wamlahlekisela amanxeba amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-325 eNdiya, walimala kanzima ngomcibisholo esifubeni.
14. Inhloso enkulu yokunqotshwa kuka-Alexander kwaba yiGanges - ngokwemibono yamaGrikhi asendulo, umhlaba owakhiwe waphelela lapho. Umphathi wehlulekile ukumfinyelela ngenxa yokukhathala kwebutho lakhe kanye nokububula okwaqala kulo.
15. Ngo-324, kwahlelwa umshado omkhulu, waklanyelwa ukuqinisa isimo sika-Alexander ngemishado yabantu bakhe namaPheresiya. U-Alexander washada nabamele ababili bezikhulu uqobo futhi washada neminye imibhangqwana eyi-10 000.
16. Ekugcineni, u-Alexander wanyathela iharika lenkosi yasePheresiya uDariyu. Isimo asihlanganisile sikhulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokufa kombusi, yawa cishe ngejubane lombani.
17. Imbangela yokufa kuka-Alexander ayikatholakali. Ngokwezincazelo ezahlukahlukene, angafa ubuthi, umalaleveva, noma esinye isifo esithathelwanayo. Umholi wezempi omkhulu kunabo bonke wasendulo washiswa wabulawa ukugula ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngoJuni 323 BC. e. Wayeneminyaka engama-32 kuphela ubudala.
18. Ngaphezu kwe-Alexandria yaseGibhithe eyaziwayo, u-Alexander wasungula amadolobha amaningi amaningi anegama elifanayo. Ezinye izazi-mlando zasendulo zazibala ama-Alexandria angaphezu kwamathathu amathathu.
19. Kunemininingwane ephikisanayo ngobungqingili buka-Alexander. Ngokusho komunye wabo, ujenene omkhulu wayengeke neze ahluke kulesi siko lamaGreki. Eminye imithombo ibika ukuthi wathukuthela lapho enikelwa ukuthi anike abafana injabulo yokulala.
20. U-Alexander wayezibeka phambili izimvo zakhe ngokwenkolo. Ngokuhlonipha izinkolelo zabantu abanqotshiwe, ngaleyo ndlela waba negalelo empumelelweni yezempi. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe waqala ukuzenza yena uqobo, okwakungawajabulisi amasosha akhe nalabo abasondelene naye.
