ISt. Petersburg yidolobha elisenyakatho, lisetshenziselwa ukumangaza ngokunethezeka kwalo, isifiso salo kanye nokudabuka kwalo. IWinter Palace eSt. Petersburg ingesinye sezivakashi, okuyisakhiwo esihle kakhulu sokwakhiwa kwamakhulu eminyaka edlule.
IWinter Palace iyindawo yokuhlala yezikhulu eziphakeme zombuso. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, imindeni yasebukhosini yayihlala kulesi sakhiwo ebusika, esihlukaniswa ngobuciko baso obuhlukile. Lesi sakhiwo siyingxenye yesakhiwo se-State Hermitage Museum.
Umlando Wesigodlo Sasebusika eSt
Ukwakhiwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kobuholi bukaPeter I. Isakhiwo sokuqala esakhelwe umbusi kwakuyindlu enezitezi ezimbili embozwe ngamathayili, umnyango wayo wawuthweswe ngezitebhisi eziphakeme.
Idolobha lakhula laba likhulu, lakhuliswa ngezakhiwo ezintsha, kanti isigodlo sokuqala sasebusika sasibukeka singaphezu kwesimilo. Ngoku-oda kukaPeter l, elinye lakhiwa eduze kwesigodlo sangaphambilini. Yayinkulu kancane ukwedlula eyokuqala, kepha isici sayo esasihlukile kwakuyinto - itshe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi yile ndlu yezindela eyayigcina ukubusa, lapha ngo-1725 ashonela khona. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokushona kwenkosi, umakhi onekhono D. Trezzini wenza umsebenzi wokubuyisela.
Kwabona esinye isigodlo, okwakungeseNdlovukazi u-Anna Ioannovna. Wayengajabule ngeqiniso lokuthi ifa likaGeneral Apraksin lalibukeka lihle kakhulu kunelasebukhosini. Khona-ke umbhali onethalente nongqondongqondo womklamo uF. Rastrelli wengeza isakhiwo eside, esasibizwa nge "The Fourth Winter Palace eSt. Petersburg".
Ngalesi sikhathi umakhi wamangala ngomsebenzi wendawo yokuhlala entsha ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu - iminyaka emibili. Isifiso sika-Elizabeth besingeke sifezeke ngokushesha okungaka, ngakho-ke uRastrelli, obekulungele ukungenela lo msebenzi, ucele kaningana ukwelulwa kwethemu.
Izinkulungwane zamaserfs, izingcweti, abadwebi, abasebenzi bezisekelo basebenze ekwakhiweni kwalesi sakhiwo. Iphrojekthi yalobu bukhulu ayikaze yethulwe ngaphambili ukuthi icutshungulwe. USerfs, owayesebenza kusuka ekuseni kakhulu kuze kube sebusuku, wayehlala ezungeze ibhilidi ezindlini ezithwalwayo, kuphela abanye babo abavunyelwe ukulala ubusuku ngaphansi kophahla lwesakhiwo.
Abathengisi bezitolo eziseduze babambe inqwaba yenjabulo ezungeze ukwakhiwa, ngakho bakhuphula kakhulu amanani okudla. Kwenzeka ukuthi izindleko zokudla zidonswe emholweni wesisebenzi, ngakho-ke iserf ayigcinanga nje ngokuthola imali, kepha futhi yahlala isesikweleti kumqashi. Ngonya nangokugxeka, ezimpilweni eziphukile zabasebenzi abajwayelekile, "indlu" entsha yakhelwe ababusi.
Lapho ukwakhiwa kuqedwa, iSt. Petersburg yathola umsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko owawuhlaba umxhwele ubukhulu bawo nokunethezeka kwawo. IWinter Palace yayinezindawo zokuphuma ezimbili, esinye sazo sasibheke eNeva, futhi kwesinye isigcawu sasibonakala. Isitezi sokuqala sasihlala amakamelo okusiza, ayephakeme kwakukhona amahholo omkhosi, amasango engadi yasebusika, isitezi sesithathu nesokugcina kwakungezezisebenzi.
Ngikuthandile ukwakhiwa kukaPeter III, okwathi, ngenxa yokubonga ithalente lakhe elimangalisayo lokwakha, wanquma ukwabela uRastrelli isikhundla sikaMajor General. Umsebenzi womakhi omkhulu waphela ngokudabukisayo ngokufakwa kwesihlalo sobukhosi sikaCatherine II.
Umlilo esigodlweni
Kwenzeka ishwa elibi kakhulu ngo-1837, lapho kuqubuka umlilo esigodlweni ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kukashimula. Ngemizamo yezinkampani ezimbili zabacimi-mlilo, bazama ukumisa umlilo ngaphakathi, bebeka ukuvuleka kweminyango namafasitela ngezitini, kodwa kwaphela amahora angamashumi amathathu ukumisa izilimi ezimbi zelangabi. Lapho umlilo uphela, kwasala kuphela amagumbi, izindonga nemihlobiso yesitezi sokuqala kusuka esakhiweni sangaphambilini - umlilo wacekela phansi yonke into.
Umsebenzi wokubuyisela waqala ngokushesha futhi waqedwa eminyakeni emithathu kuphela kamuva. Njengoba imidwebo ingakaze isinde ekwakhiweni kokuqala, ababuyiseli kwakudingeka bazame futhi bayinike isitayela esisha. Ngenxa yalokhu, okubizwa ngokuthi "inguqulo yesikhombisa" yesigodlo kwavela ngemibala emhlophe noluhlaza okotshani, enezinsika eziningi nokuhlobisa.
Ngokubukeka okusha kwesigodlo, impucuko yafika ezindongeni zayo ngendlela kagesi. Kwakhiwa isiteshi sokuphehla ugesi esitezi sesibili, ebesihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zikagesi futhi iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu sithathwa njengesikhulu kunazo zonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke esigodlweni bese upaka iqembu lasePeterhof.
Izehlakalo eziningi zehlela esakhiweni seWinter Palace ngesikhathi sikhona: umlilo, ukushaya nokubanjwa kuka-1917, ukuzama impilo ka-Alexander II, imihlangano kaHulumeni Wesikhashana, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
I-Winter Palace ngo-2017: incazelo yayo
Cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, lesi sigodlo sasiyindawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yamakhosi, kwaba ngu-1917 kuphela owaletha isihloko somnyuziyamu. Phakathi kokudalulwa kwemnyuziyamu kukhona amaqoqo aseMpumalanga nase-Eurasia, amasampula womdwebo nobuciko bokuhlobisa nobusetshenzisiwe, izithombe ezibekiwe, ezethulwe emahholo amaningi nasemafulethini. Izivakashi zingancoma:
Kuphela ngesigodlo
Ngokuya ngengcebo yemibukiso nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi, iWinter Palace ayiqhathaniswe nanoma yini eseSt. Lesi sakhiwo sinomlando waso oyingqayizivele nezimfihlo esingayeki ukumangaza ngazo izivakashi zaso:
- IHermitage inkulu kakhulu, njengamazwe ezwe lapho kubusa khona umbusi: amakamelo ayi-1 084, amawindi ka-1945.
- Lapho impahla isisezingeni layo lokugcina, isikwele esikhulu sasigcwele imfucumfucu eyayingathatha amasonto ukuhlanza. Inkosi itshele abantu ukuthi bangathatha noma yini esikweleni mahhala, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana isikwele asinazinto ezingadingekile.
- I-Winter Palace eSt. Petersburg yayinemibala ehlukile: yayibomvu ngisho nangesikhathi sempi nabahlaseli baseJalimane, futhi yathola umbala wayo oluhlaza okhanyayo njengamanje ngo-1946.
Imemo yabavakashi
Kunikezwa izindawo eziningi zokuvakashela esigodlweni. Umnyuziyamu uvulwa nsuku zonke, ngaphandle kweMisombuluko, amahora okuvula: kusuka ku-10: 00 kuye ku-18: 00. Ungahlola amanani wamathikithi nomqhubi wakho wokuvakasha noma ehhovisi lebhokisi lemnyuziyamu. Kungcono ukuzithenga kusengaphambili. Ikheli lapho kutholakala khona umnyuziyamu: Dvortsovaya embankment, 32.
