Mhlawumbe wonke umuntu esikoleni wafunda amaqiniso abalulekile ekhemistry. Kodwa-ke, hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-chemistry isizungeze yonke indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamakhemikhali empilweni yomuntu azokusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nale sayensi emangalisayo futhi ewusizo. Wonke umuntu kufanele afunde ngezinto zamakhemikhali nezinzuzo zazo ezingabalulekile kubantu. Okulandelayo, sizobheka ngokuningiliziwe amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamakhemikhali, nokuthi alusizo kanjani empilweni yomuntu.
1. Ukuqinisekisa indiza ejwayelekile yendiza yanamuhla, kudingeka amathani angama-80 oksijini. Inani elifanayo lomoya-mpilo likhiqizwa ngamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-40 zehlathi ngesikhathi se-photosynthesis.
2. Cishe amagremu angamashumi amabili kasawoti aqukethe ilitha elilodwa lamanzi olwandle.
3. Ubude bama-athomu we-hydrogen ayizigidi eziyikhulu ochungechungeni olulodwa buyisentimitha elilodwa.
4. Cishe i-7 mg yegolide ingakhishwa kuthani elilodwa lezilwandle zomhlaba.
5. Cishe ama-75% wamanzi aqukethwe emzimbeni womuntu.
6. Ubunzima beplanethi yethu bukhuphuke ngamathani ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane kule minyaka engamakhulu amahlanu edlule.
7. Indaba ecashile umuntu angayibona yizindonga zebhamu lensipho.
8. 0,001 imizuzwana - ijubane lokuqhuma kwebhamu lensipho.
9. Ekushiseni kwama-5000 degrees Celsius, i-iron iphenduka isimo segesi.
Ilanga likhiqiza amandla amaningi ngomzuzu owodwa kunaleyo iplanethi eliyidingayo unyaka wonke.
11. IGranite ibhekwa njengomqhubi womculo ohamba phambili uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya.
12. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezakhi zamakhemikhali satholwa nguCarl Shelley, umcwaningi ophambili waseCanada.
13. I-plug nugget enkulu kunazo zonke isisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-7.
14. Usuku Lomhlaba Wonke lwe-Ozone lungo-16 Septhemba.
15. UJoseph Black wathola isikhutha ngo-1754.
16. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-soy sauce, kwenzeka ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali okwenza i-squid ebulewe "idanse" epuletini.
17. I-organic compound skatole ibhekene nephunga lesici lendle.
18. UPyotr Stolypin wenza ukuhlolwa ekhemistry kuDmitry Mendeleev.
19. Ukushintshwa kwento isuka kokuqinile iye esimweni segesi kumakhemikhali ibizwa ngokuthi i-sublimation.
20. Ngaphezu kwe-mercury ekamelweni lokushisa, i-francium ne-gallium idlulela entweni ewuketshezi.
21. Amanzi aqukethe i-methane angabanda emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-20 degrees Celsius.
22. Igesi elula kunazo zonke i-hydrogen.
23. Futhi i-hydrogen iyinto echichima kunayo yonke emhlabeni.
24. ILithium ibhekwa njengenye yezinsimbi ezilula kunazo zonke.
25. Ebusheni bakhe, uCharles Darwin wayedume ngokuthola amakhemikhali.
26. Ephusheni, uMendeleev wathola uhlelo lwezakhi zamakhemikhali.
27. Inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali aqanjwe ngamagama amazwe.
28. U-anyanisi uqukethe into ebizwa ngokuthi isulfure, edala izinyembezi kubantu.
29. E-Indonesia, abantu bakhipha isulfure ezintabeni-mlilo, okubalethela inzuzo enkulu.
30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibabule sibuye sengezwe kuzimonyo ezenzelwe ukuhlanza isikhumba senkinga.
31. I-Earwax ivikela umuntu kumagciwane ayingozi nakwezincane.
32. Umcwaningi waseFrance uB. Courtois ngo-1811 wathola iodine.
33. Ngaphezu kwamakhulu ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zamakhemikhali avela emizuzwini yonke ebuchosheni bomuntu.
34. Isiliva laziwa ngezinto zalo ezibulala amagciwane, ngakho-ke liyakwazi ukuhlanza amanzi kumagciwane nakwizinto ezincane eziphilayo.
35. UBerzelius uqale wasebenzisa igama elithi "sodium".
36. Insimbi ingaguqulwa kalula ibe yigesi uma ishiswa ibe ama-5 000 degrees Celsius.
37. Ingxenye yesisindo seLanga yi-hydrogen.
38. Cishe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi egolide aqukethe amanzi olwandle.
39. Kwazwakala izinsimbi eziyisikhombisa kuphela.
40. U-Ernest Rutherford waba ngowokuqala ukunikezwa uNobel Prize eKhemistry.
41. I-dihydrogen monoxide iyinxenye yemvula ene-asidi futhi iyingozi kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
42. Ekuqaleni, iplathinamu yayibiza kancane kunesiliva ngenxa yokuthi yayiphinde yakhiwa kabusha.
43. IGeosmin yinto ekhiqizwa ebusweni bomhlaba emva kwemvula, okwenza iphunga elithile.
44. Izakhi zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-ytterbium, yttrium, erbium ne-terbium zaqanjwa ngegama lomuzi waseSweden i-Ytterby.
45. U-Alexander Fleming waqala ukuthola ama-antibiotic.
46. Izinyoni zingasiza ekutholeni ukuvuza kwegesi ngenxa yephunga lokuzenzela lenyama eluhlaza kulo.
47. UCharles Goodyear uqale wasungula injoloba.
48. Kulula ukuthola iqhwa emanzini ashisayo.
49. KuseFinland lapho amanzi ahlanzeke kakhulu emhlabeni.
50. I-Helium ibhekwa njengelula kunazo zonke phakathi kwamagesi ahloniphekile.
51. Ama-emeralds aqukethe i-beryllium.
52. IBoron isetshenziselwa ukupenda okuluhlaza okomlilo.
53. I-nitrogen ingadala ukudideka.
54. UNeon uyakwazi ukukhazimula ngokubomvu uma kudlula umsinga kuwo.
55. Ulwandle luqukethe i-sodium eningi.
56. I-Silicon isetshenziswa kuma-microcircuits ekhompyutha.
57. I-Phosphorus isetshenziselwa ukwenza umentshisi.
58. Chlorine ingadala ukungezwani komzimba nokuphefumula.
59. I-Argon isetshenziswa kuma-bulb.
60. I-Potassium ingasha ngomlilo we-violet.
61. Inani elikhulu le-calcium litholakala emikhiqizweni yobisi.
62. IScandium isetshenziselwa ukwenza amalulwane e-baseball, enza ngcono ukumelana kwawo nomthelela.
63. I-Titanium isetshenziselwa ukudala ubucwebe.
64. IVanadium isetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi iqine.
65. Izimoto ezingandile zazivame ukuhlotshiswa nge-chrome.
66. Imanganizi ingaholela ekudakweni komzimba.
67. Kusetshenziswa i-Cobalt ukwenza ozibuthe.
68. I-Nickel isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi eluhlaza.
69. Ithusi lisebenza njengamanje.
70. Ukwandisa impilo yensimbi, i-zinc iyanezelwa kuyo.
71. Izipuni eziqukethe i-gallium zingancibilika emanzini ashisayo.
72. IGermanium isetshenziswa kumaselula.
73. Into enobuthi yi-arsenic, okuvela kuyo ubuthi bamagundane.
74. I-bromine iyancibilika ekamelweni lokushisa.
75. IStrontium isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza iziqhumane ezibomvu.
76. I-Molybdenum isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamathuluzi anamandla.
77. I-Technetium isetshenziswa ku-X-ray.
78. I-Ruthenium isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ubucwebe.
79. I-Rhodium ine-luster yemvelo enhle ngendlela emangalisayo.
80. Amanye amapende ombala asebenzisa i-cadmium.
81. Indium ingenza umsindo onokhahlo lapho igobile.
82. I-uranium isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izikhali zenuzi.
83. I-Americium isetshenziswa kuma-detectors entuthu.
84. U-Eduard Benedictus waqamba ngengilazi ingilazi engahambisani nomthelela, manje esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
85. URadon uthathwa njengesici esiyivelakancane emkhathini.
86. I-Tungsten inephuzu elibilise kakhulu.
87. IMercury inendawo encibilika kakhulu.
88. I-Argon yatholwa yisazi semvelo saseNgilandi iRelay ngo-1894.
89. Ama-canaries abuzwa ubukhona be-methane emoyeni, ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuvuza kwegesi.
90. Inani elincane le-methanol lingadala ubumpumputhe.
91. I-Cesium ingeyensimbi esebenza kakhulu.
92. I-fluorine iphendula ngenkuthalo cishe nazo zonke izinto.
93. Cishe izakhi zamakhemikhali ezingamashumi amathathu ziyingxenye yomzimba womuntu.
94. Empilweni yansuku zonke, umuntu uvame ukuhlangana nosawoti i-hydrolysis, isibonelo, lapho ewasha izingubo.
95. Amaphethini wombala avela ezindongeni zama-gorges nezinkwali ngenxa yokusabela kwe-oxidation.
96. Akunakwenzeka ukususa amabala emikhiqizweni yamaprotheni emanzini ashisayo.
97. Iqhwa elomile liyindlela eqinile yesikhutha.
98. Uqweqwe lomhlaba luqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lezakhi zamakhemikhali.
99. Ngosizo lwe-carbon dioxide, ezinye izinto eziningi zingatholakala.
100. I-Aluminium ingenye yezinsimbi ezikhanya kakhulu.
Amaqiniso ayi-10 asempilweni yamakhemikhali
1. Impilo kasokhemisi u-Alexander Porfirievich Borodin ayixhumene nje kuphela namakhemikhali, kodwa futhi nomculo.
2. U-Eduard Benedictus - usokhemisi ovela eFrance owathola ngengozi.
3. USemyon Volfkovich wayebandakanyekile ekuhlolweni okuhlobene ne-phosphorus. Lapho esebenza naye, izingubo zakhe zazigcwele ne-phosphorus, ngakho-ke, ebuyela ekhaya sekuhlwile, uprofesa wakhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
4 U-Alexander Fleming wathola ama-antibiotic ngengozi.
5. Usokhemisi odumile uDmitry Mendeleev wayeyingane ye-17 emndenini.
6. I-Carbon dioxide yatholwa usosayensi oyiNgisi uJoseph Priestley.
7. Ubaba omkhulu kaDmitry Mendeleev wayengumpristi.
8. Usokhemisi odumile uSvante Arrhenius wakhuluphala kusukela esemncane.
9.R. UWood, obhekwa njengokhemisi waseMelika, ekuqaleni wayesebenza njengomabhalane waselebhu.
10. Incwadi yokuqala yaseRussia "i-Organic Chemistry" yadalwa nguDmitry Mendeleev ngo-1861.
