IHagia Sophia iyithempeli lezinkolo ezimbili zomhlaba kanye nesinye sezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Kwaphela amakhulu ayishumi nanhlanu eminyaka, iHagia Sophia yayiyindawo yokugcina eyinhloko yemibuso emibili emikhulu - iByzantine ne-Ottoman, idlule ezindaweni ezinzima zomlando wazo. Ngemuva kokuthola isikhundla semnyuziyamu ngo-1935, sekuwuphawu lweTurkey entsha eqale indlela yezwe yentuthuko.
Umlando wokudalwa kukaHagia Sophia
Ekhulwini IV IV A.D. e. umbusi omkhulu uConstantine wakha isonto lobuKristu endaweni yesigcawu semakethe. Eminyakeni eminingana kamuva, lesi sakhiwo sabhujiswa ngomlilo. Endaweni yomlilo, kwakhiwa isonto lesibili, elahlangabezana nesehlakalo esifanayo. Ngo-532, umbusi uJustinian waqala ukwakha ithempeli elikhulu, elilingana nesintu elalingazi, ukuze kukhazinyuliswe igama leNkosi ingunaphakade.
Abakhi bezakhiwo ababedlula bonke ngaleso sikhathi babeqondisa abasebenzi abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Imabula, igolide, izinyo lendlovu lokuhlobisa iHagia Sophia zilethwe kuwo wonke umbuso. Ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane ngendlela engakaze ibonwe, kwathi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ngo-537, lesi sakhiwo sangcweliswa nguMbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uHagia Sophia wabhekana nokuzamazama komhlaba okuningana - okwenzeka okokuqala ngemuva nje kokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa futhi kwadala umonakalo omkhulu. Ngo-989, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaholela ekuweni kwedome le-cathedral, elasheshe labuyiselwa.
I-Mosque yezinkolo ezimbili
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-900 uHagia Sophia eyisonto eliyinhloko lamaKristu eMbusweni waseByzantium. Kulapha ngo-1054 lapho kwenzeka khona izehlakalo ezahlukanisa isonto laba yi-Orthodox namaKatolika.
Kusukela ngo-1209 kuya ku-1261, ithempeli eliyinhloko lamaKristu obu-Orthodox lalisemandleni amaKhatholika enkolo yamaKatolika, awaphanga futhi ahambisa e-Italy izinsalela eziningi ezigcinwe lapha.
NgoMeyi 28, 1453, inkonzo yokugcina yamaKhristu emlandweni weHagia Sophia yenzeka lapha, kwathi ngakusasa uConstantinople wahlaselwa ngamabutho kaSultan Mehmed II, futhi ithempeli lakhe laguqulwa laba yisonto lamaSulumane ngomyalo wakhe.
Kuphela ngekhulu lama-XX, lapho isinqumo se-Ataturk, uHagia Sophia siguqulwa saba imnyuziyamu, ibhalansi yabuyiselwa.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngeKazhedral Cathedral.
IHagia Sophia iyisakhiwo senkolo esiyingqayizivele, lapho amafresco abonisa abangcwele abangamaKristu behambisana nama-suras avela eKoran abhalwe emibuthanweni emikhulu emnyama, futhi ama-minarets azungeze lesi sakhiwo, esakhiwe ngesitayela esivamile samasonto aseByzantium.
Izakhiwo kanye nomhlobiso wangaphakathi
Asikho nesisodwa isithombe esingadlulisa ubukhulu nobuhle obugqamile bukaHagia Sophia. Kepha isakhiwo samanje sehlukile kokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni: idome laphinde lakhiwa kaningi, futhi ngesikhathi samaSulumane kwanezelwa izakhiwo eziningana nezakhiwo ezine.
Ukubukeka kwangempela kwethempeli kufana ngokuphelele nezindatshana zesitayela saseByzantium. Ngaphakathi kwethempeli kukhulu ngosayizi kunangaphandle. Uhlelo olukhulu lwe-dome luqukethe idome enkulu efinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-55 ukuphakama kanye nophahla oluningi lwe-hemispherical. Ama-aisles ohlangothini ahlukaniswe nendawo ephakathi nendawo ngamakholamu we-malachite kanye ne-porphyry, athathwe emathempelini obuqaba emadolobheni asendulo.
Ama-fresco amaningana nemidwebo emangalisayo yamatshe isindile kusukela ekuhlobiseni kwe-Byzantine kuze kube namuhla. Phakathi neminyaka lapho i-mosque yayikhona lapha, izindonga zazimbozwe ngopulasitela, futhi ungqimba lwalo olugqinsiwe luye lwagcina lobu buciko kuze kube namuhla. Uma uzibuka, ungacabanga ukuthi umhlobiso wawumuhle kanjani ngezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu. Izinguquko esikhathini se-Ottoman, ngaphandle kwama-minarets, zifaka i-mihrab, imabula yemabula nombhede kaSultan ohlotshiswe ngokucebile.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Ngokuphikisana nenkolelo evamile, ithempeli aliqanjwanga ngoSophia oNgcwele, kepha linikezelwe ubuhlakani bukaNkulunkulu (“sophia” kusho “ukuhlakanipha” ngesiGreki).
- Amangcwaba amaningana amaSultan nabafazi bawo atholakala endaweni kaHagia Sophia. Phakathi kwalabo abangcwatshwe emathuneni, kunezingane eziningi ezaba yizisulu zomzabalazo onamandla wokulandela ubukhosi, okwakujwayelekile ngalezo zikhathi.
- Kukholakala ukuthi indwangu yaseTurin yagcinwa eSophia Cathedral kwaze kwaba yimpango yethempeli ngekhulu le-13.
Imininingwane ewusizo: ungafika kanjani emnyuziyamu
IHagia Sophia itholakala esifundeni esidala kunazo zonke e-Istanbul, lapho kunezindawo eziningi zomlando - iBlue Mosque, iCistern, iTopkapi. Lesi yisakhiwo esibaluleke kunazo zonke edolobheni, hhayi ama-Istanbulite omdabu kuphela, kepha nanoma yisiphi isivakashi esizokutshela ukuthi ungafika kanjani emnyuziyamu. Ungafika lapho ngezithuthi zomphakathi kulayini we-T1 tram (isitophu seSultanahmet).
Umnyuziyamu uvulwa ngo-9: 00 kuye ku-19: 00, futhi kusukela ngo-Okthoba 25 kuya ku-Ephreli 14 - kuze kube ngu-17: 00. UMsombuluko usuku lokuphumula. Kuhlale kunolayini omude ebhokisini lehhovisi, ngakho-ke udinga ukufika kusengaphambili, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zasebusuku: ukuthengiswa kwamathikithi kumisa ihora ngaphambi kokuvala. Ungathenga ithikithi le-e kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeHagia Sophia. Ukungena kubiza ama-liras angama-40.
