ISuzdal Kremlin iyinhliziyo yedolobha lasendulo, indawo yayo yokuzalwa kanye nesiqalo somlando weSuzdal. Igcina ngemuva kwezindonga ezinamandla ukukhumbula izehlakalo ezibalulekile emlandweni waseRussia, izimfihlo eziningi nezimfihlakalo, lapho izizukulwane zezazi-mlando bezisebenza ukuxazulula. Inani lobuciko nomlando weqembu laseKremlin eSuzdal laziwa njengegugu lesiko laseRussia ne-UNESCO. ICentral Kremlin Street, efana "nomshini wesikhathi", ivulela indlela izivakashi ezikhathini zakudala zaseRussia.
Ukuhambela emlandweni weSuzdal Kremlin
Egqumeni elisezindongeni zoMfula iKamyanka, lapho isakhiwo semnyuziyamu "iSuzdal Kremlin" sivela khona namhlanje enkazimulweni yaso yonke, idolobha laseSuzdal lazalwa ngekhulu le-10. Ngokwencazelo evela emlandweni, ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XI-XII, izinqaba zobumba zenqaba zazakhiwe lapha ngocingo oluphakeme lwengodo olukhuphuka kuzo, zaqedwa ngothango lwamapiki lwezigxobo zokhuni ezicijile. Kwakunemibhoshongo namasango amathathu eceleni komngcele wodonga lwenqaba.
Izithombe ezindala zikhombisa izindonga zenqaba ezizungezwe yimisele enamanzi ezinhlangothini ezintathu - eningizimu, entshonalanga nasempumalanga. Ndawonye nomfula, ovikelekile kusuka enyakatho, bavimba indlela yezitha. Kusukela ngekhulu le-13 kuya kwele-17, isonto lombhishobhi, izakhiwo zezindawo zokuhlala isikhulu nombhishobhi, izakhiwo zamalungu enkosana nezinceku, amasonto amaningana, insimbi yensimbi nezakhiwo eziningi ezingaphandle zakhula ngemuva kodonga lwenqaba.
Umlilo ngo-1719 wacekela phansi zonke izakhiwo zamapulangwe zaseKremlin, kwaze kwaba sezindongeni zenqaba. Izikhumbuzo ezilondoloziwe zokwakhiwa kweRussia, ezakhiwe ngamatshe, namuhla ezivela phambi kwabantu bonke enkazimulweni yabo. Ukubukwa okuphezulu kweSuzdal Kremlin shazi kuveza konke okukukhangayo, okuhlanganiswe ngokumangazayo nezwe elizungezile.
ICathhedral Yokuzalwa KukaJesu
ICathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin, eyaqala ngonyaka ka-1225, iyisakhiwo samatshe esidala kunazo zonke endaweni yaseKremlin. Lakhiwa ezisekelweni zebandla lamatshe eliyinsika eyodwa eliwile elakhiwa ngaphansi kukaVladimir Monomakh ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11. Umzukulu ka-Yuri Dolgoruky, iNkosana uGeorgy Vsevolodovich, wakha itshe elinamakhosi amahlanu anikezelwe ukuzalwa kweVirgin.
Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengesibhakabhaka, izindlu zetshe lesonto lombhishobhi zigcwele izinkanyezi zegolide. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, ukubukeka kwe-facade kushintshile. Ingxenye engezansi yesonto lombhishobhi, elihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yamatshe, amakhanda ezingonyama aqoshwe ematsheni, izifihla-buso zabesifazane ezingxenyeni zemihlobiso ebanzi, igcinwe kusukela ngekhulu le-13. Izitini zekhulu le-16 ziyabonakala ngemuva kwebhande le-arcature.
Izithombe ezingaphakathi kwesonto lombhishobhi zihlaba umxhwele ngemidwebo egcinwe kusukela ngekhulu le-13 ezindongeni, imihlobiso yezimbali eminyango, izitsha ezinekhono, isithonjana segolide esivulekile esinezimpawu zabangcwele.
Amasango aseningizimu nasentshonalanga "amasango egolide" ayigugu langempela. Zigundwa ngamashidi obhedu obomvu anamaphethini acwebezelayo, imidwebo eqoshiwe eveza izigcawu ezivela eVangelini kanye neziqephu zezenzo zengelosi enkulu uMichael, oxhasa imikhankaso yempi yenkosana. Amasango avulwa ngezibambo zasendulo ezinkulu ngendlela yamasongo, afakwa emilonyeni yamakhanda ezingonyama, anenani lomlando nobuciko.
Lokuzalwa KukaJesu Kuthakazelisa nge-necropolis yabantu abadumile base-Ancient Rus - amadodana ka-Yuri Dolgoruky, ababhishobhi, izikhulu ezivela ebukhosini baseShuisky nezinsizwa eziphezulu.
I-Cathedral bell tower
ICathhedral Cathedral ine-octahedral bell tower enetende elihle. I-belfry, eyakhiwe ngamatshe ngo-1635, yahlala isakhiwo eside kunazo zonke edolobheni isikhathi eside. Okuphezulu kwe-octahedron kudonsela ukunaka ngohlobo lwama-chime arches nama-chimes wekhulu le-17. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, kwakhiwa isonto ngaphakathi kombhoshongo wensimbi, lixhunywe ngegalari namapaseji anezakhiwo zamakamelo obubhishobhi.
Sincoma ukubheka iTula Kremlin.
Namuhla, ngaphakathi kwebhande lasendulo, kungenzeka ukubona ukuphela kombhede wezwe waseJordani wangekhulu le-17.
Ngokhuni Nikolskaya Church
Isonto lamapulangwe iNikolsky lekhulu le-18, elakhiwe njengendlwana yasemaphandleni futhi lasuka edolobhaneni laseGlotovo, esifundeni saseYuryev-Polsky, lilingana kahle nesakhiwo seSuzdal Kremlin. Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile sesonto, esakhiwe ngezingodo ngaphandle kwesipikili esisodwa, sivusa intshisekelo yezivakashi. Izithombe zikhombisa ukubukeka kwayo okuncane - ukulingana okucacile kwamakamelo egogo, uphahla oluqoshiwe oluqoshiwe ngokucophelela kanye negilobhu elibucayi lokhuni elifakwe isiphambano. Igalari evulekile izungeze isonto ezinhlangothini ezintathu.
Isibonelo esiyingqayizivele sokwakhiwa kweRussia sifakwe esigcawini seNkantolo Yababhishobhi, lapho kwakumi khona iSonto lamapulangwe i-All Saints, elashiswa ngomlilo ngekhulu le-18. Namuhla iNikolsky Cathedral ngumbukiso weSuzdal Museum of Wooden Architecture. Ukuhlolwa kwayo kwangaphandle kufakiwe ohlelweni lokuvakashela izindawo zaseKremlin.
Isonto lasehlobo i-Nikolskaya
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-17, kwakhiwa isonto lasehlobo lokuhlonipha uSt. Nicholas the Wonderworker eduze kwaseNikolskie Gates elibheke emfuleni iKamenka. Ithempeli elilawulwa ngeso elilodwa lesimo se-cuboid ligcwaliswa nge-dome emise isigqoko ngesiphambano. Ngaphansi kwekhiyubhu, amakhona asikiwe ngama-semi-columns. Unxantathu wamakhothamo anezinsika kuholela ethempelini. I-quadrangle yesibili inqunywe ngabahloli be-oblong. Ukusuka lapho kuphakama umbhoshongo wensimbi ka-octahedral onama-pilasters emakhoneni nasemigqeni emithathu yezimpawu zokuhlobisa ze-facade - semicircular kanye ne-octahedral. Ngemuva kwazo kukhona imengamo yombhoshongo webell, ozungezwe yi-cornice ngaphezulu, ehlotshiswe ngebhande lamathayili aluhlaza okotshani. Ukuphela kombhoshongo wensimbi yitende lokuqala le-concave elinamawindi azungezile. Amakhosi akwaSuzdal abize leli fomu letende ngokuthi ipayipi.
Ukuzalwa KukaKristu Church
I-Winter Nativity of Christ Church itholakala ohlangothini olusempumalanga yeSuzdal Kremlin eduze kweNikolskaya Church, eqedela isakhiwo sendabuko se-Orthodoxy yamasonto amabili enkathi ethile. I-Nativity of Christ Church yakhiwa ngo-1775 ngezitini. Kuyisakhiwo esikhulu esine-pentahedral apse enamathiselwe, indawo yokubambela kanye ne-vestibule.
Uphahla lwezintambo lwaba yisembozo sesonto eliyinhloko nendawo yokubusa. Umvuthwandaba waso kwakuyisigubhu esiqoshiwe esifakwe u-anyanisi onesiphambano. Ama-facade esonto ahlukaniswa umhlobiso onekhono wama-pilasters, ama-cornices nama-fryezes. Amafasitela e-arched ahlotshiswe ngozimele bamatshe bokuhlobisa, futhi enyaweni yompheme, umdwebo wasendulo ophathelene nokuzalwa kukaKristu uheha ukunakwa.
ISonto Lokwenyuka KweNtombi Ezibusisiwe
I-Assumption Church yangekhulu le-17 itholakala eduze kwamasango asenyakatho yeKremlin, ngaphambili ayebizwa nge-Ilyinsky. Yakhiwa ngamakhosana akwaSuzdal esizeni sesonto elenziwe ngomuthi ngezigaba ezimbili, okuthinte ukwakhiwa.
Ingxenye engezansi iwunxantathu onamafasitela wozimele wekhulu le-17. Ingxenye engenhla iyi-octagon, enama-platbands emafasiteleni ngendlela yama-curls wokuvunguza anendilinga enkabeni. Ukuhlobisa okunjalo kuyisikhathi sePetrine - ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-18. Ithempeli liphothulwa isigubhu esiyingqayizivele esinezitezi ezimbili esinomthamo oluhlaza okotshani ogcwele idome elincane elinesiphambano. Izingubo ezingaphambili zesonto zigqame ngokubomvu okukhanyayo, okusethwe ngama-pilasters amhlophe nama-platbands, okunikeza ukubukeka komkhosi nobuhle.
Eduze kunombhoshongo obuyiselwe ophahleni lwensimbi obuyiselwe. Uma sibheka ukuthi ubumbano lokwakhiwa kweSonto Lokwenyuka KweNtombi Ezibusisiwe uMariya lubukeka kanjani, sithola izici zesitayela seBaroque saseMoscow, esingajwayelekile kuSuzdal. Ingaphakathi linentshisekelo nge-iconostasis enezitezi ezinhlanu ebuyisiwe enemidwebo yesimanje. Kusukela ngo-2015, izinsalela zeSt. Arseny yaseSuzdal zigcinwe lapha, zisiza ukwelapha izifo zobuntwana.
Amakamelo ababhishobhi
Uhlangothi olusentshonalanga lweSuzdal Kremlin luhlala eNkantolo Yombhishobhi enezakhiwo zokuhlala nezokusiza zekhulu le-17, zihlanganiswe yimipheme embozwe, inethiwekhi yamaphaseji nezitebhisi eziyimfihlo. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yiCross Chamber, okwakuhloselwe ukwamukela izivakashi ezisezinsukwini zakudala. Izindonga zawo zilenga ngemifanekiso yamakhosi nabefundisi abaphezulu. Isihlalo sobukhosi sombhishobhi esenziwe ngobuciko, izitofu ezenziwe ngamathayili, ifenisha yesonto nezitsha ziyathandwa. Ukufika kumaChamber Chambers, ungasebenzisa umnyango omkhulu oseduze nengosi esentshonalanga yeNatal Cathedral.
Namuhla, emakamelweni ayi-9 e-Bishops 'Chambers, kwethulwa imibukiso yomlando weSuzdal, ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwezikhathi kusukela ngekhulu le-XII kuze kube namuhla. Ohambweni, baxoxa izindaba ezithokozisayo ngokuthi ngubani owayehlala eSuzdal naseKremlin. ENkantolo Yababhishobhi, kuyakhanga ukwakhiwa kweSonto Lokubikezela elinendawo yokugcina izizumbulu, okwenziwe kabusha ekubonakaleni kwekhulu le-16. Ethempelini ungabona izithonjana ezingama-56 ezingavamile zekhulu le-15 - 17th futhi ufunde izindaba ezimnandi zezindela zaseVladimir-Suzdal.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngeSuzdal Kremlin
- Indawo lapho kwakhiwa khona izakhiwo zaseKremlin yaqale yakhulunywa ngemibhalo eqala ngonyaka ka-1024.
- Izindunduma zobumba zaseKremlin sezimi kusukela ngesikhathi sikaVladimir Monomakh ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe "gorodnya", okuyisakhiwo sangaphakathi esenziwe ngokhuni, esilungiswa ngobumba oluvela nhlangothi zonke.
- Isisekelo sehholo eliseCross Chamber lokwamukela izivakashi lingamamitha ayi-9 ukuphakama futhi linendawo engaphezu kwamamitha-skwele angama-300, elakhiwe ngaphandle kwensika eyodwa.
- On the dial of chimes of cathedral bell tower azikho izinombolo, kepha amakepisi asetshenziswayo asetshenziswa ngokwesiko lakudala lesiSlavonic, ngaphandle kwencwadi "B", ebeka uNkulunkulu uqobo.
- Izifunda zimenyezelwa ngama-chimes njalo ngekota yehora. Umsebenzi wewashi wawuqashwe ngabasebenzi ababizwa ngabenzi bamawashi.
- Izinkanyezi zegolide ezingama-365 zisakazeke phezu kwedome le-Nativity Cathedral, okufanekisela izinsuku zonyaka.
- Ukwakhiwa kweqoqo lamaBishops 'Chambers kudlule amakhulu amahlanu eminyaka.
- Ngo-2008, izinto zomlando zaseKremlin zaba yindawo yokubamba ifilimu ethi "Tsar" ngumqondisi uLungin.
- Isonto lamapulangwe iNikolskaya lakhethwa ukuqopha isiqephu somshado ekuguquleni ifilimu indaba kaPushkin "Isivunguvungu seqhwa".
Imininingwane yezivakashi
Amahora wokuvula weSuzdal Kremlin:
- Kuvulwe ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu kusuka ngo-9: 00 kuye ku-19: 00, ngoMgqibelo kuze kube ngu-20: 00, kuvalwe ngoLwesibili nangoLwesihlanu olwedlule enyangeni.
- Ukuhlolwa kokuvezwa kwemnyuziyamu kuyenziwa: ngoMsombuluko, ngoLwesithathu - ngoLwesihlanu, ngeSonto - kusuka ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-18: 00, ngoMgqibelo kuyaqhutshwa kuze kube ngu-19: 00.
Izindleko zokuvakasha kweminyuziyamu ngethikithi elilodwa ngama-ruble angama-350, kubafundi, abafundi kanye nabahola impesheni - ama-ruble angama-200. Amathikithi okuzulazula eSuzdal Kremlin abiza ama-ruble angama-50 kubantu abadala nama-ruble angama-30 ezingane.
Ikheli laseKremlin: isifunda saseVladimir, eSuzdal, st. IKremlin, eyi-12.
