UKonstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (1911-1985) - Iqembu laseSoviet kanye nezombusazwe. UNobhala Jikelele weKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU kusuka ngoFebhuwari 13, 1984 kuya kuMashi 10, 1985, uSihlalo wePresidium yeSuper Soviet yaseUSSR, ilungu leCPSU (b) kanye neKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU, ilungu lePolitburo leCPSU Central Committee. Umholi we-USSR esikhathini 1984-1985.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography yeChernenko, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho umlando omfushane kaKonstantin Chernenko.
Umlando weChernenko
UKonstantin Chernenko wazalwa ngoSepthemba 11 (24), 1911 edolobhaneni laseBolshaya Tes (esifundazweni saseYenisei). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emkhayeni wabantu abampofu. Uyise, Ustin Demidovich, wasebenza ngethusi bese ezimayini zegolide. Umama, uHaritina Fedorovna, wayehlanganyela kwezolimo.
Inhloko yesikhathi esizayo ye-USSR yayinodadewabo, uValentina, nabafowabo ababili, uNikolai noSidor. Inhlekelele yokuqala ku-biography yaseChernenko yenzeke eneminyaka engu-8, lapho umama wakhe ebulawa yi-typhus. Mayelana nalokhu, inhloko yomndeni yashada futhi.
Zonke lezi zingane zazinobudlelwano obubi nosingamama wazo, ngakho-ke kwakuvame ukuvela izingxabano emndenini. Ngiseyingane, uKonstantin waphumelela esikoleni seminyaka emithathu yentsha yasemakhaya. Ekuqaleni, wayeyiphayona, futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-14 waba yilungu laseKomsomol.
Ngo-1931, uChernenko wabizelwa inkonzo, ayesebenza esifundeni somngcele ophakathi kweKazakhstan neChina. Isosha labamba iqhaza ekubhujisweni kweqembu likaBatyr Bekmuratov, futhi lajoyina ne-CPSU (b). Wabe ephathiswe isikhundla sokuba unobhala wenhlangano yeqembu lamasosha emingcele.
Ezombusazwe
Ngemuva kokukhubazeka, uKonstantin waqokwa njengenhloko yendlu yesifunda yemfundo yeqembu eKrasnoyarsk. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wahola umnyango womkhankaso ezindaweni zaseNovoselovsky nase-Uyarsky.
Eminyakeni engama-30 ubudala, uChernenko wahola iqembu lamaKhomanisi eKrasnoyarsk Territory. Ekuphakameni kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945), wafunda iminyaka emibili e-Higher School of Party Organisers.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-biographies uKonstantin Chernenko anikezwa umsebenzi ekomidini lesifunda lesifunda sasePenza. Ngo-1948 waba yinhloko yomnyango we-propaganda weCentral Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, le ndoda yahlangana noLeonid Brezhnev. Ngokushesha, ubungani obuqinile benziwa phakathi kosopolitiki, okwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempilo yabo.
Ngo-1953, uKonstantin Ustinovich waphumelela eKishinev Pedagogical Institute, waba nguthisha womlando. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu wathunyelwa eMoscow, lapho ahola khona umnyango wezinkulumo-ze zeCentral Committee yeCPSU.
UChernenko wabhekana ngokuphelele nemisebenzi ayiphathisiwe, ngenxa yalokho waba isisebenzi esibalulekile kuBrezhnev. U-Leonid Ilyich wavuza umsizi wakhe futhi wamkhuphula isitebhisi seqembu. Kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1965, uKonstantin wayeyinhloko ye-Secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ye-USSR.
Ngemuva kwalokho le ndoda yamiswa njengenhloko yoMnyango Jikelele weQembu lamaKhomanisi (1965-1982). Lapho ngo-1966 uBrezhnev ekhethwa njengoNobhala Jikelele weSoviet Union, uChernenko waba yisandla sakhe sokudla. Ngo-1978 uKonstantin Ustinovich waba yilungu lePolitburo yeKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU.
UChernenko uhambisane noLeonid Brezhnev ohambweni lwaphesheya, ejabulela ukuzethemba okukhulu kumholi waseSoviet. UNobhala Jikelele uxazulule zonke izingqinamba ezibucayi noConstantine wabe esethatha izinqumo zokugcina.
Ngalesi sizathu, ozakwabo bakaChernenko baqala ukumbiza ngokuthi "ukuvelela okumpunga", ngoba waba nomthelela omkhulu kuBrezhnev. Ezithombeni eziningi, osopolitiki bangabonakala eceleni komunye nomunye.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-70 impilo kaLeonid Ilyich yawohloka kakhulu, futhi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uKonstantin Chernenko uzoba ngumlandeli wakhe. Kodwa-ke, owokugcina weluleka uYuri Andropov ngendima yenhloko yezwe. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho uBrezhnev eshona ngo-1982, u-Andropov waba yinhloko entsha yezwe.
Kodwa-ke, impilo yombusi owayesanda kukhethwa yasala ingathandeki. U-Andropov wabusa i-USSR iminyaka embalwa nje, ngemuva kwalokho wonke amandla adluliselwa ezandleni zikaKonstantin Chernenko, ngaleso sikhathi owayeseneminyaka engama-72 ubudala.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngesikhathi ekhethwa njengoNobhala-Jikelele, uChernenko wayegula kakhulu futhi ebukeka njengomuntu ophakathi nendawo emncintiswaneni wokuba ngusihlalo wenhloko ye-USSR. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngenxa yokugula njalo, eminye imihlangano yePolitburo yeKomidi Elikhulu leCPSU ibibanjelwa ezibhedlela.
UKonstantin Ustinovich ubuse umbuso isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ongu-1, kodwa wakwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo. Ngaphansi kwakhe, kwethulwe ngokusemthethweni usuku lweLwazi, olugujwa namhlanje ngoSepthemba 1. Ngokwethula kwakhe, kwaqala ukwenziwa kohlelo olubanzi lwezinguquko kwezomnotho.
Ngaphansi kweChernenko kwaba nokuhlangana kabusha neChina neSpain, kanti ubudlelwano ne-United States babusalokhu bushubile kakhulu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uNobhala-Jikelele wethule umkhawulo emisebenzini yomculo we-amateur ngaphakathi ezweni, ngoba wabona ukuthi umculo we-rock waphesheya uyithinta kanjani kabi intsha.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala wezombusazwe kwakunguFaina Vasilievna, ahlala naye iminyaka eminingana. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana waba nomfana u-Albert nentombazane uLidiya.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uChernenko washada no-Anna Lyubimova. Kamuva, lo mbhangqwana waba nendodana, uVladimir, namadodakazi amabili, uVera no-Elena. U-Anna wayevame ukunikeza umyeni wakhe izeluleko ezibalulekile. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kwaba yena waba nesandla ebunganeni bakhe noBrezhnev.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngo-2015 imibhalo yenziwa yadalulwa ukuthi uChernenko wayengenamakhosikazi ama-2, kepha okuningi kakhulu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ezinye zazo wazishiya nezingane.
Ukufa
UKonstantin Chernenko ushone ngoMashi 10, 1985 eneminyaka engama-73. Imbangela yokushona kwakhe ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo, ngemuva kwesimo sokuhluleka kwezinso nezamaphaphu. UMikhail Gorbachev wakhethwa esikhundleni sakhe ngosuku olulandelayo.
Izithombe zeChernenko
