Umkhathi womhlaba uhlukile hhayi ekubunjweni kwawo kuphela, kepha futhi ngokubaluleka kwawo ekubukekeni kweplanethi kanye nasekugcinweni kwempilo. Umkhathi uqukethe umoya-mpilo odingekayo ukuze uphefumule, ugcine futhi usakaze kabusha ukushisa, futhi usebenza njengesihlangu esithembekile emisebeni eyingozi yendawo yonke nasemizimbeni emincane yasezulwini. Ngenxa yomkhathi, sibona uthingo nama-aurora, sibabaza ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga okuhle, sijabulela ilanga eliphephile namathafa eqhwa. Umthelela womkhathi emhlabeni wethu unezici eziningi futhi uhlanganisa konke ukuthi ukucabanga okungaqondakali mayelana nokuthi bekuzokwenzekani ukube bekungekho mkhathi akunangqondo - kulokhu ngabe akukho lutho. Esikhundleni sezinto eziqanjiwe, kungcono ukujwayelana nezinye zezinto ezisemkhathini womhlaba.
1. Lapho umkhathi uqala khona, kuyaziwa - lokhu kungubuso bomhlaba. Kepha lapho kugcina khona, umuntu angaphikisana. Ama-molecule omoya nawo atholakala ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-1 000. Kodwa-ke, isibalo esamukelwa ngokwengeziwe singamakhilomitha ayi-100 - kulokhu kuphakama, umoya mncane kangangokuba izindiza ezisebenzisa amandla okuphakamisa umoya azinakwenzeka.
2. U-4/5 wesisindo somkhathi kanye no-90% womhwamuko wamanzi oqukethwe kuwo use-troposphere - ingxenye yomkhathi etholakala ngqo ebusweni bomhlaba. Sekukonke, umkhathi uhlukaniswe waba izingqimba ezinhlanu.
3. Ama-Auroras angukushayisana kwezinhlayiya zomoya welanga nama-ion atholakala ku-thermosphere (ungqimba lwesine lwemvilophu yegesi yomhlaba) endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-80.
4. Ama-ion ezingqimba ezingenhla zomkhathi, ngaphezu kokuboniswa kwe-aurora borealis, adlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokufika kweziphuphutheki, ukuxhumana komsakazo okuzinzile kwanikezwa kuphela ngemibono eminingi yamagagasi omsakazo (ngaphezu kwalokho, angaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 ubude) kusuka e-ionosphere nasemhlabeni.
5. Uma ucindezela ngokwengqondo wonke umkhathi ekucindezelekeni okujwayelekile ebusweni bomhlaba, ukuphakama kwemvilophu enjalo yegesi ngeke kweqe ku-8 km.
6. Ukwakheka komkhathi kuyashintsha. Isungulwe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,5 edlule, yayiqukethe kakhulu i-helium ne-hydrogen. Kancane kancane amagesi asindayo awafaka emkhathini, futhi i-ammonia, umusi wamanzi, i-methane ne-carbon dioxide kwaqala ukwakha isisekelo somkhathi. Umkhathi wanamuhla wakhiwa ngokugcwala kwawo nge-oxygen, ekhishwa yizinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi ephakeme.
7. Ukuhlungwa komoya-mpilo emoyeni kushintsha ngokuphakama. Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ama-5, isabelo salo somoya sincipha isikhathi esisodwa nohhafu, endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayi-10 - kane kusuka kokujwayelekile ebusweni beplanethi.
8. Amagciwane atholakala emkhathini ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-15 km. Ukondla ekuphakameni okunjalo, zinokudla okwanele okwanele ngokwakhiwa komoya wasemkhathini.
9. Isibhakabhaka asiwushintshi umbala waso. Ngokweqiniso, ayinayo nhlobo - umoya ubala. Kuphela i-engela yokuvela kwemisebe yelanga nobude begagasi lokukhanya elihlakazeke ngezakhi zomkhathi eziguqukayo. Isibhakabhaka esibomvu kusihlwa noma entathakusa kungumphumela wezinhlayiyana zezinto namaconsi amanzi asemkhathini. Basakaza imisebe yelanga, futhi uma kufushane ubude bamaza okukhanya, ukusakazeka kunamandla ngokwengeziwe. Ilambu elibomvu linobude obude kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho udlula emkhathini noma nge-engeli ecekeceke kakhulu, usakazeke kancane kunabanye.
10. Cishe imvelo efanayo nothingo lwenkosazana. Kulesi simo kuphela, imisebe ekhanyayo ikhonjisiwe futhi ihlakazeke ngokulinganayo, futhi ubude bemitha buthinta i-angle ehlakazekayo. Ilambu elibomvu lihlehlela emuva ngama-degree ayi-137.5, ne-violet - ngo-139. Lawa ma-degree elilodwa nohhafu anele ukusikhombisa isimo esihle semvelo futhi asenze sikhumbule ukuthi wonke umzingeli ufunani. Umucu ophezulu wothingo luhlala lubomvu kanti ngezansi kunombala onsomi.
11. Ubukhona bomkhathi weplanethi yethu abwenzi uMhlaba uhluke kwezinye izindikimba zasezulwini (ohlelweni lweSolar, imvilophu yegesi ayikho kuphela eseduze neSun Mercury). Ubungqayizivele bomhlaba bukhona lapho kunenqwaba yomoya-mpilo wamahhala emkhathini kanye nokugcwaliswa okungapheli kwemvilophi yegesi yomhlaba ene-oxygen. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inani elikhulu lezinqubo eMhlabeni zenzeka ngokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo komoya-mpilo, kusuka emlilweni nasekuphefumuleni kuya ekuboliseni ukudla nasezipikili ezigqwalayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuminyana komoya-mpilo osemkhathini kuhlala kungazinzile.
12. Ukweqiwa kwezindiza zezindiza kungasetshenziswa ukubikezela isimo sezulu. Uma indiza ishiya umugqa omhlophe ocacile, ochazwe kahle, khona-ke kungenzeka line. Uma lo contrail esobala futhi engacaci, uzokoma. Konke kumayelana nenani lomhwamuko wamanzi osemkhathini. Yibo labo, ngokuxuba ne-injini yokukhipha injini, benza umkhondo omhlophe. Uma kunomphunga wamanzi omningi, i-contrail iyaqina futhi amathuba emvula aphezulu.
13. Ukuba khona komkhathi kuthambisa kakhulu isimo sezulu. Kumaplanethi angenawo umkhathi, umehluko phakathi kwamazinga okushisa ebusuku nasemini ufinyelela amashumi namakhulu ama-degree. Emhlabeni, lokhu kwehluka akunakwenzeka ngenxa yomkhathi.
14. Umkhathi usebenza futhi njengesihlangu esithembekile emisebeni ye-cosmic kanye nokuqina okuvela emkhathini. Ubuningi bama-meteorite abufiki ebusweni beplanethi yethu, bushe ezingqimbeni eziphezulu zomkhathi.
15. Isisho esingafundile ngokuphelele esithi "ozone hole in the atmosphere" savela ngo-1985. Ososayensi baseBrithani bathole imbobo engqimbeni ye-ozone yomkhathi. Ungqimba lwe-ozone lusivikela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet enokhahlo, ngakho-ke umphakathi washaya i-alamu ngokushesha. Ukuvela komgodi kwachazwa ngokushesha ngomsebenzi wabantu. Umlayezo wokuthi lo mgodi (otholakala ngaphezulu kwe-Antarctica) uvela minyaka yonke izinyanga ezinhlanu, bese uyanyamalala, awuzange unakwe. Imiphumela ebonakalayo yokulwa nomgodi we-ozone kwaba ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwama-freon eziqandisini, ama-air conditioner nama-aerosols kanye nokwehla okuncane ngosayizi womgodi we-ozone.
