Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isimo sezinguquko emhlabeni wonke sasisesimeni somhlaba. Ukuqalwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuvelele, ukutholwa kwesayensi, imisebenzi yamasiko kubonakala ngathi ithi: umhlaba kufanele ushintshe. Abantu besiko babenombono wezinguquko ezicashile kakhulu. Abathuthuke kakhulu kubo bazama ukugibela igagasi ebelivele lingenisa. Benze izinkomba ezintsha nezinkolelo-mbono, bathuthukisa amafomu amasha okuveza izinto futhi bafuna ukwenza ubuciko obukhulu. Kubonakale sengathi cishe nje, futhi isintu sizokhuphukela ezingeni eliphezulu lokuchuma, sigqashule emaketangeni obuphofu nasemzabalazweni ongapheli wocezu lwesinkwa ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, nasezingeni lamazwe nezizwe. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngisho nalabo abanethemba eliqaphe kakhulu ngabe babecabanga ukuthi lokhu kukhuphuka kwamandla wamasiko kuzothweswa isicoco senyama esibi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
Kwezomculo, omunye wabaqambi abasezingeni lomhlaba wayengumqambi waseRussia u-Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (1872 - 1915). Akagcinanga nje ngokwenza umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zomculo ezizwakalayo futhi wadala imisebenzi eminingana yomculo emangalisayo. UScriabin wayengowokuqala ukucabanga ngefilosofi yomculo nangokuxhumana kwawo kobunye ubuciko. Eqinisweni, kwakunguScriabin okufanele abhekwe njengomsunguli wokuhambisana kombala nemisebenzi yomculo. Ngaphandle kwamathuba amancane okuhambisana nalokhu okwenzeka ngesikhathi sakhe, uScriabin wabikezela ngokuzethemba umphumela wokusebenzisana wethonya lomculo kanye nombala ngasikhathi sinye. Emakhonsathini anamuhla, ukukhanyisa kubonakala kuyinto engokwemvelo, kanti eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule bekukholelwa ukuthi indima yokukhanya bekuwukuvumela umbukeli abone abaculi esiteji.
Wonke umsebenzi ka-A. N. Scriabin ugcwele ukukholwa ngamathuba oMuntu, umqambi, njengabaningi ngaleso sikhathi, awathatha njengongenamkhawulo. La mathuba ngelinye ilanga ayoholela emhlabeni ekubhujisweni, kodwa lokhu kufa ngeke kube yisigameko esibuhlungu, kodwa umgubho, ukunqoba kwamandla onke oMuntu. Ithemba elinjalo alibonakali likhanga kakhulu, kepha asinikwanga ukuqonda ukuthi izingqondo ezinhle zekhulu lama-20 zakuqonda futhi zazizwa kanjani.
1. U-Alexander Scriabin wazalelwa emndenini ohloniphekile. Uyise wayengummeli owajoyina umsebenzi wezokuxhumana. Umama Alexander wayengumdlali wopiyano onekhono kakhulu. Ngisho nezinsuku ezi-5 ngaphambi kokubeletha, wadlala ekhonsathini, ngemuva kwalokho impilo yakhe yaba sibi. Ingane yazalwa iphilile, kepha kuLyubov Petrovna, ukubeletha kwakuyinhlekelele. Emva kwabo waphinda waphila omunye unyaka. Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo akusizanga - Unina kaScriabin wabulawa ngokudliwa. Ubaba wengane esanda kuzalwa wakhonza phesheya, ngakho-ke umfana unakekelwa ubabekazi nogogo wakhe.
Ubuciko buka-Alexander buzibonakalise kusenesikhathi. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-5, waqamba izingoma kupiyano futhi wenza imidlalo yakhe kweyeshashalazi lezingane anikezwe lona. Ngokwesiko lomndeni, umfana wathunyelwa ku-Cadet Corps. Lapho, lapho befunde ngamakhono omfana, abamphoqanga ukuba enze uhlelo olujwayelekile, kepha, kunalokho, banikeze wonke amathuba okuthuthuka.
3. Ngemuva kweCorps, uScriabin wangena eMoscow Conservatory ngokushesha. Ngokuhamba izifundo zakhe, waqala ukubhala imisebenzi kunalokho asebekhulile. Othisha baphawula ukuthi, yize ithonya elicacile likaChopin, izingoma zikaScriabin zazinezici zokuqala.
4. Kusukela ebusheni bakhe, u-Alexander wahlaselwa yisifo esisesandleni sakhe sokudla - kusukela ekuvivinyweni komculo wayevame ukusebenza ngokweqile, angavumeli uScriabin ukuthi asebenze. Lesi sifo, ngokusobala, sasiwumphumela weqiniso lokuthi, njengomfana omncane, u-Alexander wadlala kakhulu kupiyano eyedwa, hhayi ukuthi wayegcwele umculo kakhulu. UNanny Alexandra ukhumbule ukuthi ngenkathi abethuli, beletha upiyano olusha, ngengozi bathinta phansi ngomlenze wensimbi, uSasha wavele wakhala - wayecabanga ukuthi upiyano lusezinhlungwini.
5. Umshicileli wezincwadi odumile nowayesiza abantu ngezinsizakalo uMitrofan Belyaev walisekela kakhulu ithalente elincane. Akagcinanga ngokushicilela ngaphandle kwemibandela yonke imisebenzi yomqambi, kodwa futhi wahlela nohambo lwakhe lokuqala phesheya. Lapho, izingoma zika-Alexander zamukelwa kahle kakhulu, ezazikhulula isipho sakhe. Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi futhi kwenzeka eRussia, ingxenye yomphakathi womculo yayigxeka impumelelo esheshayo - ngokusobala iScriabin yayingaphandle komculo owawukhona ngaleso sikhathi, kanti okusha nokungaqondakali kuyabethusa abaningi.
6. Lapho eneminyaka engama-26, u-A. Scriabin waqokwa njengoprofesa we-Conservatory yaseMoscow. Abaculi abaningi nabaqambi bangakubheka ukuqokwa okunjalo, bangabheka ukuqokwa okunjalo njengesibusiso futhi bangathatha indawo inqobo nje uma benamandla. Kepha kusolwazi osemusha uScriabin, noma ezimeni ezinzima zezimali, ubuprofesa babukeka buyindawo yokuvalelwa. Yize, nanjengoprofesa, umqambi wakwazi ukubhala izingoma ezimbili. Ngokushesha nje lapho uMargarita Morozova, owayegqugquzela abantu bezobuciko, enikeza uScriabin impesheni yonyaka, wasula masinyane esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, kwathi ngo-1904 waya phesheya.
7. Ngesikhathi sokuvakashela e-United States, ngesikhathi sekhefu phakathi kwamakhonsathi, uScriabin, ukuze agcine isimo sakhe futhi ngasikhathi sinye angahluphi ingalo yakhe ebuhlungu, wadlala i-etude ayibhalele isandla esisodwa sobunxele. Ngokubona indlela abasebenzi behhotela ababemangele ngayo, ababengaboni ukuthi umqambi wayedlala ngesandla esisodwa, uScriabin wanquma ukwenza i-etude ekhonsathini. Ngemuva kokuphothula isifundo, kwaduma ihlombe kanye nomlozi owodwa ehholo elincane. U-Alexander Nikolaevich wamangala - umuntu oqhamuka kwezomculo uvelaphi emaphandleni aseMelika. Kushaywa ikhwela kwaba ngowokufika ovela eRussia.
8. Ukubuyela kukaScriabin eRussia kwaba ukunqoba. Ikhonsathi, eyaba ngoFebhuwari 1909, yamukelwa ngenjabulo enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka olandelayo u-Alexander Nikolaevich wabhala i-Prometheus symphony, lapho umculo uqala ukuxhumana khona nokukhanya. Ukusebenza kokuqala kwale symphony kukhombise ukungathandi kwezilaleli ukwamukela ubuhlakani obunjalo, futhi uScriabin waphinde wagxekwa. Futhi, noma kunjalo, umqambi waqhubeka nokulandela indlela, njengoba wayekholelwa, eya eLangeni.
9. Ngo-1914 A. Scriabin wenza uhambo oluya eNgilandi, olwaqinisa ukuqashelwa kwakhe emhlabeni jikelele.
10. Ngo-Ephreli 1915, u-Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin wafa ngokungalindelekile ngenxa yokuvuvukala komgogodla. Ngo-Ephreli 7, kwavuleka umlomo emlonyeni wakhe, kwathi ngemuva kwesonto umqambi omkhulu womculo wahamba. Umngcwabo awuzange uwe ngePhasika waphenduka udwendwe ezweni lonke emgaqweni ombozwe izimbali kuhambisana nokucula kwekwaya eyinkulungwane yentsha yabafundi namanazaretha. A. Scriabin wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseNovodevichy.
11. U-Alexander Scriabin wabhala ama-7 symphonic works, ama-piano sonatas ayi-10, ama-preludes angama-91, ama-etudes ayi-16, izinkondlo zomculo ezingama-20 nezinqwaba zezingcezu ezincane.
12. Ukufa kumise ukudalwa komqambi weZimfihlakalo, umsebenzi onezici eziningi lapho umculo walekelelwa ukukhanya, umbala nokudansa. "Imfihlakalo" yeScriabin inqubo yokugcina yokuhlangana kukaMoya ne-Matter, okumele iphele ngokufa kwe-Universe endala nokuqala kokudalwa okusha.
13. UScriabin wayeshade kabili. Emshadweni wakhe wokuqala, kwazalwa izingane ezi-4, kowesibili - ezi-3, amantombazane ama-5 nabafana aba-2 kuphela. Akekho noyedwa ezinganeni ezisuka emshadweni wazo wokuqala owaphila iminyaka eyi-8. Indodana evela emshadweni wayo wesibili, uJulian, ushone eneminyaka engu-11. Amadodakazi avela emshadweni wabo wesibili, u-Ariadne noMarina, ayehlala eFrance. U-Ariadne ushonele ezinhlokweni zeResistance phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. UMarina wadlula emhlabeni ngo-1998.
14. Kuma-biographies, umshado wokuqala kaScriabin uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi awuphumelelanga. Wayenebhadi, kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngomkakhe uVera. Umdlali wopiyano onethalente washiya umsebenzi wakhe, wazala izingane ezine, wanakekela indlu, futhi njengomvuzo wasala nezingane ezandleni zakhe futhi engenazo izindlela zokuziphilisa. U-Alexander Nikolaevich, nokho, akazange abufihle ubuhlobo bakhe nonkosikazi wakhe wesibili (umshado wabo awukaze ubhaliswe ngokomthetho) kwasekuqaleni.
Umndeni wesibili
15. Abagxeki bathi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 yomsebenzi wokudala osebenzayo, u-Alexander Scriabin ngokuzimela wenza uguquko ezingomeni zakhe - imisebenzi yakhe evuthiwe ihluke ngokuphelele kwezingoma zobusha. Umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi zidalwe ngabantu abahluke ngokuphelele.
