ISitatimende Sokukhululeka, noma, njengoba sibizwa nangokuthi, iLady Liberty, sikhombise ukusabalala kwenkululeko nentando yeningi iminyaka eminingi. Uphawu olugqamile lwenkululeko ukuklanywa kwesithombe ngamaketanga aqhekekile. Kutholakala ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika eNew York, lesi sakhiwo esihlaba umxhwele sethulwa njalo kuzo zonke izivakashi zaso futhi sinikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okungalibaleki.
Ukudalwa kwesitatimende senkululeko
Itshe lesikhumbuzo langena emlandweni njengesipho esasiya e-United States kuhulumeni waseFrance. Ngokwe-version esemthethweni, lo mcimbi wenziwe ukuhlonipha ukugubha kweMelika iminyaka engu-100 yathola inkululeko, kanye nophawu lobungani phakathi kwalezi zifundazwe zombili. Umbhali wale phrojekthi wayengumholi wenhlangano elwa nobugqila yaseFrance u-Edouard Rene Lefebvre de Labuele.
Umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwalesi sithombe waqala ngo-1875 eFrance futhi waqedwa ngo-1884. Wawuholwa nguFrederic Auguste Bartholdi, umbazi onekhono waseFrance. Kwakungulo muntu ovelele owadala iminyaka eyishumi uphawu lwenkululeko emhlabeni wonke estudiyo sakhe sobuciko.
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngokubambisana nezingqondo ezihamba phambili eFrance. UGustave Eiffel, umklami wephrojekthi ye-Eiffel Tower, wayebambe iqhaza ekwakheni ifreyimu yangaphakathi yensimbi yesithombe esidumile. Umsebenzi uqhubeke ngomunye wabasizi bakhe, unjiniyela uMaurice Kechlin.
Umcimbi omkhulu wokwethula isipho saseFrance kozakwethu baseMelika behlelelwe uJulayi 1876. Ukushoda kwemali kwe-banal kwaba yisithiyo endleleni eya ekusetshenzisweni kohlelo. UMongameli waseMelika uGrover Cleveland wakwazi ukwamukela isipho sikahulumeni waseFrance esimweni esibucayi eminyakeni eyi-10 kuphela kamuva. Usuku lokudluliswa okunesizotha kweSitatimende kwakungu-Okthoba 1886. IBedlow Island yaqokwa njengendawo yomcimbi oyingqophamlando. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-70, yathola igama elithi "Freedom Island".
Incazelo yomlando odumile
IStatue of Liberty ingenye yobuciko obudume kakhulu emhlabeni. Isandla sakhe sokudla siphakamisa ithoshi ngokuziqhenya, kanti isandla sakhe sobunxele siphakamise ithebhulethi enezinhlamvu. Umbhalo ukhombisa usuku lomcimbi obaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abantu baseMelika - uSuku Lokuzimela lwase-United States of America.
Ubukhulu beLady Liberty buhlaba umxhwele. Ukuphakama kwayo kusuka emhlabathini kuye phezulu kwetotshi kungamamitha angama-93. Ubukhulu bekhanda bungamamitha angu-5.26, ubude bekhala yi-1.37 m, amehlo ayi-0.76 m, izingalo zingamamitha ayi-12.8, ubude besandla ngasinye bungu-5 m. Ubukhulu bepuleti bungu-7.19 m.
Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iSitatimende Sokukhululeka senziwe ngani. Kuthathe okungenani amathani angama-31 ethusi ukuphonsa umzimba wakhe. Isakhiwo sonke sensimbi sinesisindo esingamathani ayi-125 esewonke.
Amafasitela okubuka angama-25 atholakala esihlokweni awuphawu lomcebo wezwe. Futhi imisebe evela kuyo ngenani lezingcezu eziyi-7 iwuphawu lwamazwekazi ayisikhombisa nolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, zifanekisela ukwanda kwenkululeko kuzo zonke izinkomba.
Ngokwesiko, abantu bafika endaweni yesikhumbuzo ngesikebhe. Indawo oyithandayo ukuvakashela umqhele. Ukujabulela ukubukeka kwendawo nokubukwa kogu lwaseNew York kusuka phezulu, udinga ukukhuphukela epulatifomu ekhethekile ngaphakathi kwalo. Kuze kube manje, izivakashi kuzodingeka zikhuphuke inani elikhulu lezinyathelo - 192 ziye phezulu kwesisekelo, bese kuba ngu-356 emzimbeni uqobo.
Njengomvuzo wezivakashi eziphikelela kakhulu, kunemibono ebanzi yeNew York nezindawo zayo ezinhle. Okungathandeki kangako isisekelo, lapho kukhona imnyuziyamu enezichazamazwi zomlando ezitholakala kuyo.
Amaqiniso amancane awaziwayo ngeSitembu Sokukhululeka
Isikhathi sokudala kanye nokuba khona kwetshe lesikhumbuzo kugcwele amaqiniso nezindaba ezithakazelisayo. Ezinye zazo azimboziwe ngisho nalapho izivakashi zivakashela eNew York City.
Igama lokuqala leSitembu Sokukhululeka
ISitatimende Sokukhululeka yigama ubuciko obaziwa ngalo emhlabeni wonke. Ekuqaleni yayaziwa ngokuthi "Inkululeko ekhanyisela umhlaba" - "Inkululeko ekhanyisa umhlaba." Kuqale kwahlelwa ukuthi kwakhiwe itshe lesikhumbuzo njengomlimi ophethe ithoshi esandleni sakhe. Indawo yokusungulwa bekufanele kube yinsimu yaseGibhithe emnyango weSuez Canal. Izinhlelo eziguqulwe kakhulu zikahulumeni waseGibhithe zikuvimbele lokhu.
Isibonelo sobuso beSitembu Sokukhululeka
Imininingwane isabalele ukuthi ubuso beSitembu Sokukhululeka abuyonto nje eqanjiwe yombhali. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezimbili zemvelaphi yazo ziyaziwa. Ngokwe-prototype yokuqala yobuso, ubuso bemodeli edumile yemvelaphi yaseFrance u-Isabella Boyer waba. Ngokusho komunye, uFrederic Bartholdi wasusa ubuso bukanina etsheni lesikhumbuzo.
Ama-Metamorphoses anombala
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokudalwa kwaso, lesi sithombe sahlukaniswa ngombala ogqamile wegolide nophuzi olintshi. E-St. Petersburg, izivakashi eziya eHermitage zingabona umdwebo lapho uthwetshulwe ngohlobo lwawo lokuqala. Namuhla itshe lesikhumbuzo lithole umbala oluhlaza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthayipha, inqubo lapho insimbi ithatha umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza lapho ihlangana nomoya. Lokhu kuguqulwa kophawu lwaseMelika kwaphela iminyaka engama-25, okuthathwa ezithombeni eziningi. Ukumbozwa kwethusi kwalesi sithombe kuxubeke ngokwemvelo, njengoba kungabonakala namuhla.
"Ukuhamba" kwenhloko yeLady Liberty
Iqiniso elaziwa kancane: ngaphambi kokuba zonke izingcezu zesipho saseFrance ziqoqwe eNew York, iSitatimende Sokukhululeka kwakudingeka sihambe izwe lonke sihlukanisiwe isikhashana. Ikhanda lakhe laboniswa komunye weminyuziyamu yasePhiladelphia ngo-1878. AmaFulentshi, nawo, anqume ukujabulela lo mbukwane ngaphambi kokuba ahambe alibangise khona. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ikhanda lafakwa obala komunye wemibukiso yaseParis.
Isiphathi serekhodi langaphambilini
Ekhulwini lama-21, kunamabhilidi adlula uphawu lwaseMelika ngobude nangesisindo. Kodwa-ke, phakathi neminyaka yokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi yeSitembu, isisekelo sayo sikakhonkolo sasiyisona esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni nesakhiwo sikakhonkolo esilingana kakhulu. Amarekhodi avelele asheshe ayeka ukuba njalo, kepha itshe lesikhumbuzo lisahlotshaniswa nokwazi komhlaba nakho konke okuhle nokusha.
Isitembu samawele aseLiberty
Amakhophi amaningi ophawu lwaseMelika enziwe emhlabeni wonke, phakathi kwawo kungatholakala amashumi ambalwa e-United States uqobo. Kungabonakala imikhonto engamamitha ayi-9 ngaseNational Liberty Bank yaseNew York. Elinye, elehliselwe kumamitha amathathu, ikhophi eliphethe iBhayibheli lihlobisa izwe laseCalifornia.
Ikhophi lamawele elisemthethweni lesikhumbuzo lavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s yekhulu lama-XX. AbaseMelika bayethule kubantu baseFrance njengophawu lobungane nokubonga. Namuhla lesi sipho singabonakala eParis kwesinye seziqhingi zemifula iSeine. Ikhophi incishisiwe, noma kunjalo, iyakwazi ukushaya labo abayizungezile ngamamitha ayi-11 ukuphakama.
Izakhamizi zaseTokyo, eBudapest naseLvov bazakhela amakhophi abo etshe lesikhumbuzo.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngesithombe sikaKristu uMhlengi.
Isitembu Esincane Sokukhululeka
Umbhali wehliselwe kwikhophi encane ungowabantu abahlala entshonalanga ye-Ukraine - umqophi uMikhail Kolodko nomakhi wezakhiwo u-Alexander Bezik. Ungawubona lo msebenzi wobuciko wobuciko wesimanje e-Uzhgorod, eTranscarpathia. Umfanekiso ohlekisayo wenziwe ngethusi, ungama-30 cm kuphela ukuphakama futhi unesisindo esingaba ngu-4 kg. Namuhla lifanekisela isifiso sabantu bendawo sokuziveza futhi saziwa njengekhophi elincane kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
"Izigemegeme" ezedlulele zetshe lesikhumbuzo
Esikhathini sayo sokuphila, iSitatimende Sokukhululeka sidlule kokuningi. NgoJulayi 1916, kwahlasela ngesihluku amaphekula eMelika. EsiQhingini iBlack Tom, esiseduze neLiberty Island, kuzwakale ukuqhuma, okufana namandla okuzamazama komhlaba cishe kwamaphoyinti angu-5.5. Amacala abo kwakungama-saboteurs avela eJalimane. Phakathi nale micimbi, itshe lesikhumbuzo lathola umonakalo omkhulu kwezinye izingxenye zalo.
Ngo-1983, phambi komphakathi omkhulu, umkhohlisi uDavid Copperfield wenza ucwaningo olungenakulibaleka ngokunyamalala kweSitatimende Sokukhululeka. Ukugxila kwasekuqaleni kube yimpumelelo. Isifanekiso esikhulu sanyamalala, futhi izethameli ezazishaqekile zazama ukuthola incazelo enengqondo ngalokho ezikubonayo. Ngaphezu kwezimangaliso ezinhle, iCopperfield yamangala ngendandatho yokukhanya ezungeze iSitatimende Sokukhululeka nenye eyayiseduze kwaso.
Namuhla, uphawu lwe-United States lusakhuphuka ngokumangalisayo esibhakabhakeni esiseNew York, lugcina ukubaluleka kwalo emhlabeni jikelele futhi luyiziqhenya ngesizwe saseMelika. KweMelika uqobo nezinye izifundazwe, kuhlotshaniswa nokusabalala kwamanani entando yeningi, inkululeko nokuzimela emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ngo-1984, lesi sithombe sesiyingxenye ye-UNESCO Heritage Heritage Site.
