ISonto Lokungenelela eNerl njengendlu yesibani emhlophe iphakama egqumeni elenziwe ngabantu ngenhla kwedlelo eligcwele amanzi, sengathi likhombisa indlela eya kwabazulazulayo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuyingqayizivele nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kwabakhi bamabhilidi baseRussia kwaziwa kude kakhulu nesifunda saseVladimir. Kusukela ngo-1992, iSonto Lokungenelela ku-Nerl lifakiwe kuhlu lwe-UNESCO lwamaGugu Omhlaba, futhi idlelo, lapho kunethempeli laseBogolyubsky, liyingxenye yenkinga yomlando nezwe, ebaluleke kakhulu esifundeni.
Izimfihlakalo zokuvela kweBandla Lokungenelela kuNerl
Umlando wokudalwa kweSonto Lokungenelela ku-Nerl ugcwele ukunganembi nokuqagela. Yinye kuphela into eyaziwa ngokuqinisekile - lapho kwakhiwa inkosana ithempeli. Lo msebenzi wobuciko wamatshe amhlophe wakhiwa ngesikhathi seNkosana u-Andrey Bogolyubsky, indodana kaJuri Dolgoruky.
Kunzima ukusho unyaka oqondile wokwakhiwa. Izazi-mlando eziningi zihlobanisa ukwakhiwa kwethempeli nokufa kweNkosana Izyaslav, njengesifiso seNkosana u-Andrey sokuqhubela phambili inkumbulo yendodana yakhe. Lapho-ke kungabhekwa usuku lokusungulwa kwesonto ngo-1165. Kodwa-ke, imibiko yomlando ithi isonto lamiswa “ngehlobo elilodwa”, nenkosana yafa ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukukhuluma nge-1166 njengosuku lokwakhiwa kwethempeli kanye "nehlobo elilodwa" okukhulunywe ngalo ku-biography ka-Prince Andrew.
Enye indlela umbono wokuthi iSonto Lokuncengela eNerl lakhiwa ngasikhathi sinye nokwakhiwa kwesigodlo sezindela eBogolyubovo ngasekupheleni kuka-1150-1160. futhi akuhlangene nokufa kwenkosana. Ngokwale nguqulo, ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kuwukubonga amaTheotokos aNgcwelengcwele ngokuvikela abantu baseVladimir ezimpini ezenziwa namaBulgars.
Inganekwane ihlotshaniswa nabaseBulgaria ukuthi itshe, elihlaba umxhwele ngobumhlophe balo, lalethwa lisuka embusweni waseBulgar, wanqotshwa ngu-Andrey Bogolyubsky. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ezalandela ziyakuphikisa ngokuphelele lokhu kucabanga: itshe elisengxenyeni enqotshiwe yaseBulgaria linombala onsundu onsundu futhi lihluke kakhulu kunetshe lekalika elisetshenziswe ekwakheni.
U-Andrei Bogolyubsky wayezwela kakhulu edilini lokuvikelwa kweTheotokos Engcwelengcwele. Ngokugcizelela kwakhe, isonto elisha lahlanjululwa ngokuhlonipha uMkhosi wamaTheotokos. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhlonishwa okubanzi kwaleli holidi kuhambile futhi manje ungathola ithempeli lasePokrovsky cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha.
Imfihlo yabakhi
ISonto Lokungenelela ku-Nerl libhekwa ngokufanele njengesikhumbuzo sokwakha hhayi nje kuphela izwe kodwa futhi nezinga lomhlaba. Kuwo wonke amafomu e-laconic, yisibonelo esikhanya kakhulu sesitayela sokwakha saseRussia futhi sasebenza njengesibonelo se-canonical ekwakhiweni kwamanye amasonto.
Indawo yokwakha ayikhethwanga ngenhlanhla - ezinsukwini zakudala kwakukhona impambana-mgwaqo yemigwaqo emikhulu yokuhweba kanye nomhlaba, kepha kunalokho kwakungajwayelekile, ngoba ithempeli lakhiwa edlelweni elinezikhukhula endaweni lapho iNerl igelezela khona eKlyazma.
Indawo eyingqayizivele idinga indlela engajwayelekile yokwakha. Ukuze isakhiwo sime amakhulu eminyaka, abakhi basebenzise inqubo engajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwayo: okokuqala, kwenziwa isisekelo (1.5-1.6 m), ukuqhubeka kwaso kwakuyizindonga eziphakeme cishe ngamamitha angu-4. ekwakhiweni kwesonto. Ngenxa yalezi zenzo zobuqili, isonto limelane ngempumelelo nokuhlaselwa kwamanzi minyaka yonke amakhulu eminyaka.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi, ngokusho kwezinye izithombe ezivela kumlando wesigodlo, isithombe sokuqala sesakhiwo sasihluke kakhulu kunesimanje. Lokhu kufakazelwa yimivubukulo eyenziwa ngo-1858 ngumakhi wesifunda sakwa-diocese u-N.A. Artleben nango-1950s nguN.N.Voronin, onguchwepheshe omkhulu emkhakheni wezokwakhiwa kwendabuko yasendulo yaseRussia. Ngokwalokho abakutholile, leli sonto lalizungezwe imipheme evulekile, eyayinikeza umhlobiso walo ukufana nesithunzi nobukhazikhazi bamakamelo aseRussia.
Ngeshwa, amagama alabo abakha umsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko waseRussia awazange asinde ezikhathini zethu. Izazi-mlando zisungule kuphela lokho kanye namakhosi aseRussia nabadwebi bezakhiwo, ochwepheshe abavela eHungary naseMalopolska nabo abasebenza - lokhu kuboniswa yizici zase-Romanesque zokuhlobisa, ezenziwe ngobuciko ngokwesisekelo sendabuko saseByzantium.
Umhlobiso wangaphakathi uhlaba umxhwele ngobunono bawo. Umdwebo wokuqala awusindanga, iningi lawo lalahleka ngesikhathi sokulungiswa "kobuqaba" ngo-1877, okwathi, ngaphandle kokubambisana nomakhi wezakhiwo zedayosisi, kwaqalwa ngabaphathi bezindela. Izinto ezenziwe kabusha nezintsha zokwakha zihlanganiswe ngokomzimba ngokuhlangene kangangokuba zakha ukuvela kokukodwa.
Ithempeli libuye libe nezici zalo zokwakha: yize izindonga zakhiwe ziqonde mpo, kubonakala sengathi zithambekele ngaphakathi. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezithombeni ezithathwe ngaphakathi kwesonto. Le nkohliso idalwe ngobukhulu obukhethekile nezinsika eziya phezulu.
Esinye isici esingajwayelekile sokuhlobisa kwesonto yizithombe ezibaziwe ezibonisa iNkosi uDavid. Isibalo sakhe siphakathi kwazo zontathu izinto ezingaphambili. Ngokungeziwe kuDavid, okhonjiswe nge-psalter, izithombe ezibekiwe zibonisa izithombe ezibhangqiwe zamabhubesi namajuba.
Izenzakalo ezibalulekile emlandweni
Isiphetho seSonto Lokuncengela kuNerl sigcwele imicimbi edabukisayo. Ngemuva kokushona kosanta wethempeli, iNkosana u-Andrei Bogolyubsky, washona ngo-1174, isonto lathathwa ngokuphelele ngabazalwane besigodlo. Imali yaphela, ngakho-ke insimbi yensimbi, eyayilungiselelwe ekuqaleni njengengxenye yeqembu lokwakha, yayingakaze yakhiwe.
Inhlekelele elandelayo kwaba ukubhujiswa kweMongol-Tatar. Lapho amaTatar ethatha uVladimir ngekhulu le-12, nawo awazange azishaye indiva isonto. Ngokusobala, bayengwa yizitsha nezinye izinto eziyigugu zokuhlobisa, isikhulu esingazange siphumelele kuso.
Kodwa okuyinhlekelele kakhulu ethempelini cishe kwaba 1784, lapho kwakungekaNkulunkulu esigodlweni sezindela Bogolyubsk. Umbhishobhi wesigodlo wasungula ukucekela phansi isonto elinamatshe amhlophe futhi alisebenzise njengezinto zokwakha izakhiwo zezindela, waze wathola nemvume kulo besifunda-bhishobhi iVladimir. Ngenhlanhla, akazange akwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni nosonkontileka, ngaphandle kwalokho itshe lesikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele lalizolahleka unomphela.
Impilo "engenamafu" yaqala ethempelini ngo-1919 kuphela, lapho engena ezandleni zekolishi lesifundazwe laseVladimir leminyuziyamu, esivele isesimweni setshe lesikhumbuzo sezakhiwo zasendulo zaseRussia.
Ngo-1923, izinsizakalo esontweni zaphela futhi kwaba yindawo yendawo kuphela eyayisindisa ekubhujisweni nasekungcoleni phakathi neminyaka yamandla aseSoviet (akekho owayenesithakazelo endaweni esemadlelweni, egcwele amanzi njalo) kanye nesimo semyuziyamu.
Sincoma ukuthi sibheke iBandla LoMsindisi Ngegazi Elichithekile.
Kusukela ngo-1960, ukuthandwa kwesonto kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, kwaheha izivakashi eziningi nezihambeli. Ngo-1980, ababuyiseli babuyisela isonto ekubonakaleni kwalo kwasekuqaleni, kepha izinkonzo zaqala kabusha kuphela ngeminyaka yama-1990s.
Ufika kanjani lapho
ISonto Lokungenelela ku-Nerl lisendaweni yaseBogolyubovo eduze naseVladimir. Kunezindlela eziningi zokufika ethempelini:
- khetha olunye uhambo olukhulu olunikezwa ngobuningi yizikhungo zokuvakasha zaseVladimir, eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu;
- sebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi. Amabhasi # 18 noma # 152 asuka eVladimir aya eBololyubov.
- ngokuzimela ngemoto, izixhumanisi ze-GPS zesonto: 56.19625.40.56135. Ukusuka eVladimir kufanele uye ngakuNizhny Novgorod (onguthelawayeka uM7). Ngemuva kokudlula esigodlweni sezindela saseBogolyubsky, jikela kwesobunxele esiteshini sesitimela, lapho ungashiya khona imoto yakho.
Noma iyiphi inketho oyikhethayo, lungela ukuhamba cishe amakhilomitha ayi-1.5 ngaphezulu. Akukho ukungena ethempelini. Ngesikhathi sikazamcolo wasentwasahlobo, amanzi akhuphuka amamitha amaningana futhi angafinyelelwa ngesikebhe kuphela; ngemali encane, insizakalo efanayo inikezwa abashayeli bezikebhe abasebenzayo bendawo.
Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe ungakanani umzamo owusebenzisayo ohambweni, ukubheka nje ethempelini elihle elimhlophe njengeqhwa, elikhuphuka ngaphezu kobuso bomfula, kuzogcwalisa umphefumulo wakho ngokuthula futhi kuvuselele amandla akho. Ukuchazwa okuningiliziwe komzila kanye nohlelo lwezinsizakalo kungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeDayosisi yaseVladimir-Suzdal, lapho kungokwethempeli khona manje.
Manje akuyona nje indawo yokuhambela amakholwa, izwe elihle kakhulu liyabathanda abaculi nabathwebuli bezithombe. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, isonto lizungezwe ngamanzi nhlangothi zonke, okwenza libukeke lakhiwe ngokoqobo maphakathi nomfula. Izithombe ezithathwe entathakusa zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele, lapho inkungu phezu komfula idala i-aura eyengeziwe yemfihlakalo.
