ITaj Mahal iwuphawu olwaziwayo lothando lwaphakade, ngoba yadalelwa owesifazane owanqoba inhliziyo kaMbusi uMughal u-Shah Jahan. UMumtaz Mahal wayengunkosikazi wakhe wesithathu futhi ushone ebeletha ingane yabo yeshumi nane. Ukwenza igama lesithandwa sakhe lingafi, ipadishah yakhulelwa iphrojekthi enkulu yokwakha i-mausoleum. Ukwakhiwa kuthathe iminyaka engama-22, kepha namuhla kuyisibonelo sokuvumelana kwezobuciko, yingakho izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ziphupha ngokuvakashela isimangaliso somhlaba.
ITaj Mahal nokwakhiwa kwayo
Ukwakha i-mausoleum enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-padishah iqashe abantu abangaphezu kuka-22,000 abavela kuwo wonke umbuso kanye nasezifundeni eziseduze. Amakhosi amahle kakhulu asebenze kumosque ukuyiletha ekupheleleni, ebuka ukulinganisa okuphelele ngokusho kwezinhlelo zombusi. Ekuqaleni, indawo okwakuhlelwe ukuthi kwakhiwe kuyo ithuna kwakungekaMaharaja Jai Singh. U-Shah Jahan wamnika isigodlo edolobheni lase-Agra ngokushintshanisa indawo engenalutho.
Okokuqala, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokulungisa inhlabathi. Insimu edlula ihektare endaweni yimbiwe, inhlabathi yathathelwa indawo kuyo ukuzinza kwesakhiwo esizayo. Izisekelo zazimbiwa imithombo, eyayigcwele itshe lemfucumfucu. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, kwakusetshenziswa imabula emhlophe, okwakumele ithuthwe ingagcini ngokuqhamuka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe, kepha nasezifundeni ezingomakhelwane. Ukuxazulula inkinga ngokuhamba, kwakudingeka ukuthi kusungulwe ngokukhethekile izinqola, ukuklama umgwaqo wokuphakamisa.
Ithuna nepulatifomu kulo kuphela ezakhiwe cishe iminyaka eyi-12, ezinye izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zazakhiwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi. Eminyakeni edlule, lezi zinhlaka ezilandelayo zivele:
- ama-minarets;
- isonto lamaSulumane;
- i-javab;
- Isango elikhulu.
Kungenxa yalokhu ubude besikhathi ukuthi izingxabano zivame ukuvela ngokuthi iTaj Mahal yakhiwa iminyaka emingaki nokuthi yimuphi unyaka othathwa njengomzuzu wokuphothulwa kokwakhiwa komlando. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-1632, futhi wonke umsebenzi waqedwa ngo-1653, i-mausoleum uqobo yayisivele isilungile ngo-1643. Kodwa noma ngabe umsebenzi uthathe isikhathi esingakanani, ngenxa yalokho, kwavela ithempeli elimangalisayo elinobude obungamamitha angama-74 eNdiya, futhi lizungezwe izingadi ezinechibi elihlaba umxhwele nemithombo ...
Isici sokwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal
Yize iqiniso lokuthi lesi sakhiwo sibaluleke kakhulu ngokombono wamasiko, alusekho ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nokuthi ngubani ngempela owayengumakhi omkhulu wethuna. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa lo msebenzi, izingcweti ezinhle kakhulu zazibandakanyekile, kwakhiwa uMkhandlu Wabadwebi Bezakhiwo, futhi zonke izinqumo ezazithathwa zazivela kumbusi kuphela. Emithonjeni eminingi, kukholakala ukuthi iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwale nxanxathela ivela ku-Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. Kuyiqiniso, lapho kukhulunywa ngombuzo wokuthi ngubani owakha iparele lobuciko bokwakha, igama likaTurk Isa Mohammed Efendi livame ukuvela.
Kodwa-ke, akunandaba ukuthi ngubani owakha isigodlo, ngoba kuwuphawu lothando lwepadishah, owayefuna ukwakha ithuna eliyingqayizivele elifanele umngane wakhe othembekile empilweni. Ngalesi sizathu, imabula emhlophe yakhethwa njengempahla, ekhombisa ubumsulwa bomphefumulo weMumtaz Mahal. Izindonga zethuna zihlotshiswe ngamatshe ayigugu, abekwe ezithombeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ukudlulisa ubuhle obumangalisayo bomfazi wenkosi.
Izitayela eziningana zihlangene ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, phakathi kwazo okungalandelwa amanothi avela ePersia, e-Islam nase-Asia Ephakathi. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zenkimbinkimbi zibhekwa njengebhodi lokuhlola, ama-minarets amamitha angama-40 ukuphakama, kanye nedome elimangalisayo. Isici esikhethekile seTaj Mahal ukusetshenziswa kwemibono ebonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, imibhalo eqoshiwe evela eQuran ebhalwe eceleni kwamakhothamo ibonakala ilingana nobude obude. Eqinisweni, izinhlamvu nebanga phakathi kwazo phezulu kukhulu kakhulu kunezansi, kepha umuntu ohamba ngaphakathi akawuboni lo mehluko.
Ukukhohlisa akugcini lapho, ngoba udinga ukubuka okukhangayo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku. Imabula eyakhiwe ngayo iyakhanya, ngakho-ke ibonakala imhlophe emini, ekushoneni kwelanga ithola umbala obomvana, kuthi ebusuku ngaphansi kwenyanga ikhiphe isiliva.
Kubuciko bokwakhiwa kwamaSulumane, akunakwenzeka ukwenziwa ngaphandle kwezithombe zezimbali, kepha ukuthi isikhumbuzo senziwe ngobuciko kangakanani ngamatshe amakhemikhali asikwazi ukuhlaba umxhwele. Uma ubheka kahle, ungabona inqwaba yamatshe ayigugu abhalwe kude ngamasentimitha ambalwa nje. Imininingwane enjalo itholakala ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ngoba yonke i-mausoleum icatshangwa ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu.
Isakhiwo sonke silinganayo ngaphandle, ngakho-ke eminye imininingwane ingezwe kuphela ukugcina ukubukeka okujwayelekile. Ingaphakathi lakhona liyalingana, kepha selivele lihlobene nengcwaba leMumtaz Mahal. Ukuvumelana okujwayelekile kuphazanyiswa kuphela itshe lethuna likaShahan Jahan uqobo, obekwe eceleni kwesithandwa sakhe ngemuva kokufa kwakhe. Yize kungenandaba izivakashi ukuthi ukulinganisa kubukeka kanjani ngaphakathi emagcekeni, ngoba kuhlotshiswe kahle ngendlela yokuthi amehlo ayaphambuka, futhi lokhu kunikezwa ukuthi iningi lamagugu liphangiwe ngabacekeli.
Amaqiniso anentshisekelo ngeTaj Mahal
Ngokwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal, kwakudingeka ukufakwa kwamahlathi amakhulu, ngenkathi kunqunywe ukuthi kusetshenziselwe lokhu hhayi ngoqalo olujwayelekile, kepha izitini eziqinile. Izingcweti ezazisebenza kulo msebenzi zathi kuzothatha iminyaka ukuqaqa isakhiwo esenziwe. U-Shah Jahan uhambe ngenye indlela wamemezela ukuthi noma ngubani ofuna ukuthatha izitini eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, isakhiwo sahlakazwa yizakhamizi zedolobha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Indaba ithi lapho kuqedwa ukwakhiwa, umbusi wayala ukuthi akhiphe amehlo futhi anqume izandla zabo bonke abaphathi abenza isimangaliso ukuze bangakwazi ukuzala izinto ezifanayo kweminye imisebenzi. Futhi yize ngalezo zinsuku iningi lalizisebenzisa ngempela izindlela ezinjalo, kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kuyinganekwane nje kuphela, futhi ipadishah ilinganiselwe esiqinisekisweni esibhaliwe sokuthi abaklami ngeke benze i-mausoleum efanayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo awagcini lapho, ngoba maqondana neTaj Mahal bekufanele kube nethuna elifanayo lombusi waseNdiya, kodwa elenziwe ngemabula emnyama. Lokhu kuchazwe kafushane emibhalweni yendodana yepadishah enkulu, kepha izazi-mlando zithambekele ekukholweni ukuthi bezikhuluma ngokukhonjiswa kwethuna elivele likhona, elibukeka limnyama echibini, nakho okuqinisekisa uthando lwenkosi lokukhohlisa.
Sincoma ukubona iSheikh Zayed Mosque.
Kunempikiswano yokuthi umnyuziyamu ungawa ngenxa yokuthi uMfula iJamna ubungasasebenzi ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Muva nje, kutholakale imifantu ezindongeni, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi isizathu silele emfuleni kuphela. Ithempeli lisedolobheni, lapho lithonywe khona yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nemvelo. Imabula emhlophe qhwa eqala ukuba nombala ophuzi, ngakho-ke imvamisa kufanele ihlanzwe ngobumba olumhlophe.
Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuthi igama lenkimbinkimbi lihunyushwa kanjani, kufanele kuthiwe kusuka ePheresiya kusho "isigodlo esikhulu kunazo zonke". Kodwa-ke, kukhona umbono wokuthi imfihlo ilele egameni lalowo okhethiwe wesikhulu saseNdiya. Umbusi wakusasa wayethandana nomzala wakhe ngisho nangaphambi kokushada futhi wambiza ngokuthi uMumtaz Mahal, okungukuthi, uMhlobiso weSigodlo, kanti uTaj yena, kusho ukuthi "umqhele".
Inothi labavakashi
Akufanelekile ukusho ukuthi le mausoleum enkulu idume ngani, ngoba ifakwe kuhlu lwamagugu omhlaba we-UNESCO, futhi ibuye ibhekwe njengeNew Wonder of the World. Ngesikhathi sohambo, ngokuqinisekile bazokhuluma indaba yothando mayelana nokuthi ngubani ohlonishwa ukuthi ithempeli lakhiwe ngobani, futhi banikeze incazelo emfushane ngezigaba zokwakhiwa futhi baveze izimfihlo lapho kukhona khona isakhiwo esifanayo.
Ukuvakashela iTaj Mahal, udinga ikheli: edolobheni lase-Agra, udinga ukufika ku-State Highway 62, Tajganj, Uttar Pradesh. Izithombe ezisensimini yethempeli zivunyelwe ukuthathwa, kepha kuphela ngemishini ejwayelekile, imishini yobuchwepheshe ayivunyelwe nakancane lapha. Kuyiqiniso, izivakashi eziningi zithatha izithombe ezinhle ngaphandle kwenkimbinkimbi, udinga nje ukwazi ukuthi itholakala kuphi indawo yokubuka, enikeza umbono ovela phezulu. Imephu yedolobha ivamise ukukhombisa ukuthi ungabona kuphi isigodlo nokuthi umnyango wesakhiwo uvulekile ngakuluphi uhlangothi.
