UVasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky (1918-1970) - Uthisha omusha nombhali wezingane waseSoviet. Umsunguli wohlelo lokufundisa olususelwa ekwamukelweni kobuntu bengane njengenani eliphakeme kakhulu, lapho izinqubo zokukhuliswa nezemfundo kufanele zigxile khona.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Sukhomlinsky biography, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaVasily Sukhomlinsky.
Biography Sukhomlinsky
UVasily Sukhomlinsky wazalwa ngoSepthemba 28, 1918 edolobhaneni laseVasilyevka (manje esesifunda saseKirovograd). Wakhulela emkhayeni umlimi ompofu Alexander Emelyanovich nomkakhe u-Oksana Avdeevna.
Ubuntwana nentsha
USukhomlinsky Sr. wayebhekwa njengomunye wabantu abavelele kakhulu emzaneni. Wabamba iqhaza elibonakalayo empilweni yomphakathi, wavela emaphephandabeni njengomthengisi, wahola iqembu elihlangene lepulazi-laboratory, futhi wafundisa nomsebenzi (ukubaza) ezinganeni zesikole.
Umama wothisha wesikhathi esizayo wayenomndeni, futhi wasebenza epulazini elihlangene futhi wakhanyiswa inyanga njengomthungi. Ngaphandle kukaVasily, umndeni wakwaSukhomlinsky wazalelwa intombazane uMelania nabafana ababili, u-Ivan noSergey. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi bonke baba othisha.
Lapho uVasily eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala, waya eKremenchuk eyothola imfundo. Ngemuva kokuphothula ubuhlakani babasebenzi, waphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo esikhungweni sokufundisa.
Eminyakeni engu-17, Sukhomlinsky waqala ukufundisa esikoleni sezincwadi esiseduze neVasilievka yangakubo. Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wanquma ukudlulisela ePoltava Pedagogical Institute, aphothula kuyo iziqu ngo-1938.
Njengoba waba uthisha eqinisekisiwe, Vasily wabuyela ekhaya. Lapho, waqala ukufundisa ulimi nezincwadi zase-Ukraine e-Onufrievskaya secondary school. Konke kwahamba kahle kwaze kwaqala iMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945), ekuqaleni kwayo eya phambili.
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, uSukhomlinsky walimala kabi nge-shrapnel kwenye yezimpi eziseduze neMoscow. Noma kunjalo, odokotela bakwazile ukusindisa impilo yesosha. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ucezwana lwegobolondo lwahlala esifubeni sakhe kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
Ngemuva kokuphuma esibhedlela, uVasily waphinde wafuna ukuya phambili, kodwa ikhomishini yamthola engakulungele ukusebenza. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-Red Army ikwazile ukukhulula i-Ukraine kumaNazi, wavele waya ekhaya, lapho ayemlinde khona umkakhe nendodana yakhe.
Lapho efika ezweni lakubo, uSukhomlinsky wezwa ukuthi umkakhe nengane bahlukunyezwa amaGestapo. Eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, waba uthishanhloko wesikole esiphakeme. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wasebenza kulesi sikhundla waze wafa.
Umsebenzi wokufundisa
UVasily Sukhomlinsky ungumbhali wohlelo lokufundisa oluyingqayizivele olususelwa ezimisweni zobuntu. Ngokubona kwakhe, othisha kufanele babone enganeni ngayinye ubuntu obuhlukile, lapho kufanele kukhuliswe khona, imfundo nomsebenzi wokudala.
Ekhokha intela emfundweni yezabasebenzi esikoleni, uSukhomlinsky wayephikisana nokukhethekile kwasekuqaleni (kusukela eminyakeni eyi-15), ehlinzekwa ngumthetho. Uthe ukuzithuthukisa komuntu wonke kwenzeka kuphela lapho isikole nomndeni basebenza njengeqembu.
Ngothisha besikole sasePavlysh, umqondisi wakhe owayenguVasily Alexandrovich, wethula uhlelo lokuqala lokusebenza nabazali. Cishe okokuqala ngqa kuhulumeni, isikole sabazali saqala ukusebenza lapha, lapho kwakwenziwa khona izinkulumo nezingxoxo nothisha nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, okuhloswe ngazo ekufundiseni.
USukhomlinsky wayekholelwa ukuthi ubugovu bobuntwana, unya, ubuzenzisi nokuba luhlaza yizinto ezitholakala emfundweni engemihle yomndeni. Ukholelwe ukuthi phambi kwazo zonke izingane, noma kunzima kakhulu, uthisha ubophezelekile ukudalula lezo zindawo lapho angafinyelela khona iziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu.
UVasily Sukhomlinsky wakha inqubo yokufunda njengomsebenzi ojabulisayo, wanaka ukwakheka kombono wezwe labafundi. Ngasikhathi sinye, okuningi kuncike kuthisha - ngesitayela sokwethulwa kwendaba nentshisekelo kubafundi.
Le ndoda isungule uhlelo lobuhle "lokufundisa ngobuhle", isebenzisa imibono yomhlaba yabantu. Ngokuphelele, imibono yakhe ibhalwe ku "Studies on Communist Education" (1967) nakweminye imisebenzi.
USukhomlinsky unxuse ukuthi kufundiswe izingane ukuze zibhekane nezihlobo nomphakathi futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kunembeza wazo. Encwadini yakhe edumile ethi "Amathiphu ayi-100 Abafundisi," ubhala ukuthi ingane ayihloli umhlaba omzungezile kuphela, kodwa futhi iyazazi.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, ingane kufanele igxiliswe ngothando lomsebenzi. Ukuze akwazi ukuthuthukisa isifiso sokufunda, abazali nothisha badinga ukukwazisa futhi bakhulise kuye umuzwa wokuziqhenya kwesisebenzi. Okusho ukuthi, ingane iphoqelekile ukuthi iqonde futhi ithole impumelelo yayo ekufundeni.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu buvezwa kangcono ngomsebenzi - lapho ngamunye enza okuthile komunye. Futhi yize okuningi kuncike kuthisha, udinga ukuhlanganyela ukukhathazeka kwakhe nabazali bakhe. Ngakho-ke, kuphela ngemizamo ehlangene lapho bezokwazi ukukhulisa umuntu omuhle enganeni.
Emsebenzini kanye nezimbangela zobuhlongandlebe bezingane
Ngokusho kukaVasily Sukhomlinsky, labo abalele kusenesikhathi, balale isikhathi esanele, futhi bavuke ekuseni kakhulu bazizwe bengcono kakhulu. Futhi, impilo enhle ivela lapho umuntu enikela ngomqondo amahora ama-5-10 ngemuva kokuvuka ebuthongweni.
Emahoreni alandelayo, umuntu kufanele anciphise umsebenzi wezabasebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi umthwalo omkhulu wokuqonda, ikakhulukazi ngekhanda okokusebenza, akwamukelekile neze emahoreni wokugcina we-5-7 ngaphambi kokulala.
Ngokuya ngezibalo, uSukhomlinsky waphikisana nokuthi esimweni lapho ingane ibifunda izifundo amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokulala, ayiphumelelanga.
Ngokuphathelene nobuhlongandlebe bobusha, uVasily Alexandrovich naye wethule imibono eminingi ethokozisayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, ubugebengu obungenabuntu buya ngokuya buntengantenga intshisekelo yengqondo, yokuziphatha kanye nezidingo zomndeni.
Iziphetho ezinjalo zenziwa nguSukhomlinsky ngesisekelo socwaningo olwenziwe. Uthisha uthe awukho nowodwa umkhaya wentsha owephula umthetho onomtapo wolwazi womndeni: "... Emindenini yonke engama-460 ngabala izincwadi ezingama-786 ... Akekho noyedwa kwabadelelene ezinganeni owayengabiza nocezu olulodwa lomculo we-symphonic, we-opera noma wasekamelweni."
Ukufa
UVasily Sukhomlinsky washona ngoSepthemba 2, 1970 eneminyaka engama-51. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, wabhala ama-monographs angama-48, ama-athikili angaphezu kwama-600, kanye nezindaba ezingaba ngu-1500 nezinganekwane.
Izithombe zikaSukhomlinsky
