URonald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) - uMongameli wama-40 wase-United States kanye noMbusi wama-33 waseCalifornia. Waziwa nangokuthi umlingisi nomsakazi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaReagan, esizokhuluma ngaye kule ndatshana.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaRonald Reagan.
Umlando kaReagan
URonald Reagan wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 6, 1911 edolobhaneni laseMelika iTampico (Illinois). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini olula kaJohn Edward noNell Wilson. Ngaphezu kukaRonald, umndeni kaReagan wazalwa umfana ogama lakhe linguNeil.
Lapho umongameli wesikhathi esizayo wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-9 ubudala, yena nomndeni wakhe bathuthela edolobheni laseDixon. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amaReagans ayevame ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala, ngenxa yalokho uRonald kwakudingeka ashintshe izikole eziningana.
Phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda esikoleni, lo mfana wakhombisa ukuba nentshisekelo kwezemidlalo nasekulingiseni, waphinde waba nekhono lokuxoxa izindaba. Udlale iqembu lebhola lasekhaya, ekhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokudlala.
Ngo-1928, uRonald Reagan waphothula esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngesikhathi samaholide, wakwazi ukuwina umfundaze wezemidlalo futhi waba ngumfundi e-Eureka College, ekhetha i-Faculty of Economics and Sociology. Ukuthola amamaki aphakathi nendawo, wabamba iqhaza empilweni yomphakathi.
Kamuva, uRonald waphathiswa ukuba ahole uhulumeni wabafundi. Ngalesi sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, uqhubeke nokudlala ibhola laseMelika. Ngokuzayo, uzosho lokhu okulandelayo: “Angizange ngiyidlale i-baseball ngoba ngangingaboni kahle. Ngalesi sizathu, ngaqala ukudlala ibhola. Kukhona ibhola nabafana abakhulu. "
Ababhali bomlando kaReagan bathi wayengumuntu okholwayo. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho eletha abantu bakubo abamnyama endlini yakhe, okwakungumbhedo ngaleso sikhathi.
Umsebenzi waseHollywood
Lapho uRonald eba neminyaka engama-21, wathola umsebenzi njengomhlaziyi womsakazo wezemidlalo. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, lo mfana waya eHollywood, lapho aqala khona ukubambisana nenkampani edumile yefilimu ethi "Warner Brothers".
Eminyakeni eyalandela, umlingisi osemusha wadlala kumafilimu amaningi, inani lawo elidlula ama-50. Wayeyilungu le-Screen Actors Guild yase-United States, lapho ekhunjulwa khona ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1947 waphathiswa isikhundla sokuba nguMongameli weGuild, asiphethe kwaze kwaba ngo-1952.
Ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zamasosha engekho, uReagan wafakwa endaweni yokugcina amabutho. Wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba nguLieutenant ku-Cavalry Corps. Njengoba wayengaboni kahle, ikhomishini yamkhulula ekusebenzeni kwezempi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945) wayesebenza eMnyangweni Wokukhiqiza Amafilimu, lapho kwaqeqeshwa khona amafilimu amasosha.
Lapho umsebenzi wakhe wamafilimu uqala ukwehla, uRonald wabeka indawo yokuba ngumsakazi we-TV ochungechungeni lwethelevishini i-General Electrics. Ngawo-1950, izintandokazi zakhe zezepolitiki zaqala ukushintsha. Ukube phambilini ubengumsekeli wenkululeko, manje izinkolelo zakhe seziye zaba ngoludala kakhulu.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ekuqaleni, uRonald Reagan wayeyilungu leDemocratic Party, kepha ngemuva kokubuyekeza imibono yakhe yezepolitiki, waqala ukuxhasa imibono yamaRepublicans uDwight Eisenhower noRichard Nixon. Esikhundleni sakhe eGeneral Electric, ukhulume nabasebenzi ezikhathini eziningi.
Ezinkulumweni zakhe, uReagan wagxila ezindabeni zepolitiki, okwadala ukunganeliseki kubaholi. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwaholela ekuxoshweni kwakhe enkampanini ngo-1962.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uRonald wabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni kaMongameli kaBarry Goldwater, ethula inkulumo yakhe edumile ethi "Isikhathi Sokukhetha". Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ukusebenza kwakhe kusize uBarry ukuthi aqongelele cishe u- $ 1 million! Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bakubo kanye nabamele iqembu leRepublican Party badonsela ukunakekela usopolitiki osemusha.
Ngo-1966, uReagan wakhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba ngumbusi waseCalifornia. Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokhetho, wathembisa ukubuyisa bonke abangasebenzi abesekelwa wumbuso ukuthi bazosebenza. Okhethweni, wathola ukwesekwa okukhulu kubavoti bendawo, waba ngumbusi wezwe ngoJanuwari 3, 1967.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uRonald wanquma ukungenela isikhundla sobumongameli, waqeda isithathu ngemuva kukaRockefeller noNixon, owagcina eyinhloko ye-United States. Abantu abaningi baseMelika bahlobanisa igama likaReagan nokuhlaselwa ngesihluku kwababhikishi eBerkeley Park, okwaziwa ngeBloody ngoLwesine, lapho izinkulungwane zamaphoyisa nabakwaNational Guardsmen bathunyelwa ukuyohlakaza ababhikishi.
Imizamo yokukhumbula uRonald Reagan ngo-1968 yahluleka, ngenxa yalokho waphinde waqokelwa ihlandla lesibili. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography, wacela ukwehla kwethonya likahulumeni emnothweni, futhi wafuna nokunciphisa intela.
Ubumongameli nokubulawa
Ngo-1976, uReagan wehlulwa okhethweni lweqembu kuGerald Ford, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4 waphinde waqoka owakhe umncintiswano. Umphikisi wakhe omkhulu wayeyinhloko yezwe ephethe uJimmy Carter. Ngemuva komzabalazo omubi wezepolitiki, lowo owayengumlingisi wakwazi ukunqoba umjaho wobumongameli futhi waba ngumongameli wakudala wase-US.
Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphatha, uRonald wenza izinguquko eziningana zezomnotho, kanye nezinguquko kumgomo wezwe. Ukwazile ukukhulisa isimilo sabantu bakubo, abafunde ukuthembela kakhulu kubona hhayi embusweni.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le ndoda ibigcina amadayari ashicilelwe encwadini ethi "The Reagan Diaries". Lo msebenzi uthole ukuthandwa okumangalisayo.
Ngo-Mashi 1981, uReagan wabulawa eWashington ngenkathi ephuma ehhotela. Othile uJohn Hinckley uphume esixukwini, ekwazile ukwenza isibhamu esingu-6 ebhekise kumongameli. Ngenxa yalokho, umoni walimaza abantu abathathu. UReagan uqobo walinyazwa emaphashini yizinhlamvu ezigingqika emotweni eseduze.
Lo sopolitiki uphuthunyiswe esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo, lapho odokotela bekwazile ukwenza umsebenzi ngempumelelo. Umdubuli utholakale egula ngengqondo wathunyelwa emtholampilo ukuze athole ukwelashwa okuyimpoqo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi phambilini uHinckley wayehlele ukubulala uJimmy Carter, enethemba lokuthi ngale ndlela wayezoheha umlingisi wefilimu uJodie Foster, ayemthanda.
Inqubomgomo yasekhaya neyangaphandle
Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi kaReagan ibisuselwa ekusikeni izinhlelo zomphakathi nokusiza ibhizinisi. Le ndoda iphinde yathola ukusikeka kwentela futhi yenyusa imali yezakhiwo zamasosha. Ngo-1983, umnotho waseMelika waqala ukuqinisa. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweminyaka eyi-8, uReagan wazuza le miphumela elandelayo.
- ukwehla kwamandla emali ezweni kwehle cishe amahlandla amathathu;
- isibalo sabangasebenzi sinciphile;
- ukwabiwa kwemali okwandisiwe;
- intela ephezulu yehle isuka ku-70% yaya ku-28%.
- ukwanda kokukhula kwe-GDP;
- ususe intela kuzinzuzo zomoya;
- izinkomba eziphezulu sezitholakele ekulweni nokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa.
Inqubomgomo kamongameli yezangaphandle yabangela ukusabela okuhlukahlukene emphakathini. Ngokomyalo wakhe, ngo-Okthoba 1983, amasosha ase-US ahlasela iGrenada. Eminyakeni engu-4 ngaphambi kokuhlasela, kwenziwa umbuso waseGrenada, lapho abalandeli beMarxism-Leninism bathatha khona amandla.
URonald Reagan uchaze izenzo zakhe ngokusongela okungenzeka ebhekene nokwakhiwa kwamasosha aseSoviet-Cuba eCaribbean. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zobutha eGrenada, kwasungulwa uhulumeni omusha, ngemuva kwalokho ibutho laseMelika lashiya izwe.
Ngaphansi kukaReagan, iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yanda futhi kwenziwa impi enkulu. iNational Endowment for Democracy yasungulwa ngenhloso "yokukhuthaza izifiso zabantu ngentando yeningi."
Ngesikhathi sesibili, ubudlelwano bokuxhumana phakathi kweLibya ne-United States busalokhu bushubile. Isizathu salokhu kwakuyisigameko esenzeka eBay of Sidra ngo-1981, kwase kuba ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula okuphelele kwidiski yaseBerlin, okwabulala 2 kwalimala amasosha aseMelika angama-63.
UReagan uthe ukuqhuma kwamabhomu ku-disco kuyalwe nguhulumeni waseLibya. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngo-Ephreli 15, 1986, inani lemigomo eyayihlosiwe eLibya yahlaselwa ngamabhomu aqhutshwa emoyeni.
Kamuva, kwaba nehlazo elithi "Iran-Contra" elihlotshaniswa nokuhlinzekwa kwezikhali eziyimfihlo e-Iran ukuxhasa abashokobezi abalwa nobukhomanisi eNicaragua, eyathola ukwaziswa kabanzi. Umongameli ubebambe iqhaza kulo, kanye nezinye izikhulu eziphezulu.
Lapho uMikhail Gorbachev eba yinhloko entsha ye-USSR, ubudlelwano phakathi kwamazwe baqala ukuthuthuka kancane kancane. Ngo-1987, omongameli bemibuso emibili emikhulu basayina isivumelwano esibalulekile sokuqeda izikhali zenuzi eziphakathi nendawo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaReagan wayengumlingisi uJane Wyman, owayemncane kuye ngeminyaka eyisithupha. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane ezimbili - uMaureen noChristina, abashona besebancane.
Ngo-1948, lo mbhangqwana wamukela umfana uMichael, futhi bahlukana ngawo lowo nyaka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uJane wayengumsunguli wehlukaniso.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uRonald washada noNancy Davis, owayengumlingisi futhi. Le nyunyana kuvele ukuthi yinde futhi ijabule. Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana waba nendodakazi, uPatricia nendodana, uRon. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubudlelwano bukaNancy nezingane babunzima kakhulu.
Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuthi owesifazane akhulume noPatricia, imibono yabalondolozi yabazali bakhe, amaRiphabhuliki, ayengaziwa. Kamuva, intombazane izoshicilela izincwadi eziningi ezilwa noReagan, iphinde ibe yilungu lezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezilwa nohulumeni.
Ukufa
Ngasekupheleni kuka-1994, kwatholakala ukuthi uReagan unesifo i-Alzheimer's, esamhlupha iminyaka eyishumi elandelayo yokuphila kwakhe. URonald Reagan ushone ngoJuni 5, 2004 eneminyaka engama-93. Imbangela yokufa kwaba yi-pneumonia ngenxa yesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Izithombe zeReagan
