UPublius Ovid Nazon (43 g. Umbhali wezinkondlo "Metamorphoses" kanye "Science of Love", kanye nezindondo - "Love Elegies" kanye "Nezinsizi Elegies." Wayenethonya elikhulu emibhalweni yaseYurophu, kuhlanganise noPushkin, owathi ngo-1821 wanikezela umyalezo omkhulu wezinkondlo kuye.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Ovid, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane ka-Ovid.
Umlando ka-Ovid
U-Ovid wazalwa ngoMashi 20, 43 edolobheni laseSulmo. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini owawungowesigaba sama-equit (abagibeli bamahhashi).
Ubuntwana nentsha
Njengoba ubaba ka-Ovid wayengumuntu ocebile, wakwazi ukunikeza izingane zakhe imfundo enhle.
Ithalente lomfana lokubhala laqala ukuzibonakalisa ebuntwaneni. Ikakhulu, wakwazi ukuqamba ama-elegies kalula. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi noma ngabe kwakudingeka ukuthi abhale iprozi, wavele waqamba izinkondlo.
Ngemuva kokuthola imfundo yakhe, u-Ovid, ngaphansi kwengcindezi kayise, wangena kuhulumeni, kodwa kungekudala wanquma ukuyishiya ngenxa yokubhala.
Inhloko yomndeni yayiphatheke kabi kakhulu ngesinqumo sendodana yayo, kepha u-Ovid wayezimisele ukwenza lokho akuthandayo. Wathatha uhambo, evakashele e-Athene, e-Asia Minor naseSicily.
Kamuva u-Ovid wajoyina iqembu lezimbongi ezidumile, umholi wazo kwakunguMark Valerius Messal Corvinus. Lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-18 ubudala, waqala ukwenza phambi kwezilaleli ngemisebenzi yakhe. Kwakusukela kulo mzuzu lapho ababhali bezindaba zika-Ovid baqala ukubala impilo yakhe yokudala.
Izinkondlo
Kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25, u-Ovid ngokuyinhloko waqamba izinkondlo zamatimu wezocansi. Inkondlo yakhe yokuqala ethi "Heroids".
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi namuhla ubuqiniso bamavesi athile buyabuzwa, kepha ezinkondlweni eziningi, ukubhala kuka-Ovid akungatshazwa.
Amarobhothi akhe okuqala afaka phakathi iqoqo lezinkondlo elithi "Amores", elibhalwe ngomoya wezingoma ezifanayo zothando. U-Ovid wanikezela kumngani wakhe uCorinne. Wakwazi ukudlulisa ngobuciko imizwa yomuntu, eqondiswa yisipiliyoni sakhe nokubona abantu ababemzungezile.
Kwakungemva kokushicilelwa kwaleli qoqo lapho u-Ovid athola khona ukuthandwa okukhulu. Wayengomunye wezimbongi ezinethalente kakhulu eRoma. Kamuva washicilela inhlekelele iMedea nomsebenzi omkhulu weSayensi Yothando.
Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bafundela othandekayo wabo izinkondlo zika-Ovid, bezama ukuveza imizwa yabo ngosizo lwabo.
Ngonyaka ongu-1 u-Ovid wethule enye inkondlo ethi "The Medicine for Love", ngemuva kwalokho wabonwa njengomunye wabadlali ababedlula bonke. Bekuqondiswe emadodeni afuna ukuqeda amakhosikazi namantombazane acasulayo.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, esegcwele imisebenzi ye-elegiac, imbongi yabhala inkondlo eyisisekelo ethi "Metamorphoses". Yethula isithombe sezinganekwane zomhlaba kusukela ekubukekeni kwesikhala kuze kube sekuthathweni kukaJulius Caesar.
Ezincwadini eziyi-15, u-Ovid uchaze izinganekwane zakudala ezingama-250, ezixhumene kuzo zombili izindawo ezinendawo nezindawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i- "Metamorphoses" yathathwa njengomsebenzi wakhe omuhle kakhulu.
Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, u-Ovid naye wasebenza eqoqweni lama-couplets - "Fasty". Wayehlose ukuchaza zonke izinyanga zekhalenda, amaholide, amasiko, izinto zemvelo futhi anikeze amaqiniso ahlukahlukene athakazelisayo. Kodwa-ke, kwakumele awuyeke lo msebenzi, ngenxa yokungathandwa nguMbusi u-Augustus.
Ngokusobala u-Augustus, owathi kamuva wayala ukuba u-Ovid asuswe eRoma aye edolobheni laseTomis, wayethukuthele ngalezi zingoma ngenxa yephutha "elingaziwa" kwenye yezinkondlo zakhe. Ababhali bezindaba zomlando weLyric basikisela ukuthi umbusi wayengawuthandi lo msebenzi, owawubukela phansi imikhuba nezimiso zombuso.
Ngokusho kolunye uhlobo, ubuciko bekuyizaba nje ezilula zokususa u-Ovid, efihla izinhloso zepolitiki noma zomuntu siqu.
Ngenkathi esekudingisweni, u-Ovid wazizwa enesifiso esiqinile seRoma, ngenxa yalokho waqamba imisebenzi yokulila. Wabhala amaqoqo ama-2 - "Sorrowful Elegies" kanye "Nezincwadi ezivela ePhontu" (9-12 AD).
Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Ovid wadala lo msebenzi "i-Ibis", owakhiwa njengesiqalekiso, esishiwo ngumpristi e-altare. Ososayensi namanje abakwazi ukufika ekuvumelaneni ngokuthi ngubani ngempela lesi siqalekiso esibhekiswe kuye.
"Ama-Elegies adabukisayo" abe ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu wolwazi maqondana nobuciko bomuntu nobuciko buka-Ovid.
Emsebenzini wakhe, umbhali uchaze impilo yansuku zonke ngesikhathi sempilo yakhe eyihlazo, wanikeza izimpikiswano ezizwakalayo, waphendukela ezihlotsheni nakubangane, futhi wacela noxolo nensindiso.
Ezincwadini ezivela ePhontu, ukuphelelwa yithemba kuka-Ovid kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba. Unxusa abangani bakhe ukuba bamlamulele ngaphambi kuka-Agasti futhi bakhulume ngempilo yakhe enzima kude nezwe lakhe.
Engxenyeni yokugcina yeqoqo imbongi icele isitha ukuthi simyeke simyeke afe ngokuthula.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kusukela emisebenzini ka-Ovid kwaziwa ukuthi wayeshade kathathu.
Unkosikazi wokuqala we-lyricist, owashada naye ngokugcizelela kukayise, kwakufanele amvikele ekuxakekeni nasempilweni engenamsebenzi. Nokho, imizamo unkosikazi kwaba yize. Umfana waqhubeka nokuphila impilo engenzi lutho, enamakhosikazi amaningi.
Ngenxa yalokho, unkosikazi wanquma ukuhlukana no-Ovid ngemuva nje komshado wabo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umculi wezingoma washada ngokuthanda kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, le nyunyana ayihlalanga isikhathi eside.
Okwesithathu, u-Ovid washada nentombazane egama linguFabia, owayemthanda kakhulu futhi efuna ugqozi kuye. Ngenxa yakhe, indoda yayeka ukuphila impilo enodlame, ichitha sonke isikhathi nomkayo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uFabia wayenendodakazi evela emshadweni owedlule. U-Ovid wayengenazo izingane zakhe.
I-idyll yothando yaphazanyiswa ukuxoshwa kwembongi kuTomis, lapho azithola eyedwa ngokuphelele khona. Ababhali be-biographer basikisela ukuthi uFabia wayexhunywe ngandlela thile nomndeni onethonya wabazali, ngenxa yalokho akwazi ukuxhasa umyeni wakhe ekudingisweni.
Ukufa
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ekudingisweni, u-Ovid wayelangazelela kakhulu iRoma nomndeni wakhe. Izihlobo nabangane abakwazanga ukuncenga umbusi ukuba amzwele.
Ngokwenye yezingcaphuno ezithandwayo, u-Ovid waphupha “ngokufa phakathi kwabasebenzi,” okwenzeka kamuva.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokubhala izincwadi ezivela ePontus, u-Ovid washona ngo-17 (18) AD. eneminyaka engama-59. Imbangela ngqo yokufa kwakhe ayikaziwa.
Izithombe zika-Ovid
