ULudwig Joseph Johann Wittgenstein (1889-1951) - Isazi sefilosofi sase-Austrian kanye ne-logician, omele ifilosofi yokuhlaziya, esinye sezazi zefilosofi ezinkulu zekhulu lama-20. Umbhali wohlelo lokwakhiwa kolimi lokuzenzisa "oluhle", okuyi-prototype yalo ulimi lomqondo wezibalo.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaWittgenstein, esizokhuluma ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaLudwig Wittgenstein.
Umlando weWittgenstein
ULudwig Wittgenstein wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 26, 1889 eVienna. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini we-oligarch yensimbi owazalwa ngamaJuda uKarl Wittgenstein noLeopoldina Kalmus. Wayenguthunjana ezinganeni ze-8 zabazali bakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Inhloko yomndeni wayengomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu eYurophu. Wayehlele ukukhulisa osomabhizinisi abacebile emadodaneni akhe. Mayelana nalokhu, le ndoda yanquma ukungathumeli izingane zayo esikoleni, kodwa ukuzinika imfundo yasekhaya.
UKarl Wittgenstein wahlukaniswa ngumlingiswa wakhe onokhahlo, ngenxa yalokho wafuna ukulalelwa okungathandabuzeki kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni. Lokhu kuyithinte kabi i-psyche yezingane. Ngenxa yalokho, ebusheni babo, abafowethu abathathu kwabahlanu baseLudwig bazibulala.
Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni uWittgenstein Sr. akhulule futhi avumele uLudwig noPaul ukuthi baye esikoleni esijwayelekile. ULudwig wakhetha ukuba yedwa, ethola amamaki aphakathi nendawo futhi wakuthola kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ulimi olufanayo nabanye abafana.
Kukhona inguqulo uLudwig afunda ngayo ekilasini elifanayo no-Adolf Hitler. Ngokulandelayo, umfowabo uPaul waba ngumdlali wopiyano oqeqeshiwe. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngenkathi elahlekelwa yisandla sokunene empini, uPaul wakwazi ukuqhubeka nokudlala insimbi.
Ebusheni bakhe, Wittgenstein waba nesithakazelo kwezobunjiniyela, bese design izindiza. Ngokuyinhloko, wayehlanganyela ekwakhiweni komphehli. Wabe eseqala ukukhombisa intshisekelo enkingeni yezisekelo zefilosofi zezibalo.
Ifilosofi
Lapho uLudwig eneminyaka engaba ngu-22 ubudala, wangena eCambridge, lapho ayengumsizi nomngane kaBertrand Russell khona. Lapho ubaba wakhe edlula emhlabeni ngo-1913, usosayensi osemusha waba ngomunye wabantu abacebe kakhulu eYurophu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uWittgenstein wahlukanisela izihlobo ifa, futhi wabela nengxenye ethile yezimali ukuxhasa abantu bokudala. Yena uqobo wazinza esigodini saseNorway, wabhala "Amanothi kuLogic" lapho.
Ucwaningo lomuntu luye lwafanisa imibono ngezinkinga zolimi. Uphakamise ukuphatha i-tautology emishweni njengeqiniso, nokubheka ukuphikisana njengokukhohlisa.
Ngo-1914 uLudwig Wittgenstein waya phambili. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu wathathwa njengesiboshwa. Ngenkathi esejele lekamu lempi, wacishe wabhala ngokuphelele incwadi yakhe edumile ethi "Logical and Philosophical Treatise", okuvele ukuthi kwaba yisasasa langempela kuwo wonke umhlaba wefilosofi.
Kodwa-ke, uWittgenstein akazange alangazelele udumo olwamehlela ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwalo msebenzi. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wafundisa esikoleni sasemakhaya, futhi kamuva wasebenza njengomlimi engadini esigodlweni sezindela.
ULudwig wayeqiniseka ukuthi zonke izinkinga eziyinhloko zefilosofi esivumelwaneni sakhe zase zixazululiwe, kodwa ngo-1926 wahlaziya imibono yakhe. Umbhali wabona ukuthi izinkinga zisekhona, futhi eminye imibono evezwe encwadini yakhe ayilungile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uWittgenstein waba ngumbhali wesichazamazwi sezingane sokubiza amagama nesipelingi. Ngasikhathi sinye wenza izichibiyelo eziningi ku- "Logical-Philosophical Treatise", eyaqala ukumela ama-aphorism ayi-7.
Umqondo obalulekile kwaba ubunikazi besakhiwo esinengqondo solimi nokwakheka komhlaba. Ngokulandelayo, umhlaba wawunamaqiniso, hhayi izinto, njengoba wethulwa ezinhlelweni eziningi zefilosofi.
Ulimi lonke alunalutho ngaphandle kwencazelo ephelele yakho konke okusemhlabeni, okungukuthi, wawo wonke amaqiniso. Ulimi luyayilalela imithetho yengqondo futhi luzibophezela ekwenziweni ngokusemthethweni. Yonke imisho ephikisana nomqondo ayenzi mqondo. Okungachazwa kungenziwa.
Lesi sivumelwano siphele nge-aphorism yesikhombisa, efundeka kanjena: "Okungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma ngakho kufanele sithule ngakho." Kodwa-ke, lesi sitatimende savusa ukugxekwa ngisho naphakathi kwabalandeli bakaLudwig Wittgenstein, maqondana nokunquma ukubuyekeza le mfundiso.
Ngenxa yalokhu, isazi sefilosofi saba nemibono emisha eveza ulimi njengohlelo oluguqukayo lwezimo, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuphikisana. Manje umsebenzi wefilosofi kwakuwukudala imithetho elula neqondakalayo yokusetshenziswa kwamayunithi wezilimi nokuqeda ukuphikisana.
Imibono yamuva kaWittgenstein yasiza ekufundiseni ifilosofi yezilimi, futhi yathonya nohlamvu lwefilosofi yanamuhla yokuhlaziya i-Anglo-American. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngesisekelo semibono yakhe, kwakhiwa umbono we-positivism enengqondo.
Ngo-1929 uLudwig wazinza eGreat Britain, lapho asebenza khona njengomfundisi eTrinity College. Ngemuva kwe-Anschluss ngo-1938, waba yisakhamuzi saseJalimane. Njengoba wazi, amaNazi aphatha amaJuda ngenzondo ethile, ewahlukumeza futhi ecindezela.
UWittgenstein nezihlobo zakhe kwaba ngomunye wamaJuda ambalwa anikezwa isikhundla esikhethekile sobandlululo nguHitler. Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamakhono ososayensi. Wathola ubuzwe baseBrithani ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ngalesi sikhathi ama-biographies uLudwig wafundisa ngezibalo nefilosofi eCambridge. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945), washiya umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi ukuze asebenze ngokuhlelekile kwesinye sezibhedlela. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, washiya i-University of Cambridge wagxila ekubhaleni.
UWittgenstein wasebenzela ukuthuthukisa ifilosofi entsha yolimi. Umsebenzi obalulekile waleso sikhathi kwakuyiFilosofi Research, eyashicilelwa ngemuva kokushona kombhali.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
ULudwig wayethandana nabesilisa nabesifazane, okungukuthi, wayenobudlelwano obuseduze nabesifazane nabesilisa. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1920, wahlangana neSwitzerland Margarita Resinger.
Kwaphela iminyaka engu-5, intombazane yakhuthazelela indlela yokuphila kaWittgenstein yokuzincisha, kodwa ngemuva kohambo oluya eNorway, ukubekezela kwakhe kwaphela. Lapho wagcina ebonile ukuthi wayengeke aphile ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa nesazi sefilosofi.
Abathandi bakaLudwig okungenani babe ngabantu abathathu: UDavid Pincent, uFrancis Skinner noBen Richards. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi usosayensi wayene-pitch ephelele, njengomculi omuhle kakhulu. Wayengumbazi futhi engumakhi wezakhiwo.
Ukufa
ULudwig Wittgenstein ushone ngo-Ephreli 29, 1951 eneminyaka engama-62. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba umdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Wangcwatshwa ngokwesiko lamaKhatholika kwelinye lamathuna aseCambridge.
Izithombe zeWittgenstein
