Suleiman I the Magnificent (Qanuni; 1494-1566) - uSultan we-10 woMbuso Wase-Ottoman kanye noCaliph wama-89 kusukela ngo-1538. Ubhekwa njengomuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke bomndeni wase-Ottoman; ngaphansi kwakhe, i-Ottoman Porta ifinyelele phezulu.
EYurophu, uSultan uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi uSuleiman oMangalisayo, kanti ezweni lamaSulumane, uSuleiman Qanuni.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaSuleiman Magnificent, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaSuleiman I the Magnificent.
I-Biography kaSuleiman Omkhulu Kakhulu
USuleiman the Magnificent wazalwa ngoNovemba 6, 1494 (noma ngo-Ephreli 27, 1495) edolobheni laseTurkey iTrabzon. Wakhulela emndenini kaSultan woMbuso Wase-Ottoman uSelim I nesancinza sakhe uHafsah the Sultan.
Umfana wathola imfundo enhle kakhulu, ngoba esikhathini esizayo wayezokwazi kahle izindaba zombuso. Ebusheni bakhe, wayengumbusi wezifundazwe ezi-3, kufaka phakathi i-vassal Crimean Khanate.
Ngisho nalapho, uSuleiman wazibonakalisa njengombusi ohlakaniphile, owawina abantu bakubo. Wahola umbuso wase-Ottoman eneminyaka engama-26.
Ehlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi, uSuleiman the Magnificent wayala ukuthi kukhululwe ejele lamakhulu amaGibhithe athunjiwe aqhamuka emindenini ehloniphekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, wakwazi ukusungula ubudlelwane bezohwebo nezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene.
Lesi senzo sijabulise abaseYurophu, ababenethemba elikhulu lokuthula kwesikhathi eside, kepha abakulindele kwaba yize. Yize uSuleiman wayengekho owomela igazi njengoyise, wayesenobuthakathaka bokunqoba.
Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle
Ngemuva konyaka enyukele esihlalweni sobukhosi, uSultan wathumela amanxusa ama-2 enkosini yaseHungary naseBohemia - Lajos, efisa ukuthola inkokhiso kuye. Kodwa njengoba uLaishou esemncane, izikhonzi zakhe zakwenqaba okwakushiwo ama-Ottoman, zafaka inxusa ejele.
Lapho kwaziwa uSuleiman I, wayolwa nabangalaleli. Ngo-1521 amasosha akhe athumba inqaba iSabac base bevimbezela iBelgrade. Idolobha lamelana ngokusemandleni alo, kodwa lapho kuphela amasosha angu-400 ezinsizeni zawo, inqaba yawa, futhi abaseTurkey babulala bonke abasinda.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uSuleiman Omkhulu wawina ukunqoba ngakunye, waba ngomunye wababusi abanamandla nabanamandla kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Kamuva waphatha uLwandle Olubomvu, iHungary, i-Algeria, iTunisia, isiqhingi saseRhodes, i-Iraq nezinye izindawo.
IBlack Sea nezindawo ezisempumalanga yeMedithera nazo zaba ngaphansi kokulawulwa kweSultan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaseTurkey banqoba iSlavonia, iTransylvania, iBosnia neHerzegovina.
Ngo-1529, uSuleiman I the Magnificent, nebutho labantu abangu-120,000, walwa ne-Austria, kodwa wehluleka ukuyinqoba. Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukugqashuka kwesifo esadlula nemiphefumulo yamalunga amasosha amathathu aseTurkey.
Mhlawumbe kuphela amazwe aseRussia ayengathandisi uSuleiman. Wayebheka iRussia njengesifundazwe esiyisithulu. Futhi abaseTurkey ngezikhathi ezithile bahlasela amadolobha wombuso waseMuscovite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iCrimea Khan yafika nasenhlokodolobha, kepha umkhankaso omkhulu wezempi awuzange uhleleke.
Ekupheleni kokubusa kukaSuleiman Omkhulu Kakhulu, uMbuso Wase-Ottoman wawusube umbuso onamandla kakhulu emlandweni wezwe lamaSulumane. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yobuciko bezempi, uSultan wenza imikhankaso emikhulu eyi-13, okuyi-10 eYurophu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, inkulumo ethi "AbaseTurkey emasangweni" yathusa bonke abantu baseYurophu, kanti noSuleiman uqobo wahlonzwa noMphikukristu. Yize kunjalo imikhankaso yamasosha yenze umonakalo omkhulu komgcinimafa. Izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezimali ezitholwe ngumgcinimafa zisetshenziselwe ukugcina ibutho elinamandla angama-200,000.
Inqubomgomo yasekhaya
USuleiman wabizwa nge- “Magnificent” ngesizathu. Wayephumelela hhayi emkhakheni wezempi kuphela, kodwa nasezindabeni zangaphakathi zombuso. Ngomthetho wakhe, ikhodi yemithetho ivuselelwe, esebenza ngempumelelo kuze kube yikhulu lama-20.
Ukubulawa nokugencwa kwezigebengu kwehle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abamukela izifumbathiso, ofakazi bamanga nalabo abenza imali mbumbulu baqhubeka nokulahlekelwa yisandla sokudla.
USuleiman wayala ukuthi anciphise ingcindezi ye-Sharia - iqoqo lemiyalo enquma izinkolelo, kanye nokwakha unembeza wenkolo nezindinganiso zokuziphatha zamaSulumane.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abamele izinkolelo ezahlukahlukene baphila eduze koMbuso Wase-Ottoman. I-Sultan iyalele ukwakhiwa kwemithetho yezwe, kepha ezinye zezinguquko azizange zenziwe ngenxa yezimpi ezivamile.
Ngaphansi kukaSuleiman 1 the Magnificent, uhlelo lwezemfundo lwathuthuka kakhulu. Izikole ezintsha zamabanga aphansi zazivulwa njalo kuhulumeni, futhi abaphothule babenelungelo lokuqhubeka nemfundo yabo emakolishi. Futhi, umbusi unake kakhulu ubuciko bokwakha.
Umklami oyintandokazi kaSuleiman - uSinan, wakha amathempeli amakhulu amathathu: iSelimiye, iSehzade neSuleymaniye, eyaba yisibonelo sesitayela se-Ottoman. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uSultan wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu ezinkondlweni.
Le ndoda uqobo lwayo yabhala izinkondlo, yaphinde yanikeza ukusekela kubabhali abaningi. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, izinkondlo zase-Ottoman zaziphezulu kakhulu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi isikhundla esisha savela kuhulumeni - umlandeli onesigqi.
Okuthunyelwe okunjalo kwamukelwa yizimbongi okwakumele zichaze imicimbi yamanje ngesitayela sezinkondlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSuleiman Magnificent wayebhekwa njengomkhandi wensimbi oncomekayo, uqobo lwakhe efaka izinganono, kanye nochwepheshe wobucwebe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ababhali bezindaba zikaSuleiman namanje abakavumelani ngokuthi empeleni babebangaki abesifazane ezindlini zakhe. Kuyaziwa kuphela ngezintandokazi ezisemthethweni zombusi, owamzalela izingane.
Isancinza sokuqala sendlalifa eneminyaka engu-17 kwakuyintombazane egama linguFülane. Babenengane ejwayelekile, uMahmud, owabulawa yingxibongo eneminyaka engu-9. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uFülane wadlala cishe indima ku-Sultan biography.
Kusukela kwisancinza sesibili, uGulfem Khatun, uSuleiman the Magnificent waba nendodana, uMurad, naye owafa esemncane ngengxibongo. Ngo-1562, owesifazane waklinywa ngomyalo wombusi. Isancinza sesithathu sale ndoda kwakunguMahidevran Sultan.
Kwaphela iminyaka engu-20, waba nethonya elikhulu endaweni yabafazi nasenkantolo, kepha wayengeke abe ngumfazi kaSuleiman the Magnificent. Ushiye umbuso nendodana yakhe uMustafa, owayengumbusi wesinye sezifundazwe. UMustafa kamuva wagwetshwa intambo esolwa ngokwakha uzungu.
Intandokazi elandelayo nesancinza kuphela sikaSultan, esashada naye ngo-1534, kwakunguKhyurrem Sultan othunjiwe, owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi uRoksolana.
URoksolana wakwazi ukuthonya kahle izinqumo zomyeni wakhe. Ngomyalo wakhe, wasusa amadodana azalwa ngamanye amashweshwe. U-Alexandra Anastasia Lisowska wazala umyeni wakhe intombazane uMihrimah namadodana ama-5
Enye yamadodana, uSelim, wahola uMbuso wase-Ottoman ngemuva kokushona kukayise. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, umbuso waqala ukuphela. USultan omusha wayethanda ukuchitha isikhathi ebumnandini, kunokwenza izindaba zombuso.
Ukufa
USuleiman washona, njengoba ayefuna, empini. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi kuvinjezelwa isigodlo saseHungary iSzigetavr. USuleiman I the Magnificent ushone ngoSepthemba 6, 1566 eneminyaka engama-71. Wangcwatshwa ethuneni, eduze kwethempeli iRoksolana.
Isithombe sikaSuleiman oMangalisayo
