UFrederic Chopin, igama eligcwele - uFryderyk Franciszek Chopin (1810-1849) - Umqambi wasePoland nomshayi wopiyano onemvelaphi yaseFrance nasePoland. Eminyakeni yakhe evuthiwe wayehlala futhi esebenza eFrance.
Omunye wabamele uKhiye wezothando lomculo laseNtshonalanga Yurophu, umsunguli wesikole sezwe lasePoland. Waba nomthelela omkhulu emculweni womhlaba.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaChopin, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaFryderyk Chopin.
I-biography kaChopin
UFryderyk Chopin wazalwa ngoMashi 1, 1810 edolobhaneni lasePoland iZhelyazova Wola. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ohlakaniphile.
Uyise, uNicolas Chopin, wayenguthisha wesiFulentshi nesiJalimane. Umama, u-Tekla Justina Kshizhanovskaya, wayenemfundo enhle kakhulu, wadlala kahle upiyano futhi enezwi elihle.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngaphezu kukaFryderyk, emndenini wakwaChopin - amantombazane amathathu azalwa - uLudwika, Isabella no-Emilia. Umfana waqala ukubonisa amakhono omculo avelele ebuntwaneni.
NjengoMozart, ingane yayizifela ngokoqobo ngomculo, ifunela ukuthuthuka kanye nepiyano elingaphakathi. Ngenkathi elalele lokhu noma lokho kuqanjwa, uChopin angavele akhale izinyembezi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wayevame ukugxuma embhedeni wakhe ebusuku aqophe umculo awukhumbulayo.
Kakade eneminyaka engu-5, uFryderyk waqala ukunikeza amakhonsathi, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2 wafunda nomdlali wopiyano odumile uWojciech Zhivny. Isitshudeni sathuthukisa amakhono aso omculo ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuthi lapho sineminyaka engu-12 saba ngomunye wabashayi bepiyano abahamba phambili ezweni.
Lokhu kuholele ekutheni umeluleki kaChopin wenqabe ukuqhubeka nokufundisa lo mfana, ngoba wayengasakwazi ukumnikeza ulwazi olusha. Ngaphezu kwezifundo zepiyano, uFryderyk wafunda esikoleni. Lapho ethweswa iziqu, waqala ukuya emakilasini emfundiso nomqambi uJozef Elsner.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nsizwa yahlangana neNkosana u-Anton Radziwill, owamsiza ukuba azithole esemphakathini ophakeme. Ngesikhathi se-biography, i-virtuoso yayivele ivakashele amazwe amaningi aseYurophu, futhi yavakashela noMbuso WaseRussia. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwakhe kwamhlaba umxhwele u-Alexander I kangangokuba umbusi wanikeza lo mfundi osemncane indandatho yedayimane.
Umculo nokufundisa
Lapho uChopin eneminyaka engu-19, waqala ukuvakasha okusebenzayo emadolobheni nasemazweni ahlukahlukene. Kodwa uhambo lokuqala lwaseYurophu, olwaluhlelwe ngonyaka olandelayo, kwaba ukuhlukana noWarsaw wakhe amthandayo.
Ukwehlukaniswa nezwe lakubo kuzoba imbangela yosizi lukaFrederick oluqhubekayo olufihlekile. Ngo-1830, wafunda ngokuvukela kwenkululeko kwePoland, mayelana nokuthi wayefuna ukubamba iqhaza kuyo. Kodwa-ke, esendleleni, waziswa ngokucindezelwa kwalolu dlame, okwamcasula kakhulu lo mculi.
Ngenxa yalokho, uChopin wahlala eFrance. Ekhumbula umzabalazo wenkululeko, wabhala izifundo zokuqala ezi-1, kubandakanya ne-Revolutionary Study edumile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umqambi akakaze aye ezweni lakhe.
EFrance, uFrederic wayevame ukudlala emizini yezicukuthwane, angavamile ukunikeza amakhonsathi agcwele. Wayenabashisekeli abaningi nabangane ababambe iqhaza kwezobuciko. Wayengumngane nabaculi abavelele njengoSchumann, Mendelssohn, Liszt, Berlioz noBellini.
UChopin ubhalele imisebenzi eminingi upiyano. Ehlatshwe umxhwele izinkondlo zika-Adam Mickiewicz, wakhe ama-ballads amane, awanikezela ePoland ayithandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba umbhali wamakhonsathi ama-2, ama-sonata ama-3, ama-scherzo ama-4, kanye nama-nocturnes amaningi, ama-etudes, ama-mazurkas, ama-polonaise neminye imisebenzi yepiyano.
Ababhali bomlando kaFryderyk Chopin baphawula ukuthi i-waltz uhlobo olusondelene kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Ama-waltzes akhe abonisa imizwa nokujabula kwakhe.
Le ndoda yahlukaniswa ngokungaguquguquki nokuzihlukanisa, ngenxa yalokho kuphela labo abazi kahle imisebenzi yomqambi abangakwazi ubuntu bakhe. Esinye seziqongo zomsebenzi wakhe sithathwa njengomjikelezo oqukethe izandulela ezingama-24. Yadalwa ngesikhathi se-biography, lapho i-virtuoso iqala ukuzwa uthando nokuhlukana.
Ngemuva kokuthola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, uFryderyk waba nentshisekelo yokufundisa upiyano. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi waba ngumlobi wohlelo oluyingqayizivele lwepiyano olusize abashayi bepiyano abaningi ukuthi bafinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme emculweni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kwakukhona amantombazane amaningi avela emphakathini ophakeme. Kodwa-ke, amacala akhe adume kakhulu kwakungu-Adolf Gutmann, owathi kamuva waba ngumshayi wopiyano nomhleli womculo oncomekayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Empilweni yomuntu siqu yomqambi, akubanga yikho konke okwakukuhle njengaku-biography yakhe yokudala. Isithandwa sakhe sokuqala kwakunguMaria Wodzińska. Ngemuva kokuthembisana, abazali bakaMaria bagcizelela ukuthi umshado udlalwe ngemuva konyaka kuphela. Ngakho-ke, umukhwe nomkhwekazi kaChopin babefuna ukuqiniseka ngenhlalakahle yempahla yomkhwenyana wakhe.
Ngenxa yalokho, uFrederick akazange afinyelele kulokho ababekulindele, futhi ukubandakanyeka kwaqedwa. Le nsizwa yadlula ekuhlukaneni okunzima kakhulu nesithandwa sayo, izwakalisa ubuhlungu bayo emisebenzini eminingana. Ikakhulu, kwaba lapho lapho kwakhiwa khona i-Sonata yesibili, ingxenye yayo ehamba kancane eyayibizwa nge- "Funeral March".
Ngokushesha, uChopin waqala ukuthandana no-Aurora Dupin, owaziwa kangcono ngaphansi kwegama lomgunyathi uGeorges Sand. Wayengumsekeli wobufazi besifazane obusanda kuvela. Le ntombazane ayizange inanaze ukugqoka amasudi amadoda futhi yakhetha ubudlelwane obuvulekile nabobulili obuhlukile.
Isikhathi eside, abantu abasha bafihla ubuhlobo babo emphakathini. Ngokuyinhloko, bachitha isikhathi endlini yangasese yabathandekayo babo eMallorca. Yilapho uFrederick aqala khona ukugula okwaba yimbangela yokufa kwakhe okungazelelwe.
Isimo sezulu sesiqhingi esiswakeme nokuxabana njalo ne-Aurora kubangele isifo sofuba eChopin. Abantu besikhathi salowo muntu babethi le ntombazane ebusayo ibinomthelela omkhulu kulo mculi ongachemile.
Ukufa
Ukuhlangana iminyaka eyishumi noDupin, okugcwele ukuhlolwa kokuziphatha, kube nomthelela omubi kakhulu esimweni sempilo kaFrederick. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukana naye ngo-1847 kwamlethela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, wanikeza ikhonsathi yakhe yokugcina eLondon, ngemuva kwalokho wagula wangabe esasukuma.
UFryderyk Chopin ushone ngo-Okthoba 5 (17), 1849 eneminyaka engama-39. Imbangela yokufa kwakhe kwaba isifo sofuba esiqhubekayo. Ngokwentando yokugcina yomculi, inhliziyo yakhe yathathwa yaya ekhaya, futhi isidumbu sakhe sangcwatshwa emathuneni odumile aseParis Pere Lachaise. Isitsha esinenhliziyo manje sigcinwa kwelinye lamasonto aseWarsaw.
Izithombe ze-Chopin
