U-Ernesto Che Guevara

U-Ernesto Che Guevara (igama eligcwele U-Ernesto Guevara; 1928-1967) - Inguquko yaseLatin American, umphathi wezinguquko zaseCuba ngo-1959 kanye nezwe laseCuba.

Ngaphezu kwezwekazi laseLatin America, ubesebenza naseDR Congo nakwezinye izifundazwe (imininingwane isahlukaniswa njengehlukanisiwe).

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Ernesto Che Guevara, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane ka-Ernesto Guevara.

Umlando kaChe Guevara

U-Ernesto Che Guevara wazalwa ngoJuni 14, 1928 edolobheni lase-Argentina iRosario. Uyise, u-Ernesto Guevara Lynch, wayengumakhi wezakhiwo, kanti umama wakhe, uCelia De la Serna, wayeyindodakazi yomtshali. Abazali bakhe, u-Ernesto wayengowokuqala ezinganeni ze-5.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Ngemuva kokushona kwezihlobo zakhe, umama wenguquko yesikhathi esizayo wazuza ifa lomlingani - itiye laseParaguay. Owesifazane wayehlukaniswa ngozwela nobulungiswa, ngenxa yalokho wenza konke okusemandleni ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabasebenzi kule nsimu.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uCelia waqala ukukhokhela abasebenzi hhayi ngokudla, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambi kwakhe, kepha ngemali. Ngenkathi u-Ernesto Che Guevara eneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, watholakala enesifuba somoya, esasimhlupha kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.

Ukwenza ngcono impilo yengane yokuqala, abazali banquma ukuthuthela kwesinye isifunda, ngesimo sezulu esikahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, umndeni wathengisa amafa abo wayohlala esifundazweni saseCordoba, lapho uChe Guevara echithe khona bonke ubuntwana bakhe. Lezi zithandani zathenga indawo edolobheni i-Alta Gracia, elisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, u-Ernesto akakwazanga ukuya esikoleni ngenxa yempilo ebuthaka, ngakho-ke waphoqeleka ukuthola imfundo yasekhaya. Ngalesi sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, wayehlushwa yi-asthmatic nsuku zonke.

Ilukuluku lakhe laba umfana, njengoba efunde ukufunda eneminyaka engu-4. Ngemuva kokuqeda isikole, waphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo zasekolishi, ngemuva kwalokho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eyunivesithi, ekhetha i-Faculty of Medicine. Ngenxa yalokho, waba udokotela ohlinzayo nodokotela wesikhumba oqinisekisiwe.

Ngokufana nezokwelapha, uChe Guevara wakhombisa intshisekelo kwezesayensi nezepolitiki. Ufunde imisebenzi kaLenin, Marx, Engels nabanye ababhali. Ngendlela, kwakukhona izincwadi eziyizinkulungwane eziningana emtatsheni wezincwadi wabazali bale nsizwa!

U-Ernesto wayekhuluma kahle isiFulentshi, ngenxa yalokho wafunda imisebenzi yakudala yesiFulentshi kwasekuqaleni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi wafunda ngokujulile imisebenzi yesazi sefilosofi uJean-Paul Sartre, futhi wafunda nemisebenzi kaVerlaine, Baudelaire, Garcia Lorca nabanye ababhali.

UChe Guevara wayezithanda kakhulu izinkondlo, ngenxa yalokho naye wazama ukubhala izinkondlo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokushona kabuhlungu kwenguquko, kuzoshicilelwa imisebenzi yakhe eqoqwe emiqulu emibili no-9.

Ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala, u-Ernesto Che Guevara wanaka kakhulu ezemidlalo. Wayekujabulela ukudlala ibhola, ibhola lombhoxo, igalofu, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kakhulu, futhi wayekuthanda nokugibela amahhashi nezindiza ezindizayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesifuba somoya, waphoqwa ukuthi aphathe i-inhaler njalo, ayisebenzisa kaningi.

Ukuhamba

UChe Guevara waqala ukuhamba eminyakeni yakhe yokufunda. Ngo-1950, waqashwa njengomatilosi emkhunjini wezimpahla, okwaholela ekuhambeleni eBritish Guiana (manje eyiGuyana) naseTrinidad. Kamuva, wavuma ukubamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wokukhangisa wenkampani iMicron, eyammema ukuba ahambe nge-moped.

Kokuthuthwa okunjalo, u-Ernesto Che Guevara wahlanganisa ngempumelelo amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-4000, esehambele izifundazwe eziyi-12 zase-Argentina. Ukuhamba komfana akuphelanga lapho.

Ekanye nomngani wakhe, uDokotela Wezinto Eziphilayo u-Alberto Granado, uvakashele amazwe amaningi, okubalwa kuwo iChile, iPeru, iColombia neVenezuela.

Ngenkathi behamba, abantu abasha babezuza isinkwa sabo emisebenzini evamile yamatoho: babephatha abantu nezilwane, bageza izitsha emathilomu, basebenza njengabalayishi futhi benza neminye imisebenzi engcolile. Babevame ukumisa amatende ehlathini, okwakuyindawo yokuhlala yesikhashana yabo.

Kolunye lohambo lwakhe lokuya eColombia, uChe Guevara waqala wabona konke ukwesabeka kwempi yombango eyahlasela izwe lonke. Kwakungaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe lapho imizwa yokuguqula yaqala ukuvuka kuye.

Ngo-1952 u-Ernesto wagcwalisa ngempumelelo idiploma yakhe yezifo ezingezwani nokwaliwa. Esebenze kahle udokotela ohlinzayo, wasebenza isikhathi esithile ekoloni labanochoko eVenezuela, ngemuva kwalokho waya eGuatemala. Ngokushesha wathola amasamanisi ebuthweni lezempi, lapho angazange alwele ukuya khona.

Ngenxa yalokhu, uChe Guevara walingisa ukuhlaselwa yisifuba phambi kwekhomishini, lapho athola khona ukukhululwa ekusebenzeni. Ngesikhathi ehlala eGuatemala, uguquko wehlulwa yimpi. Ngokwamandla akhe onke, wasiza abaphikisi bombuso omusha ukuhambisa izikhali nokwenza ezinye izinto.

Ngemuva kokwehlulwa kwezihlubuki, u-Ernesto Che Guevara wawela ngaphansi kwengcindezelo, ngakho-ke waphoqeleka ukuba abaleke ngokushesha ezweni. Ubuyele ekhaya futhi ngo-1954 wathuthela enhlokodolobha yaseMexico. Lapha wazama ukusebenza njengentatheli, umthwebuli zithombe, umthengisi wezincwadi nomqaphi.

Kamuva, uChe Guevara wathola umsebenzi emnyangweni wokungezwani komzimba esibhedlela. Ngokushesha waqala ukufundisa futhi wahlanganyela nakwizinto zesayensi e-Institute of Cardiology.

Ehlobo lika-1955, umngani wakhe wakudala owaba ngumshisekeli wezinguquko waseCuba weza ezobona owase-Argentina. Ngemuva kwengxoxo ende, isiguli sikwazile ukuncenga uChe Guevara ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekulweni nomashiqela waseCuba.

Inguquko yaseCuba

NgoJulayi 1955, u-Ernesto wahlangana eMexico inhloko yezinguquko neyesikhathi esizayo eCuba, uFidel Castro. Abantu abasha basheshe bathola izinto abavumelana ngazo, baba ngabantu abaqavile ekuvukelweni kombuso okuzayo eCuba. Ngemuva kwesikhashana baboshwa baboshwa, ngenxa yokuvuza kolwazi oluyimfihlo.

Futhi nokho uChe noFidel bakhululwa ngenxa yokuncengelwa kwabantu bezamasiko nabomphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, bahamba ngomkhumbi baya eCuba, bengabazi ubunzima obuzayo. Olwandle, umkhumbi wabo waphuka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi kanye nabagibeli baba ngaphansi komlilo wasemoyeni ovela kuhulumeni okhona manje. Amadoda amaningi afa noma athunjwa. U-Ernesto wasinda futhi, enabantu abanomqondo ofanayo, waqala ukwenza imisebenzi yokuzibandakanya.

Ukuba sezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ezisemngceleni wokuphila nokufa, uChe Guevara wangenwa umalaleveva. Ngesikhathi elashwa, uqhubeke nokufunda ngentshiseko izincwadi, ukubhala izindaba nokugcina idayari.

Ngo-1957, amavukelambuso akwazi ukuphatha izifunda ezithile zaseCuba, kubandakanya nezintaba zaseSierra Maestra. Kancane kancane, inani lezihlubuki laqala ukukhula ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba abaningi ngokwengeziwe benganelisekile ngombuso weBatista bavela ezweni.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biography ka-Ernesto Che Guevara yanikezwa isikhundla sobusosha se "commandant", waba yinhloko yebutho lamasosha angama-75. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, i-Argentina ikhankase njengomhleli wencwadi yaseFree Cuba.

Nsuku zonke izinguquko zaba namandla amakhulu, zathatha izindawo ezintsha. Bahlangana namakhomanisi aseCuba, bathola ukunqoba okuqhubekayo. Amabutho kaChe ahlala futhi asungula amandla eLas Villas.

Ngesikhathi sokuvukelwa kombuso ngabavukeli benza izinguquko eziningi bexhasa abalimi, ngenxa yalokho bathola ukwesekwa kubo. Ezimpini zaseSanta Clara, ngoJanuwari 1, 1959, ibutho likaChe Guevara lanqoba, okuphoqa uBatista ukuba abaleke eCuba.

Ukuqashelwa nenkazimulo

Ngemuva kwenguquko eyimpumelelo, uFidel Castro waba ngumbusi waseCuba, kanti u-Ernesto Che Guevara wathola ubuzwe obusemthethweni be-republic kanye nesikhundla sikaNgqongqoshe Wezezimboni.

Ngokushesha, uChe wathatha uhambo lomhlaba, esevakashele ePakistan, eGibhithe, eSudan, eYugoslavia, e-Indonesia nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Kamuva waphathiswa izikhundla zokuba yinhloko yomnyango wezimboni kanye nenhloko ye-National Bank of Cuba.

Ngalesi sikhathi, i-biography kaChe Guevara ishicilele incwadi ethi "Guerrilla War", ngemuva kwalokho waphinde wavakashela amabhizinisi emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ekupheleni kuka-1961, wavakashela iSoviet Union, iCzechoslovakia, iChina, iDPRK kanye neGerman Democratic Republic.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwaqalwa amakhadi esabelo esiqhingini. U-Ernesto ugcizelele ukuthi isilinganiso sakhe silingane nesabantu abajwayelekile baseCuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabamba iqhaza ekugawuleni umhlanga, ekwakheni izakhiwo nakwezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ubudlelwano phakathi kweCuba ne-United States base buwohloke kakhulu. Ngo-1964, uChe Guevara wakhuluma e-UN, lapho agxeka khona kakhulu izinqubomgomo zaseMelika. Ubabazisa ubuntu bukaStalin, waze wasayina ezinye izincwadi ngokuhlekisa - uStalin-2.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Ernesto waphindelela ekubulaweni, angakufihlanga emphakathini. Ngakho-ke, esesibhalweni se-UN, indoda ethile yasho le nkulumo elandelayo: “Ukudubula? Yebo! Besidubula, siyadubula futhi sizodubula ... ”.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi udadewabo kaCastro uJuanita, owayemazi kahle umArgentina, wakhuluma ngoChe Guevara kanjena: “Kuye, icala noma uphenyo alubalulekile. Waqala wadubula, ngoba wayengenayo inhliziyo. "

Ngesinye isikhathi, uChe, esecabangele okuningi empilweni yakhe, wanquma ukushiya iCuba. Wabhala izincwadi zokuvalelisa izingane, abazali noFidel Castro, ngemuva kwalokho washiya iLiberty Island entwasahlobo ka-1965. Ezincwadini azibhalela abangane nezihlobo, wathi ezinye izifundazwe zidinga usizo lwakhe.

Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Ernesto Che Guevara waya eCongo, lapho okwakukhona khona ukungqubuzana okukhulu kwezepolitiki. Ngokubambisana nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo, wasiza izinhlangano zendawo zabavukeli bezenhlalakahle.

Ngemuva kwalokho uChe waya "ukuphatha ubulungiswa" e-Afrika. Waphinde wangenwa umalaleveva, maqondana nokuphoqeleka ukuba elashwe esibhedlela. Ngo-1966, wahola uphiko lwabashokobezi eBolivia. Uhulumeni wase-US wazibheka ngeso lokhozi izenzo zakhe.

UChe Guevara usephenduke usongo lwangempela kubantu baseMelika, abathembise ukukhokha umvuzo omkhulu ngokubulawa kwakhe. UGuevara wahlala eBolivia cishe izinyanga eziyi-11.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ebusheni bakhe, u-Ernesto wakhombisa imizwa ngentombazane evela emndenini ocebile eCardoba. Kodwa-ke, umama womuntu amkhethile waqinisekisa indodakazi yakhe ukuthi yenqabe ukushada noChe, owayebukeka njengesitiladi somgwaqo.

Ngo-1955, umfana washada nombhikisho ogama lakhe lingu-Ilda Gadea, ahlala naye iminyaka engu-4. Kulomshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunentombazane eqanjwe ngegama likanina - u-Ilda.

Ngokushesha, uChe Guevara washada no-Aleida March Torres, owesifazane waseCuba naye owayebandakanyeka emisebenzini yezinguquko. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana wawunamadodana ama-2 - uCamilo no-Ernesto, namadodakazi ama-2 - uCelia no-Aleida.

Ukufa

Ngemuva kokubanjwa ngabaseBolivia, u-Ernesto wahlukunyezwa kabuhlungu, ngemuva kokwala ukwazisa izikhulu. Umuntu oboshiwe walimala esikhwameni, futhi wayebukeka kabi: izinwele ezingcolile, izingubo ezidabukile nezicathulo. Kodwa-ke, wenza njengeqhawe langempela ekhanda.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi uChe Guevara wafela amathe emaphoyiseni ayemphonsa imibuzo futhi aze ashaye noyedwa wabo lapho bezama ukuthatha ipayipi lakhe kuye. Ngobusuku bokugcina ngaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe, uchithe phansi kwesikole sendawo, lapho aphenywa khona ngemibuzo. Ngasikhathi sinye, eceleni kwakhe kwakukhona izidumbu zamaqabane akhe amabili abulawa.

U-Ernesto Che Guevara wadutshulwa ngo-Okthoba 9, 1967 eneminyaka engama-39. Kuqhume izinhlamvu eziwu-9 kuye. Isidumbu esasicwiyiwe sabekwa obala emphakathini, ngemuva kwalokho sangcwatshwa endaweni engaziwa.

Izinsalela zikaChe zatholwa kuphela ngonyaka we-1997. Ukushona kwenguquko kwaba yinto eshaqisayo kubantu bakubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bendawo baqala ukumbheka njengongcwele baze baphendukela kuye emithandazweni.

Namuhla uChe Guevara uwuphawu lwenguquko nobulungiswa, ngakho-ke, izithombe zakhe zingabonakala kwizikibha nakwizikhumbuzo.