USandro Botticelli (igama langempela U-Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi; 1445-1510) - Umdwebi wase-Italiya, ongomunye wamakhosi aqhakazile eRenaissance, omele isikole sokudweba iFlorentine. Umbhali wemidwebo "Intwasahlobo", "uVenus noMars" nokwamlethela ukuthandwa umhlaba wonke "Ukuzalwa kukaVenus".
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaBotticelli, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaSandro Botticelli.
Umlando kaBotticelli
USandro Botticelli wazalwa ngoMashi 1, 1445 eFlorence. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wesikhumba uMariano di Giovanni Filipepi nomkakhe uSmeralda. Wayenguthunjana emadodaneni amane kubazali bakhe.
Ababhali bezindaba zikaSandro namanje abanakho ukuvumelana ngemvelaphi yesibongo sakhe. Ngokusho kwenguqulo eyodwa, wathola isidlaliso "uBotticelli" (keg) kumfowabo omdala uGiovanni, owayeyindoda ekhuluphele. Ngokusho komunye, kuhlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yokuhweba yabazalwane abadala be-2.
USandro akazange abe ngumculi ngokushesha. Ebusheni bakhe wafunda ubucwebe iminyaka embalwa nenkosi u-Antonio. By the way, abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi umfana wathola isibongo sakhe kuye.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1460s, uBotticelli waqala ukutadisha noFra Filippo Lippi. Iminyaka engu-5 wafunda ukudweba, eqaphela ngokucophelela inqubo yothisha, owahlanganisa ukudluliswa kwamacala amathathu endizeni.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Andrea Verrocchio waba ngumeluleki kaSandro. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uLeonardo da Vinci, owayengaziwa noma ngubani, wayengumfundi kaVerrocchio. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-2 uBotticelli waqala ukuzenzela ubuciko bakhe ngokuzimela.
Ukudweba
Ngenkathi uSandro eneminyaka engaba ngu-25 ubudala waqala eyakhe indawo yokusebenzela. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala obalulekile wabizwa ngokuthi i-Allegory of Power (1470), ayibhalela iNkantolo Yomthengisi wendawo. Ngalesi sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, umfundi kaBotticelli wasePhilippines uyavela - indodana kathisha wakhe wangaphambili.
USandro wapenda imidwebo eminingi ngeMadonnas, phakathi kwayo okuthandwa kakhulu kwakuwumsebenzi "Madonna of the Eucharist". Ngaleso sikhathi, wayesesithuthukisile isitayela sakhe: iphalethi ekhanyayo nokudluliswa kwamathoni esikhumba ngokusebenzisa izithunzi ezicebile ze-ocher.
Emidwebeni yakhe, uBotticelli ukwazile ukukhombisa ngokugqamile futhi ngamafuphi idrama yesakhiwo, enikeza abalingiswa ababonisiwe imizwa nokunyakaza. Konke lokhu kungabonakala ezindlekweni zokuqala zamaNtaliyane, kufaka phakathi idiptych - "The Return of Judith" kanye "Ukuthola Umzimba WeHolofernes".
Umuntu o-half-naked uSandro uvezwe okokuqala kulo mdwebo "Saint Sebastian", owabekwa ngesizotha esontweni laseSanta Maria Maggiore ngo-1474. Ngonyaka olandelayo wethula umsebenzi odumile othi "Adoration of the Magi", lapho aziveza khona.
Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uBotticelli waduma njengomdwebi onekhono we-portrait. Imidwebo edume kakhulu yenkosi kulolu hlobo yi "Portrait of Unknown Man with the Cosimo Medici Medal", kanye nemidwebo eminingi kaGiuliano Medici namantombazane endawo.
Udumo lomculi onethalente selusabalale lwaya kude nemingcele yaseFlorence. Wathola ama-oda amaningi, ngenxa yalokho uPapa Sixtus IV wafunda ngaye. Umholi weSonto LamaKatolika wamuphathisa ukuba apende esontweni lakhe esigodlweni saseRoma.
Ngo-1481, uSandro Botticelli wafika eRome, lapho aqala khona ukusebenza. Abanye abadwebi abadumile, kufaka phakathi uGhirlandaio, Rosselli noPerugino, nabo basebenze naye.
USandro udwebe ingxenye yezindonga zeSistine Chapel. Waba umbhali wemidwebo emi-3: "Isijeziso saseKorea, uDathan no-Aviron", "Isilingo SikaKristu" kanye "nokubizwa kukaMose".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wapenda izithombe eziyi-11 zobupapa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho uMichelangelo edweba uphahla nodonga lwe-altare ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elizayo, iSistine Chapel yayizoduma umhlaba wonke.
Ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi eVatican, uBotticelli wabuyela ekhaya. Ngo-1482 wenza umdwebo odumile futhi ongaqondakali othi "Intwasahlobo". Ababhali bomlando womculi bathi lo msebenzi wobuciko wobuciko wabhalwa ngaphansi kwethonya lemibono yeNeoplatonism.
"Intwasahlobo" namanje ayinakho ukutolika okucacile. Kukholakala ukuthi udaba lwendwangu lwasungulwa ngumNtaliyane ngemuva kokufunda inkondlo ethi "On the Nature of Things" kaLucretius.
Lo msebenzi, kanye neminye imisebenzi yobuciko emibili kaSandro Botticelli - "iPallas neCentaur" kanye ne- "The Birth of Venus", kwakungekaLorenzo di Pierfrancesco Medici. Abagxeki baphawula kulezi zinto bekhansela ukuvumelana nopulasitiki bemigqa, kanye nesisho somculo esivezwe ngokungafani okucashile.
Umdwebo othi "Ukuzalwa kukaVenus", okuwumsebenzi odume kakhulu kaBotticelli, ufanele ukunakwa ngokukhethekile. Yayipendwe ngendwangu yokulinganisa engu-172.5 x 278.5 cm. Indwangu ikhombisa inganekwane yokuzalwa kukankulunkulukazi uVenus (u-Greek Aphrodite).
Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, uSandro wapenda umdwebo wakhe odume ngokulingana othando uVenus noMars. Yayibhalwe ngokhuni (69 x 173 cm). Namuhla lo msebenzi wobuciko ugcinwe eLondon National Gallery.
Kamuva uBotticelli waqala ukusebenza ekuboniseni iDian's Divine Comedy. Ngokukhethekile, kwemidwebo embalwa esindile, isithombe "Umgodi Wesihogo" sisindile. Eminyakeni eminingi yobuciko bakhe bokudala, le ndoda yabhala imidwebo eminingi yezenkolo, kufaka phakathi i- "Madonna and Child Sehroned", "Annunciation of Chestello", "Madonna with Pomegranate", njll.
Eminyakeni 1490-1500. USandro Botticelli uthonywe umonki waseDominican uGirolamo Savonarola, obizele abantu ekuphendukeni nasekulungeni. Egcwele imibono yeDominican, umNtaliyane washintsha isitayela sakhe sobuciko. Ububanzi bemibala bavinjelwa ngokwengeziwe, futhi amathoni amnyama anqoba kumakhanvasi.
Ukumangalelwa kukaSavonarola ngokuhlubuka nokubulawa kwakhe ngo-1498 kwamethusa kakhulu uBotticelli. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni umsebenzi wakhe wengezwe ubumnyama obukhulu.
Ngo-1500, ubuhlakani babhala "uKhisimusi Ongaqondakali" - umdwebo wokugcina obalulekile kaSandro. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kwaba ukuphela komsebenzi womdwebi owawunosuku futhi wasayinwa ngumbhali. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lo mbhalo wawusho lokhu okulandelayo:
“Mina, u-Alessandro, ngidwebe lesi sithombe ngo-1500 e-Italy ngesigamu sesikhathi esalandela isikhathi lapho okwashiwo esahlukweni se-11 seSambulo sikaJohane isazi semfundiso yenkolo ngentaba yesibili ye-Apocalypse, ngesikhathi uDeveli ededelwa iminyaka eyi-3.5. ... Wabe eseboshwa ngamaketanga ngokuya ngesahluko 12, futhi sizombona (enyathelwa phansi), njengakulesi sithombe. "
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Cishe akukho okwaziwayo nge-biography yomuntu kaBotticelli. Akakaze ashade noma abe nezingane. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le ndoda yayithanda intombazane egama linguSimonetta Vespucci, ubuhle bokuqala bukaFlorence nomthandi kaGiuliano Medici.
USimonetta wenza njengesibonelo ezintweni eziningi ezenziwe nguSandro, washona eneminyaka engama-23.
Ukufa
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, inkosi yashiya ubuciko futhi yahlala ebuphofwini obukhulu. Uma kungengenxa yosizo lwabangane, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ubulawe yindlala. USandro Botticelli ushone ngoMeyi 17, 1510 eneminyaka engama-65.