I-Champs Elysees ayifani kangako notshani obuqhakaza izimbali, kepha ngisho nalapha bekukhona indawo yepaki, kanye nenani elikhulu lezitolo ezifashisayo nezisezingeni eliphezulu, izikhungo zokuzijabulisa, izindawo zokudlela nezinye izikhungo. Yimikhiqizo eyaziwayo kuphela engakwazi ukuqasha indawo kulo mgwaqo, futhi izivakashi ziyakuthokozela ukuhamba emigwaqweni ebanzi enkabeni yeParis futhi zibabaza izindawo zokuhlobisa nomhlobiso kanokusho.
I-Etymology yegama leChamps Elysees
Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abaningi bazibuze ukuthi kungani ama-Champs Elysees abizwa kanjalo. NgesiFulentshi, umgwaqo uzwakala njengoChanz-Elise, osuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi Elysium. Kwaqala ukuvela ezinganekwaneni zeGrisi yasendulo futhi kwafanekisa imikhakha emangalisayo emhlabeni wabafileyo. Imiphefumulo yamaqhawe onkulunkulu ababefuna ukuyiklomelisa ngokufaneleka kwabo empilweni yezwe yathunyelwa eChamps Elysees. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangabizwa ngokuthi "iziqhingi zababusisiwe", lapho kuhlala khona intwasahlobo, akekho ohlangabezana nokuhlupheka nezifo.
Eqinisweni, i-Elysium yipharadesi, futhi umgwaqo uzitholele leli gama, ngoba kunenkolelo evamile ukuthi yinhle kakhulu, iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ihlukile ngohlobo lwayo kangangokuthi wonke umuntu owake wahamba ngayo uzizwa sengathi ubekade esepharadesi. Vele, ngokombono wezenkolo, indawo emaphakathi ayihlukile ekuphakameni okushiwo, kepha njengokuhehayo kuthandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izivakashi eziza eParis.
Imininingwane eyisisekelo emgaqweni waseFrance
UChanz Elise akanalo ikheli eliqondile, njengoba kungumgwaqo eParis. Namuhla iyindlela ebanzi futhi emaphakathi kakhulu yedolobha, eqala eConcorde Square futhi ehlasela i-Arc de Triomphe. Ubude bayo bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1915 kanti ububanzi bayo ngamamitha angama-71. Uma sibheka idolobha ngesifunda, ukukhanga kutholakala e-arrondissement yesishiyagalombili, ebhekwa njengeyona ebiza kakhulu ekuphileni.
IChamps Elysees uhlobo lwe-eksisi yeParis. Umgwaqo uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Owokuqala uyiqoqo lamapaki, okwesibili - izitolo kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Indawo yokuhamba iqala ukusuka eConcord Square bese isuka iye eRound Square. Ihlala cishe amamitha angama-700 wobude bomgwaqo ngokuphelele. Amapaki angamamitha angama-300 ububanzi. Izindlela zokuhamba zihlukanisa yonke insimu ibe yizikwele.
Isikwele esiyindilinga siyisixhumanisi lapho i-avenue iguqula ukubukeka kwayo ngokumangazayo, njengoba iya entshonalanga futhi iyindlela ebanzi enemigwaqo eseceleni kwemiphetho. Le ndawo akuyona nje inxanxathela yezitolo, kodwa iyunithi lebhizinisi eliyinhloko eFrance, elihlanganisa impumelelo yezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
Umlando wokuvela komgwaqo
Izinguquko-Elise zivele eParis hhayi selokhu kwasungulwa idolobha. Ngokokuqala ngqá, incazelo yayo yavela emibhalweni ngekhulu le-17 kuphela, lapho kwakhiwa izintelezi eziseduze ne-Queen's Boulevard ezazenzelwe imikhakha kaMaria Medici. Kamuva, umgwaqo wanwetshwa futhi wandiswa, futhi wathuthukiswa nokuhamba kwezinqola.
Ekuqaleni, umgwaqo iChamps Elysees wakhuphukela eRound Square kuphela, kepha umklami omusha wezingadi zasebukhosini wawunweba waya egqumeni laseChaillot futhi wakhuliswa kakhulu. Ngekhulu le-18, kwakuyinsimu enhle enemibhede yezimbali, utshani, izakhiwo zokwakha ngendlela yamaqhugwane amahlathi, izitolo ezincane nezitolo zekhofi. Umgwaqo wawufinyeleleka kubo bonke abahlali bakuleli dolobha, okufakazelwa yimibiko, ethi "umculo odlalwa yonke indawo, onxiwankulu bahamba ngezinyawo, abantu basemadolobheni bebephumule otshanini, bephuza iwayini."
I-avenue ithole igama layo lamanje ngemuva kwe-French Revolution. Kunencazelo yokuthi lo mgwaqo uqanjwe ngobani; kuhlotshaniswa nezikhathi ezingazinzile ezweni. Kwakukhona emcabangweni we-Elysium lapho abaguquli bafaka ugqozi lokuthola impumelelo engaphezulu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, iChanz-Elise yayingenalutho futhi iyingozi nokuhamba ngezinyawo. Imibhikisho eminingi yenziwa e-avenue, kwathi ngemuva kokugumbuqelwa kobukhosi, izitolo nezitolo zaqala ukuvela emigwaqweni, okwazala ingxenye entsha yemfashini yeChamps Elysees.
Ingxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-19 kwaba yisikhathi sokubhujiswa nokwehla kwendlela eyayikade imatasa. Cishe zonke izakhiwo zacekelwa phansi, amapaki ashiywa. Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukungazinzi ezweni, ukuvukela, ukuhlaselwa kwamasosha. Kusukela ngo-1838, ama-Champs Elysees aqala ukwakha kabusha ngokoqobo kusuka ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-avenue iba banzi kakhulu futhi icwengwe kangangokuthi imibukiso yamazwe ibanjelwa lapha.
Kusukela lapho, kufaka phakathi neminyaka yempi yekhulu lama-20, amaChamps Elysees aphathwa ngenhlonipho enkulu. Amathanga wamasosha aseJalimane abanjelwe lapha, kepha ukubonakala okujwayelekile kwamehlo akubanga nakonakele kakhulu. Manje ingenye yezindawo ezaziwa kakhulu lapho kuhlelwa khona amaholide ezwe, kuqaliswa iziqhumane futhi kubanjwa imibhikisho enesizotha.
Incazelo yokuheha kwepaki leChamps Elysees
Indawo yepaki yeChamps Elysees ihlukaniswe yaba imikhakha emibili: enyakatho naseningizimu, kanti ngasinye sinezikwele eziningana ezinamagama angajwayelekile. Kusukela kwakhiwa ama-alleys, imithombo isifakiwe esizeni ngasinye, okuyingxenye yomqondo womakhi.
I-Square of Ambassadors ihlotshaniswa namahhotela amaningi amakhulu futhi abizayo, avame ukusetshenziswa yizikhulu eziphezulu ezivakashela izwe ngezinhloso zokubonisana. Amahhotela abameli angumqondo wemibono ka-Ange-Jacques Gabriel. Kokuhehayo okusha kule ndawo, kungahlukaniswa isikhungo samasiko esihlelwe nguPierre Cardin. Ochwepheshe bomsebenzi kaMarly Guillaume Couste bangabaza ukubaza kwakhe "Amahhashi".
IChamps Elysees itholakala phambi kwesigodlo lapho uMongameli waseFrance ahlala futhi wasebenza khona selokhu agcotshwa. Eduze ne-Avenue Marigny, ungabona itshe lesikhumbuzo elamiswa ukuhlonipha iqhawe le-Resistance, elanikela ngempilo yalo ngaphansi kokuhlukunyezwa kanzima ngamaNazi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ubheke emathuneni asePere Lachaise.
Esikweleni saseMarigny ungavakashela indawo yaseshashalazini enegama elifanayo, lapho uJacques Offenbach adlala khona ama-opereta akhe adumile. Endaweni efanayo, abaqoqi bezitembu bangathenga izinto ezingavamile kwenye yezimakethe ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni.
IGeorama Square idume ngendawo yokudlela yakudala iLedoyen, eyakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Abantu abaningi abadumile baseFrance bachitha ubusuku obungaphezu kokukodwa kule pavilion ephuzi. IGreat Square yamaholide iyathakazelisa ngenxa yezigodlo ezinkulu nezincane, ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaLouis XV. Ku-Round Square ungavakashela iRon Poin Theatre edumile.
Izikhungo zemfashini
Amafemu amaningi amelwe engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeChamps Elysees. Le yinsimu lapho:
- izikhungo ezinkulu zezivakashi;
- amabhange kahulumeni;
- amahhovisi ezindiza ezidumile;
- izindawo zokubonisa izimoto;
- amabhayisikobho;
- izindawo zokudlela nezinye izikhungo.
Amawindi ezitolo ahlotshiswe kahle, sengathi avela esithombeni, kuyilapho kunezindawo okufanele zivakashelwe yizo zonke izivakashi. Futhi noma ungakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi, kufanelekile ukubabaza ukwakheka kwe-facade. Isikhungo somculo esidumile iVirgin Megastore siyisibonelo sangempela sokuzibophezela ebhizinisini, njengoba sakhiwa ekuqaleni futhi ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwemali, futhi namuhla singesikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Izivakashi zaseRussia zingavakashela indawo yokudlela yaseRasputin. Imibukiso ekhangayo ihlelwe ku-Lido cabaret. Kumabhayisikobho eShanz Eliza, ama-premieres ethulwa ngokuhlanganyela kwezingcweti zomkhakha wamafilimu, ngakho-ke noma isivakashi esijwayelekile singabona abalingisi abadumile ebangeni elingamamitha ambalwa ukusuka kuye futhi sithathe isithombe ekupheleni kweseshini.
Cishe akekho ohlala kule ngxenye yedolobha, ngoba irenti ngemitha skwele ngalinye idlula ama-euro ayi-10 000 ngenyanga. Amafemu amakhulu kuphela anenhlokodolobha enhle angakwazi ukuqasha indawo eChamps Elysees, ngaleyo ndlela athole ukubheka okuhle ezigidini zezivakashi ezihamba enkabeni yeFrance.
