U-Eduard Veniaminovich Limonov (igama langempela Savenko; 1943-2020) - Umbhali waseRussia, imbongi, intatheli, usopolitiki kanye nowayengusihlalo weNational Bolshevik Party (NBP) ovinjelwe eRussia, owayengusihlalo weqembu kanye nomfelandawonye wegama elifanayo "Other Russia".
Isunguli samaphrojekthi amaningi aphikisayo. Umbhali womqondo, umgqugquzeli kanye nokuhlanganyela njalo kwe- "Strategy-31" - izenzo zokubhikisha komphakathi eMoscow ukuvikela i-athikili yama-31 yoMthethosisekelo weRussian Federation.
NgoMashi 2009, uLimonov wayehlose ukuba yilungu elilodwa eliphikisayo okhethweni lukamongameli eRussia ngo-2012. ICentral Election Commission yeRussian Federation yenqaba ukumbhalisa.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Limonov's biography, esizoxoxa ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Eduard Limonov.
Biography Limonov
U-Eduard Limonov (Savenko) wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 22, 1943 e-Dzerzhinsk. Wakhulela emndenini we-NKVD Commissar Veniamin Ivanovich nomkakhe uRaisa Fedorovna.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Phambilini, ubuntwana buka-Edward bachitha eLugansk, neminyaka yakhe yesikole - eKharkov, eyayihlanganiswa nomsebenzi kayise. Ebusheni bakhe, wayekhulumisana eduze nezwe lobugebengu. Ngokusho kwakhe, kusukela eneminyaka engu-15 ubambe iqhaza ekubambeni inkunzi nasezindlini zokubamba inkunzi.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umngane kaLimonov wadutshulwa ngamacala anjalo, lapho umlobi wesikhathi esizayo anquma ukushiya "ubuciko" bakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wayesebenza njengomlayishi, umakhi, umenzi wensimbi kanye neposi esitolo sezincwadi.
Maphakathi nawo-60s, u-Eduard Limonov wathunga amajini, athola imali enhle. Njengoba wazi, ngaleso sikhathi isidingo sebhulukwe elinjalo e-USSR sasiphezulu kakhulu.
Ngo-1965, Limonov wahlangana nabalobi abaningi professional. Ngaleso sikhathi, lo mfana wayesebhale izinkondlo ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, wanquma ukuhamba waya eMoscow, lapho aqhubeka nokuziphilisa ngokuthunga ijini.
Ngo-1968, u-Edward washicilela amaqoqo amahlanu ezinkondlo nezindaba ezimfishane ze-samizdat, ezaheha uhulumeni waseSoviet.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi inhloko ye-KGB u-Yuri Andropov imbize "njenge-anti-Soviet eqinisekisiwe". Ngo-1974, umlobi osemusha waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izwe ngenxa yokwenqaba ukusebenzisana nezinsizakalo ezikhethekile.
U-Limonov wathuthela e-United States, lapho ahlala khona eNew York. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapha i-FBI yaba nesithakazelo emisebenzini yayo, imbiza kaningi ukuze iphenywe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abaphathi baseSoviet baphuca u-Edward ubuzwe bakhe.
Imisebenzi yezepolitiki neyokubhala
Ngentwasahlobo ka-1976, uLimonov wakhipha ozankosi esakhiweni seNew York Times, efuna ukukhishwa kwemibhalo yakhe. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala esezingeni eliphezulu yayibizwa ngokuthi "Yimi - u-Eddie", eyathola ngokushesha ukuthandwa umhlaba wonke.
Kulo msebenzi, umbhali wagxeka uhulumeni waseMelika. Ngemuva kokuphumelela kokuqala kwezincwadi, wathuthela eFrance, lapho asebenzisana khona nokushicilelwa kweQembu lamaKhomanisi "Ukuvukelwa". Ngo-1987 wanikezwa ipasipoti yaseFrance.
U-Eduard Limonov uqhubeke nokubhala izincwadi ezishicilelwe e-USA naseFrance. Olunye udumo lwalethwa kuye ngumsebenzi "Umbulali", owashicilelwa kwa-Israyeli.
Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90, indoda yakwazi ukubuyisela ubuzwe baseSoviet futhi yabuyela ekhaya. ERussia, waqala umsebenzi okhuthele wezepolitiki. Waba yilungu leqembu lezepolitiki le-LDPR likaVladimir Zhirinovsky, kepha kungekudala washiya, esola umholi walo ngokuhlangana okungafanele nenhloko yezwe kanye nokulinganisela okukhulu.
Ngesikhathi somlando ka-1991-1993. Limonov wabamba iqhaza ezingxabanweni zempi eYugoslavia, Transnistria nase-Abkhazia, lapho alwa khona futhi wenza ubuntatheli. Kamuva wasungula iNational Bolshevik Party, wabe esevula iphephandaba lakhe elithi "Limonka".
Njengoba le ncwadi yashicilela izindatshana "ezingalungile", kwavulwa icala lobugebengu ku-Edward. Wayengumhleli wezenzo eziningi zokulwa nohulumeni, lapho izikhulu ezivelele, ezibandakanya uZyuganov noChubais, baphonswa khona ngamaqanda notamatisi.
Limonov ucele abantu bakubo ukuba inguquko ehlomile. Ngo-2000, abalandeli bakhe benza isenzo esikhulu bebhekene noVladimir Putin, ngemuva kwalokho i-NBP yamukelwa eRussian njengenhlangano eyingozi, futhi amalungu ayo athunyelwa ejele kancane kancane.
U-Eduard Veniaminovich ngokwakhe usolwa ngokuhlela iqembu elihlomile, futhi waboshwa iminyaka engu-4.
Kodwa-ke, wakhululwa ngoshwele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngesikhathi eboshwe ejele laseButyrka, wabamba iqhaza okhethweni lwe-Duma, kepha akakwazanga ukuthola amavoti anele.
Ngesikhathi se-biography, kwakusanda kushicilelwa umsebenzi omusha kaLimonov, "The Book of the Dead", owaba yisisekelo somjikelezo wokubhala, futhi izinkulumo eziningi ezivela kuwo zathola udumo olukhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho le ndoda yahlangana nomholi weqembu lamadwala iGrazhdanskaya Oborona Yegor Letov, owabelana ngemibono yakhe.
Efuna ukuthola ukwesekwa kwezepolitiki, u-Eduard Limonov wazama ukujoyina amaqembu ahlukahlukene okhululekile. Ukhombise ukubumbana kwakhe neSocial Democratic Party kaMikhail Gorbachev kanye nebutho lezepolitiki i-PARNAS, kwathi ngo-2005 waqala ukubambisana no-Irina Khakamada.
Ngokushesha uLimonon uthatha isinqumo sokwandisa imibono yakhe, aqala ngayo ibhulogi kusayithi le-Intanethi elaziwa ngaleso sikhathi elithi "Live Journal". Eminyakeni eyalandela, wavula ama-akhawunti ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene, lapho athumela khona izinto ezihlokweni zomlando nezepolitiki.
Ngo-2009, njengomholi wobumbano lwe-Other Russia, u-Eduard Limonov wasungula inhlangano yomphakathi evikela inkululeko yokubuthana eRussia “Isu-31” - Isigaba 31 soMthethosisekelo weRussian Federation, esinikeza izakhamizi ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula, ngaphandle kwezikhali, ukubamba imihlangano nemibhikisho.
Lesi senzo sasekelwa ngamalungelo abantu amaningi kanye nezinhlangano zenhlalo nezombusazwe. Ngo-2010, uLimonov wamemezela ukwakhiwa kweqembu eliphikisayo i- “Other Russia”, elalilandela inhloso yokuxosha uhulumeni okhona “ngokomthetho”.
Ngaleso sikhathi u-Edward wayengomunye wabaholi abakhulu be- "March of Dissent". Kusukela ngama-2010s, waqala waba nezingxabano nabaphikisi baseRussia. Uphinde wagxeka i-Euromaidan yase-Ukraine nemicimbi edume kabi e-Odessa.
Limonov wayengomunye wabasekeli abashisekayo kokunqotshwa kweCrimea kuya eRussian Federation. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wasabela kahle umgomo kaPutin maqondana nezenzo eziseDonbass. Abanye ababhali bezinto eziphilayo bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sikhundla sika-Eduard sasizwelana nohulumeni okhona manje.
Ngokuyinhloko, amasheya e- "Strategy-31" ayengasavinjelwe, kanti noLimonov ngokwakhe waqala ukuvela ku-TV yaseRussia futhi wakhishwa ephephandabeni i-Izvestia. Ngo-2013, umbhali washicilela amaqoqo Izintshumayelo. Ngokumelene namandla nokuphikiswa kwe-venal "kanye ne-" Apology of the Chukchi: izincwadi zami, izimpi zami, abesifazane bami ".
Ekwindla ka-2016, u-Eduard Limonov wasebenza njengomlobi wamakhophi wenguqulo yesiRashiya yewebhusayithi yesiteshi se-RT TV. Ngo-2016-2017. ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe kwaphuma imisebenzi engu-8, kufaka phakathi i- "The Great" ne- "Fresh Press". Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwashicilelwa inqwaba yeminye imisebenzi, kufaka phakathi ethi "Kuzoba Nomholi Onethenda" ne- "Party of the Dead".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ku-biography yakhe ka-Edward, kwakukhona abesifazane abaningi ayehlala nabo emishadweni yomphakathi neyasemthethweni. Unkosikazi wokuqala wombhali ovamile kwakungumculi u-Anna Rubinstein, owazilengisa ngo-1990.
Ngemva kwalokho Limonov washada imbongi Elena Shchapova. Ngemuva kokuhlukana no-Elena, washada nomculi, imodeli nomlobi uNatalia Medvedeva, ahlala naye iminyaka engaba ngu-12.
Unkosikazi olandelayo wezombusazwe kwakungu-Elizabeth Blaise, ahlala naye emshadweni womphakathi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le ndoda yayimdala ngeminyaka engama-30 kunokhethiweyo wayo. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwano babo bahlala iminyaka engu-3 kuphela.
Ngo-1998, u-Eduard Veniaminovich oneminyaka engu-55 ubudala waqala ukuhlangana nentombazane yesikole eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala u-Anastasia Lysogor. Lo mbhangqwana wahlala ndawonye iminyaka engaba ngu-7, ngemuva kwalokho banquma ukuhamba.
Unkosikazi wokugcina kaLimonov wayengumlingisi u-Ekaterina Volkova, owathola kuye izingane okokuqala ngqa - uBogdan no-Alexandra.
Lo mbhangqwana uthathe isinqumo sokuhlukanisa ngo-2008 ngenxa yezinkinga zasekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umbhali uqhubeke nokunaka kakhulu indodana yakhe nendodakazi yakhe.
Ukufa
U-Eduard Limonov ushone ngoMashi 17, 2020 eneminyaka engama-77. Ushone ngenxa yezinkinga ezibangelwe ukusebenza kwe-oncological. Umphikisi ucele ukuthi kube khona abantu abasondelene kuphela emngcwabeni wakhe.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uLimonov wanikeza u-Yuri Dudyu ingxoxo ende, ekwabelana ngamaqiniso ahlukahlukene athakazelisayo avela ku-biography yakhe. Ikakhulu, uvumile ukuthi usakwamukela ukufakwa kweRussia eCrimea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekholelwa ukuthi zonke izifunda ezikhuluma isiRussia e-Ukraine, kanye nezindawo ezithile zaseKazakhstan ezivela eChina, kufanele zixhunywe kwiRussian Federation.
Izithombe ze-Limonov
