UVladimir Ivanovich Dahl (1801-1872) - Umbhali waseRussia, umbhali wezinhlanga nochwepheshe wezichazamazwi, umqoqi wenganekwane, udokotela wezempi. Ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yevolumu engenakuqhathaniswa "Isichazamazwi Esichazayo Solimi Olukhulu LwaseRussia", okwathatha iminyaka engama-53 ukuhlanganiswa.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Dahl's biography, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaVladimir Dahl.
Umlando kaDahl
UVladimir Dal wazalwa ngoNovemba 10 (22), 1801 edolobhaneni laseLugansk plant (manje eyiLugansk). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ohlakaniphile futhi ofundile.
Ubaba womlobi wesikhathi esizayo, uJohan Christian Dahl, wayenguRussified Dane owathatha ubuzwe baseRussia futhi wathatha igama laseRussia - u-Ivan Matveyevich Dahl. Umama, Yulia Khristoforovna, wayekhulisa izingane eziyisithupha.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Inhloko yomndeni kwakungudokotela, isazi semfundiso yenkolo kanye ne-polyglot. Wayazi izilimi eziyi-8, ezihlanganisa isiLatini, isiGreki nesiHeberu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda yayingusosayensi odumile wezilimi, odumo lwakhe lwafinyelela nakuCatherine 2 uqobo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uKumkanikazi wamema uDal Sr ukuthi abe ngumtapo wolwazi wasenkantolo yakhe. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umama kaVladimir wayekhuluma kahle ngezilimi ezi-5, enza imisebenzi yokuhumusha.
Lapho uVolodya omncane eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, yena nomndeni wakhe bathuthela eNikolaev. Kuleli dolobha, u-Ivan Matveyevich ukwazile ukuthandwa yizicukuthwane, ezavumela izingane zakhe ukuthi zifunde mahhala eSt. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps.
Lapho esemncane, uVladimir Dal wafundiswa ekhaya. Endlini lapho akhulela khona, bekugxilwe kakhulu ekufundweni nasekubhaleni amagama, uthando olwedluliselwe kuzo zonke izingane.
Lapho le nsizwa ineminyaka engu-13 ubudala, yangena eSt. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps, yathola umsebenzi wobuphoyisa. Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1819-1825. ukwazile ukukhonza oLwandle Olumnyama nolweBaltic.
Ekupheleni kuka-1823, uVladimir Dal waboshwa esolwa ngokubhala i-epigram ebhuqayo ngomkhuzi omkhulu weBlack Sea Fleet, u-Alexei Greig, nenkosikazi yakhe. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-8 ejele, umfana wayesakhululwa.
Ngo-1826 uDahl waba ngumfundi eNyuvesi yaseDorpat, ekhetha umnyango wezokwelapha. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda, kwakudingeka afihle ekhabetheni elincane elisophahleni, aziphilise ngokufunda ngasese ngolimi lwaseRussia. Ngenkathi efunda eyunivesithi, wayekwazi ukufunda isiLatini, futhi wafunda nemiqondo ehlukahlukene yefilosofi.
Isikhathi sempi nobuciko
Ngenxa yokugqashuka kwempi yaseRussia neTurkey (1828-1829), uVladimir Dahl kwadingeka aphazamise izifundo zakhe. Ngesikhathi sempi nangemva kokuphela kwayo, wakhonza phambili njengodokotela wezempi, ngoba ibutho laseRussia lalibadinga kakhulu abezokwelapha.
UDahl wavunyelwa ukuthola idiploma yakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, "ngemuva kokuphasa isivivinyo sikadokotela hhayi semithi kuphela, kodwa nokuhlinzwa." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wazibonakalisa engudokotela ovelele emkhakheni, kanye nesosha elinesibindi elihlanganyele kwezinye izimpi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi wanikezwa i-Order of St. Vladimir, iziqu ze-4 ezivela kuNicholas 1 uqobo.
Isikhathi esithile, uVladimir Dal wasebenza kwesinye sezibhedlela eSt. Petersburg, ethola idumela lokuba udokotela onekhono. Kamuva wanquma ukushiya umuthi, noma kunjalo, wagcina enesifiso se-ophthalmology kanye ne-homeopathy. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ungumbhali womunye wemisebenzi yokuqala eMbusweni waseRussia ukuvikela i-homeopathy.
Ngo-1832 uDahl washicilela incwadi ethi “Russian Fairy Tales. Ezinhlanu zokuqala ”, okwaba ngumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala obucayi. Izinganekwane zazibhalwa ngolimi olwaziwa yinoma ngubani. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi, umlobi wazuza ukuthandwa okukhulu emibuthanweni yedolobha.
Kodwa-ke, uNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo ubheke lo msebenzi njengongathembekile, ngenxa yalokho kwacekelwa phansi lonke uhlelo olungathengisiwe lwe-Russian Fairy Tales. Ngokushesha uDahl waboshwa futhi waboshwa.
UVladimir Ivanovich wakwazi ukuphunyuka ekucindezelweni okwalandela kuphela ngenxa yosizo lwembongi uZhukovsky, owayengumeluleki kaTsarevich Alexander 2. Imbongi yethula konke okwenzekile kwindlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi ngendlela ehlekisayo nehlekisayo, ngenxa yalokho ahoxiswa wonke amacala kuDahl.
Ngo-1833, umdali wesikhathi esizayo we- "Explanatory Dictionary" waqala isikhundla sesikhulu sezabelo ezikhethekile ezisebenza ngaphansi kombusi wezempi. Kulesi sikhundla, wasebenza cishe iminyaka eyi-8.
Ngaleyo minyaka yomlando wakhe, uDal wavakashela izifunda eziningi ze-Southern Urals, lapho aqoqa khona izinto eziningi eziyingqayizivele zezinganekwane, kamuva ezakha isisekelo semisebenzi yakhe. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wayesekhuluma okungenani izilimi eziyi-12.
UVladimir Dal waqhubeka enza umsebenzi wokubhala. Ngawo-1830, wasebenzisana nencwadi yeRural Reading. Ngasikhathi sinye, "kwakukhona futhi izinganekwane zikaCossack Lugansky" zaphuma ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe.
Kusukela ngo-1841 kuya ku-1849, uDal wayehlala eSt. Petersburg, esebenza njengonobhala we-Count Lev Perovsky, bese kuba yinhloko yesikhundla sakhe esikhethekile. Wabe esebhala "ama-eseyi omzimba" amaningi, wahlanganisa izincwadi eziningana nge-zoology ne-botany, waphinde washicilela izindatshana nezindaba eziningi.
Ngisho nasebusheni bakhe, uVladimir Dal wabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu kwizaga, izisho kanye nomlando waseRussia. Uthole izinto eziningi ezifanayo ezivela ezweni lonke. Ezama ukusondela kubantu abavamile, unquma ukuthuthela esifundazweni.
Ngo-1849, le ndoda yazinza eNizhny Novgorod, lapho kwaphela iminyaka eyishumi ebambe isikhundla sokuba ngumphathi wehhovisi elithile lendawo. Kulapha lapho akwazi khona ukuqeda umsebenzi ngencwadi enkulu - "Izaga zabantu baseRussia", eyayinezaga ezingaphezu kuka-30,000.
Futhi okuhle okuvelele kakhulu kukaVladimir Dal ukudala "Isichazamazwi Esichazayo soLimi Olukhulu LweRussia". Amagama aqukethwe kuyo, asetshenziswa ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, abe nezincazelo ezimfishane nezinembile. Kuthathe iminyaka engama-53 ukuhlanganisa lesi sichazamazwi.
Emsebenzini, kwethulwe amagama angaba ngu-200,000, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yawo ebingakaze ifakwe kwezinye izichazamazwi. Ngalo msebenzi ngo-1863 uDahl waklonyeliswa ngomklomelo weLomonosov we-Academy of Sciences kanye nesiqu se-Honorary Academician. Uhlelo lokuqala lwamavolumu amane lwashicilelwa esikhathini sango-1863-1866.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uDahl wakhuthaza umbono wokuthi abalimi akufanele bafundiswe ukufunda nokubhala, ngoba ngaphandle kwemfundo efanelekile yengqondo nokuziphatha, ngeke kulethe abantu okuhle.
Ukujwayelana Pushkin
Ukujwayelana kuka-Alexander Pushkin noDal kwakufanele kwenzeke ngosizo lukaZhukovsky, kodwa uVladimir wanquma ukuhlangana mathupha nembongi enkulu. Wamnika elinye lamakhophi asindile e-Russian Fairy Tales.
Lesi sipho sajabulisa uPushkin, ngenxa yalokho wathumela uDal umbhalo wesandla wenganekwane yakhe entsha "Mayelana nompristi nesisebenzi sakhe uBalda", engakhohlwa ukusayina i-autograph yakhe.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi uVladimir Dal wahamba nale mbongi ohambweni oluya ezindaweni zePugachev ezenzeka esifundeni sase-Orenburg. Ngenxa yalokho, uPushkin wanikeza umlobi ikhophi yesipho se-The History of Pugachev.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uDahl wayekhona lapho u-Alexander Sergeevich Dantes alimala kabi. Wabamba iqhaza ekwelashweni kwesilonda, kepha impilo yembongi enkulu yayingenakwenzeka. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uPushkin wanikeza umngane wakhe umlingo wakhe - indandatho yegolide ene-emerald.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho uVladimir eneminyaka engu-32 ubudala, washada noJulia Andre. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana wawunentombazane, uJulia, nomfana, uLev. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, umkaDahl washona.
Ngo-1840, indoda yaphinde yashada nentombazane egama layo lingu-Ekaterina Sokolova. Kule nyunyana, lo mbhangqwana wawunamadodakazi amathathu: uMaria, u-Olga no-Ekaterina.
Ukufa
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uDahl wayeyithanda imimoya kanye ne-homeopathy. Esikhathini esingangonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, kwenzeka kuye isibhaxu sokuqala, ngenxa yalokho umlobi wabiza umpristi we-Orthodox ukuba ajoyine iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.
Ngenxa yalokhu, le ndoda yaguquka isuka kumaLuthela yaya ku-Orthodox. UVladimir Dal ushone ngoSepthemba 22 (Okthoba 4) 1872 eneminyaka engama-70.
Isithombe nguVladimir Dahl
