U-Eugene Onegin

"U-Eugene Onegin" - inoveli evesini yombongi omkhulu waseRussia u-Alexander Pushkin, eyabhalwa esikhathini sika-1823-1830. Omunye wemisebenzi evelele kakhulu yezincwadi zaseRussia. Indaba ilandiswa egameni lomlobi ongaziwa, owazethula njengomngane omuhle ka-Onegin.

Kule noveli, ngokumelene nesizinda sezithombe zempilo yaseRussia, kukhonjiswa isiphetho esimangazayo sabamele izikhulu zaseRussia zekhulu le-19 leminyaka.

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Eugene Onegin, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane ka-Onegin.

Impilo ka-Eugene Onegin

U-Eugene Onegin uyiqhawe lenoveli enegama elifanayo evesini, umbhali walo ngu-Alexander Pushkin. Umlingisi uthathe indawo yezinhlobo ezigqamile futhi ezimibalabala kakhulu zezincwadi zakudala zaseRussia.

Kubuntu bakhe, okuhlangenwe nakho okumangazayo, ukugxeka, nokubona okuhlekisayo komhlaba omzungezile kuhlangene. Ubudlelwano buka-Onegin noTatiana Larina benza ukuthi bakwazi ukuqonda ingqikithi yomuntu yeqhawe, eveza izinhlangothi zakhe ezibuthakathaka nezinamandla.

Umlando wokudala izinhlamvu

UPushkin waqala ukubhala lo msebenzi ngesikhathi edingisiwe eChisinau. Uthathe isinqumo sokuphambuka emasikweni e-romanticism, eqala ukudala "u-Eugene Onegin" ngesitayela seqiniso. Umsebenzi uchaza izehlakalo ezenzeka esikhathini sango-1819-1825.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umhlaziyi odumile wezincwadi uVissarion Belinsky ubize le noveli ngokuthi "i-encyclopedia yempilo yaseRussia".

Kwabalingiswa abaningi abavela emsebenzini, umbhali ngobuciko wethula abantu abangabokuhlelwa okuhlukile kwezenhlalo: izikhulu, umninindlu kanye nabalimi, okwakuyisici sekota yokuqala yekhulu le-19.

U-Alexander Pushkin udlulise umoya waleyo nkathi ngokunemba okungenakucatshangwa, futhi wanaka kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke.

Ihlola "u-Eugene Onegin", umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda cishe yonke into mayelana nesikhathi saleso sikhathi: ukuthi babegqoke kanjani, babethakazelani, bakhuluma ngani nokuthi abantu babelwela ini.

Ukudala umsebenzi wakhe, imbongi wayefuna ukwethula emphakathini isithombe ejwayelekile uhlamvu wokuziphilisa, wesimanje kuye. Ngasikhathi sinye, u-Eugene Onegin akahlukile kumaqhawe othando, "abantu abangadingekile", abadumazekile ngempilo, abadabukisayo futhi abathambekele ekuphelelweni ithemba.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokuzayo umbhali wayefuna ukwenza u-Onegin abe ngumsekeli wenhlangano ka-Decembrist, kepha ngenxa yokwesaba ukuvinjelwa nokushushiswa okungenzeka kwagwema kulo mbono. Isici ngasinye somlingiswa sicatshangwe ngokucophelela nguPushkin.

Abagxeki bemibhalo bathola kumlingiswa ka-Eugene ukufana okuthile nezici zika-Alexander Chaadaev, u-Alexander Griboyedov nombhali uqobo. U-Onegin wayeluhlobo lwesithombe esihlangene sesikhathi sakhe. Kuze kube manje, kunezingxoxo ezishubile phakathi kwabagxeki bemibhalo mayelana nokuthi leli qhawe lalingumuntu "ongaziwa" futhi "ongadingekile" ngaleso sikhathi, noma ngabe lalingumuntu ocabangayo ongenzi lutho owayeziphilela yena.

Ngohlobo lomsebenzi wezinkondlo, uPushkin wakhetha isitanza esikhethekile, abaqala ukusibiza - "Onegin". Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbongi yethule ukugqoza okunomsindo ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene kule noveli.

Kungaba okungalungile ukusho ukuthi umbhali ka-Eugene Onegin unamathele kumqondo othile oyisisekelo kule noveli - ziningi zazo, ngoba umsebenzi uthinta izingqinamba eziningi.

Isiphetho nomfanekiso ka-Eugene Onegin

I-biography ka-Onegin iqala ngeqiniso lokuthi wazalelwa eSt. Petersburg, hhayi emndenini omuhle kakhulu. Ngiseyingane, uMadame owayengumbusi wayehlanganyela ekukhuliseni kwakhe, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho umqeqeshi waseFrance waba ngumeluleki womfana, ongazange alayishe umfundi ngobuningi bamakilasi.

Imfundo enjalo nokukhuliswa okutholwe ngu-Eugene kwakwanele ukuvela emhlabeni njengomuntu "ohlakaniphile futhi omuhle kakhulu". Kusukela esemncane, iqhawe lafunda "isayensi yothando lwethenda." Iminyaka yomlando wakhe ogcwele igcwele izindaba zothando namayelenqe omhlaba, agcina engasamthandi.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Onegin uyinsizwa eqonda okuningi ngemfashini. UPushkin umchaza njengendoda yesiNgisi, ehhovisi layo kukhona "amakama, amafayili wensimbi, isikele esiqondile, amajika namabhulashi ezinhlobo ezingama-30 zombili izipikili namazinyo."

Ehlekisa nge-narcissism ka-Eugene, umbalisi ongenagama umfanisa noVenus onomoya. Le nsizwa ithokozela impilo engasebenzi, iya emabhola ahlukahlukene, ukusebenza kweminye imicimbi.

Ubaba ka-Onegin, eqoqe izikweletu eziningi, ekugcineni usaphaza umcebo wakhe. Ngakho-ke, incwadi evela kumalume ocebile ofayo ememela umshana wakhe kulo muzi iyasiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqhawe, ngaleso sikhathi esimweni esibucayi, likwazi ukuzama okuthile okusha empilweni.

Lapho umalume wakhe eshona, u-Eugene Onegin uba yindlalifa yefa lakhe. Ekuqaleni, unesifiso sokuhlala emzaneni, kepha ngosuku lwesithathu impilo yendawo iqala ukumkhathaza. Ngokushesha uhlangana nomakhelwane wakhe uVladimir Lensky, imbongi yothando esanda kufika ivela eJalimane.

Yize abantu abasha bephikisana ngokuphelele, ubungane buyakhula phakathi kwabo. Kodwa-ke, emva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Onegin uba nesithukuthezi enkampanini kaLensky, izinkulumo zakhe nemibono yakhe ebonakala ingenangqondo kuye.

Kwenye yezingxoxo, uVladimir wavuma ku-Eugene ukuthi wayethandana no-Olga Larina, ngenxa yalokho wamema umngane wakhe ukuba ahambe naye ukuvakashela uLarin. Noma u-Onegin engathembelanga engxoxweni ethokozisayo namalungu omndeni wakule ndawo, wavuma ukuhamba noLensky.

Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, kuvela ukuthi u-Olga unodade osekhulile, uTatiana. Bobabili odade bavusa imizwa engqubuzanayo ku-Eugene Onegin. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, utshela uVladimir ukuthi uyamangala ukuthi kungani emthanda u-Olga. Uyanezela ukuthi ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo okuhle, intombazane ayinazo ezinye izimfanelo ezinhle.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uTatyana Larina wavusa isithakazelo ku-Onegin, ngoba wayengafani namantombazane ayekhuluma naye emhlabeni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uTatiana wathandana no-Eugene ekuboneni kokuqala.

Intombazane ibhalela isithandwa sayo incwadi engagunci, kodwa insizwa ayiyibuyiseli. Impilo yomndeni elinganisiwe ihlukile ku-Onegin, akhuluma ngayo phambi kwawo wonke umuntu phakathi nohambo lwesibili oluya eLarins kudadewabo u-Olga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isicukuthwane sincoma uTatiana ukuthi afunde ukuzilawula, ngoba umuntu ongathembekile angaba sesikhundleni sakhe: "Akubona bonke kini, njengoba ngiqonda, abaholela ebubini."

Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Evgeny akasafiki kumaLarins. Khonamanjalo, usuku lokuzalwa lukaTatyana lwalusondela. Ngobusuku obandulela usuku lwegama, waphupha ibhere elamthola ehlathini. Isilo samthwala samusa ekhaya, samshiya emnyango.

Khonamanjalo, idili lobubi liyenzeka endlini, lapho u-Onegin uqobo ahlala khona maphakathi netafula. Ubukhona bukaTatiana buba sobala kuzivakashi ezijabulayo - ngayinye yazo iphupha ngokuthatha intombazane. Ngokungazelelwe, yonke imimoya emibi iyanyamalala - u-Eugene uqobo uhola uLarina ebhentshini.

Ngalesi sikhathi, uVladimir no-Olga bangena egumbini, okwenza u-Onegin athukuthele. Ukhipha ummese agwaze ngawo uLensky. Iphupho likaTatiana liba yisiprofetho - usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa luphawulwa ngemicimbi edabukisayo.

Abanikazi bomhlaba abahlukahlukene beza ukuvakashela amaLarins, kanye neLensky ne-Onegin. Umshado kaVladimir no-Olga kufanele wenziwe maduze, ngenxa yalokho umkhwenyana akakwazi ukulinda lo mcimbi. U-Eugene, ebona ukubukeka kukaTatiana okuthuthumela, wehluleka ukuzibamba futhi wanquma ukuzijabulisa ngokudlala ngothando no-Olga.

E-Lenskoye, lokhu kubangela umona nentukuthelo, ngenxa yalokho uphonsela u-Eugene inselelo yokulwa. U-Onegin ubulala uVladimir futhi unquma ukushiya lo muzi. UPushkin ubhala ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, "u-English dandy" wayeneminyaka engama-26 ubudala.

Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, u-Eugene Onegin uvakashela iSt. Petersburg, lapho ehlangana khona noTatyana oseshadile kakade. Ungunkosikazi jikelele, isocialite eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokungalindelekile yena, umfana uyabona ukuthi uthandana nentombazane.

Imicimbi iyaphindwa ngendlela efana nesibuko - u-Onegin ubhalela uTatiana incwadi, lapho avuma khona imizwa yakhe. Le ntombazane ayikufihli iqiniso lokuthi njengakuqala iyamthanda, kodwa ngeke ikhohlise umyeni wayo. Uyabhala: "Ngiyakuthanda (kungani nihlangana?), Kepha nginikezwa omunye futhi ngizohlala ngithembekile kuye kuze kube phakade."

Yilapho ucezu luphela khona. UPushkin ushiya u-Eugene odangele futhi avalelise kumfundi ngamazwi ambalwa.

U-Eugene Onegin kusiko

Le noveli ibe yisikhuthazo kubaculi abahlukahlukene. Ngo-1878 uPyotr Tchaikovsky wadala i-opera enegama elifanayo, eyaba ngomunye wabantu abadume kakhulu emhlabeni. USergei Prokofiev noRodion Shchedrin baqamba umculo wezinto ezisuselwa ku-Eugene Onegin.

"U-Eugene Onegin" uqoshwe kaningana esikrinini esikhulu. Umbukiso wendoda eyodwa, lapho indima eyinhloko yaya kuDmitry Dyuzhev, waduma kakhulu. Umlingisi wafunda izingcaphuno ezivela kule noveli, ezazihambisana neqembu lomculo wezinsimbi.

Umsebenzi ngesimo sengxoxo eyimfihlo nezethameli wahunyushelwa ezilimini eziyi-19.