UMichel de Montaigne (1533-1592) - Umbhali waseFrance nesazi sefilosofi se-Renaissance, umbhali wencwadi ethi "Izilingo" Umsunguli wohlobo lwe-eseyi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ye-Montaigne, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaMichel de Montaigne.
Umlando we-Montaigne
UMichel de Montaigne wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 28, 1533 esigodini saseFrance iSaint-Michel-de-Montaigne. Wakhulela emndenini weMeya yaseBordeaux uPierre Eckem no-Antoinette de Lopez, ababevela emndenini ocebile wamaJuda.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubaba wefilosofi wayebandakanyeke kakhulu ekukhuliseni indodana yakhe, eyayisekelwe ohlelweni lwe-liberal-humanistic, olwenziwe nguMontaigne umdala ngokwakhe.
UMichel wayenomeluleki owayengenawo umyalo wesiFulentshi. Ngenxa yalokho, uthisha waxhumana nomfana ngesiLatini kuphela, ngenxa yalokho ingane yakwazi ukufunda lolu limi. Ngemizamo kababa nomeluleki wakhe, uMontaigne wathola imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu ekhaya eseyingane.
Ngokushesha uMichel wangena ekolishi eneziqu zomthetho. Wabe eseba umfundi e-University of Toulouse, lapho afundela khona ezomthetho nefilosofi. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, waba nentshisekelo enkulu kwezepolitiki, ngenxa yalokho wafuna ukuzihlanganisa nayo impilo yakhe yonke.
Kamuva, uMontanaigne waphathiswa isikhundla sokuba ngumeluleki ephalamende. Njengomphathi kaCharles 11, wabamba iqhaza ekuvinjezelweni kweRouen futhi wanikezwa ne-Order of St. Michael.
Izincwadi nefilosofi
Ezindaweni eziningi uMichel de Montaigne walwela ukwethembeka emaqenjini nasemibonweni ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, wayengathathi hlangothi maqondana neSonto LamaKatolika namaHuguenot, okwakukhona phakathi kwawo izimpi zenkolo.
Isazi sefilosofi sasihlonishwa kakhulu ngabantu abaningi bomphakathi nabezombusazwe. Ubebhalelana nababhali abadumile nezazi, bexoxa ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene ezibucayi.
UMontaigne wayeyindoda ehlakaniphile ne-erudite, eyamvumela ukuthi aqale ukubhala. Ngo-1570 waqala ukusebenza ngomsebenzi wakhe odumile Wokuzama. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isihloko esisemthethweni sale ncwadi sithi "Essays", esihumusha ngokoqobo ngokuthi "imizamo" noma "ukuhlolwa".
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uMichel waba ngowokuqala ukwethula igama elithi "i-eseyi", ngenxa yalokho abanye ababhali baqala ukulisebenzisa.
Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, ingxenye yokuqala ye- "Izilingo" yashicilelwa, eyathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabafundi abafundile. Ngokushesha uMontaigne wathatha uhambo, wahambela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, lo mcabangi wezwa ukuthi ukhethwe njengemeya yaseBordeaux engekho, okwakungamjabulisi nakancane. Lapho efika eFrance, wamangala wamangala ukuthi wayengakwazi ukushiya kulesi sikhundla. Ngisho neNkosi uHenry III yamqinisekisa ngalokhu.
Phakathi nempi yombango, uMichel de Montaigne wenza konke okusemandleni ukubuyisana namaHuguenot namaKatolika. Umsebenzi wakhe wamukelwa kahle yizinhlangothi zombili, yingakho zombili izinhlangothi zazama ukuwutolika zivuna bona.
Ngaleso sikhathi, umlando kaMontaigne washicilela imisebenzi emisha, futhi wenza nezichibiyelo ezithile kwezedlule. Ngenxa yalokhu, "Izilingo" zaqala ukuba iqoqo lezingxoxo ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene. Uhlelo lwesithathu lwencwadi lwalunamanothi okuhamba ngesikhathi sokuhambela kombhali e-Italy.
Ukuyishicilela, umbhali waphoqeleka ukuba aye eParis, lapho aboshwa khona eBastille edumile. UMichel wayesolwa ngokusebenzisana namaHuguenot, okungamlahlekisela ngempilo yakhe. Indlovukazi, uCatherine de 'Medici, wancengela lo muntu, ngemuva kwalokho wagcina esephalamende nasesiyingini sabasondelene noHenry waseNavarre.
Umnikelo wesayensi owenziwe nguMontaigne ngomsebenzi wakhe awunakulinganiswa. Lesi bekuyisibonelo sokuqala sesifundo esingokwengqondo ebesingahambisani nemigomo yemibhalo yendabuko yangaleso sikhathi. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuvela ku-biography yomuntu uqobo wesazi kwakuhlangene nokuhlangenwe nakho nemibono ngemvelo yomuntu.
Umqondo wefilosofi kaMichel de Montaigne ungabhekwa njengokungabaza kohlobo olukhethekile, olusondele ekukholweni okuqotho. Ubize ubugovu isizathu esiyinhloko sezenzo zabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umbhali waphatha i-egoism ngokujwayelekile futhi waze wakubiza ngokuthi kuyadingeka ukuthola injabulo.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma umuntu eqala ukuthatha izinkinga zabanye asondele enhliziyweni yakhe njengezakhe, ngeke ajabule. UMontaigne ukhulume kabi ngokuziqhenya, ekholwa ukuthi lowo muntu akakwazi ukwazi iqiniso eliphelele.
Isazi sefilosofi sabheka ukuphishekela injabulo njengenhloso eyinhloko empilweni yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucele ubulungiswa - umuntu ngamunye kufanele anikezwe okumfanele. Uphinde wanaka kakhulu izifundo zokufundisa.
Ngokusho kukaMontaigne, ezinganeni, okokuqala nje, kuyadingeka ukuhlakulela ubuntu, okungukuthi, ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo engqondo nezimfanelo zobuntu, hhayi ukubenza odokotela kuphela, abameli noma abefundisi. Ngasikhathi sinye, abafundisi kumele basize ingane ukuthi ijabulele impilo futhi ikhuthazelele bonke ubunzima.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMichel de Montaigne washada eneminyaka engama-32. Wathola ilobolo elikhulu, njengoba umkakhe evela emndenini ocebile. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, ubaba wakhe washona, okwaholela ekutheni umfana athole ifa.
Le nyunyana yaphumelela, ngoba abalingani babusa uthando nokuqondana. Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane eziningi, kodwa bonke, ngaphandle kwendodakazi eyodwa, bafa besebuntwaneni noma ebusheni.
Ngo-157, uMontaigne wathengisa isikhundla sakhe sokwahlulela futhi wathatha umhlalaphansi. Eminyakeni elandelayo yomlando wakhe, waqala ukwenza lokho akuthandayo, ngoba wayenemali engaguquguquki.
UMichel wayekholelwa ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kwendoda nomfazi kufanele bube bobungane, noma ngabe bayeka ukuthandana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abashadile kudingeka banakekele impilo yezingane zabo, bazame ukubanikeza konke abakudingayo.
Ukufa
UMichel de Montaigne ushone ngoSepthemba 13, 1592 eneminyaka engama-59, ebulawa umphimbo obuhlungu. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wacela ukwenza iMisa, nokuyilapho afa khona.
Izithombe zeMontaigne
