UFeliks Lope de Vega (igama eligcwele uFelix Lope de Vega noCarpio; 1562-1635) - Umbhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi waseSpain, imbongi nombhali weprozi, ummeleli ovelele weGolden Age yaseSpain. Eminyakeni edlule, wabhala cishe imidlalo engama-2000, engama-426 asasinda kuze kube yilolu suku, kanye namanethi angaba ngu-3000.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaLope de Vega, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaFelix Lope de Vega.
Umlando we-Lope de Vega
UFeliks Lope de Vega wazalwa ngoNovemba 25, 1562 eMadrid. Wakhulela emndenini olula wezingcweti zegolide ezifekethisiwe uFelix de Vega nomkakhe uFrancis.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubaba wombhali wemidlalo yesikhathi esizayo wenze konke okusemandleni ukukhulisa indodana yakhe ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Eqoqe imali eyanele, wathenga isihloko esihle futhi wasiza umfana ukuthola imfundo ehloniphekile.
Amakhono kaLope de Vega engqondo nawokudala aqala ukuzibonakalisa ebuntwaneni. Wanikezwa kalula isayensi ehlukahlukene, kanye nokufundwa kwezilimi. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lapho ingane yayineminyaka cishe eyi-10 ubudala, yakwazi ukuhumusha inkondlo kaClaudian ethi "The Abduction of Proserpine" ngendlela yezinkondlo!
Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, uLope de Vega wabhala amahlaya okuqala "Umthandi Weqiniso". Ekuqaleni, wayengumfundi ekolishi lamaJesuit, ngemuva kwalokho waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eyunivesithi e-Alcala.
Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uLope de Vega wathandana nentombazane engazange imbuyisele. Ngenxa yalokho, ngenxa yokubhuqa okuqondiswe emndenini wesithandwa sakhe esamlahla, le nsizwa yamangalelwa. Wayenqatshelwe ukubuyela enhlokodolobha iminyaka eyishumi.
Yize kunesijeziso esinzima kangaka, uLope ubuyele eMadrid wayothumba isithandwa sakhe esisha futhi wamshada ngasese. Lapho eneminyaka engaba ngu-26 ubudala, waba yilungu lomkhankaso we "Invincible Armada", ngemuva kokwehlulwa kwakhe wazinza eValencia.
Kwakukuleli dolobha lapho uLope de Vega abhala khona imisebenzi eminingi emangazayo. Esikhathini se-1590-1598. ukwazile ukusebenza njengonobhala weMarquis yaseMalvpik nezikhulu ezimbili - u-Alba noLemoss. Ngo-1609 wathola isihloko senceku yokuzithandela yokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, kwathi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva waba umfundisi.
Izincwadi nemidlalo yaseshashalazini
Ngokusho kombhali wemidlalo uqobo, eminyakeni eminingi yobuciko bakhe bokudala, ukwazile ukudala amahlaya ayi-1 500. Ngasikhathi sinye, okwamanje, yimidlalo yakhe engama-800 kuphela eyaziwa, okwenza ukuthi kube lula ukungabaza ngamagama kaLope de Vega.
Imisebenzi engeyona emangazayo yaseSpain iqukethe imiqulu engama-21! Lokhu kufaka phakathi uDorothea, amanoveli ama-3, izinkondlo eziyindumezulu ezi-9, izindaba ezimfushane ezimbalwa, izindaba zenkolo, kanye nezingoma eziningi eziqanjiwe. Ngokuya ngezithameli, uLope ubhale imisebenzi ngezitayela ezahlukene. Isibonelo, kubathandi abakhanyisiwe, wasebenzisa isitayela sezazi, nasesixukwini esibanzi - isitayela sabantu.
Umbhali wayethanda ukuzama, ngenxa yalokho ayengesabi ukuphambuka emigomeni esungulwe yedrama yaseSpain. Ngaleso sikhathi, imidlalo yayibhalwa ngokwemigomo yobumbano lwendawo, isikhathi kanye nokwenza. U-Lope de Vega ushiye isenzo kuphela, wahlanganisa amahlaya nosizi emisebenzini yakhe, okwathi kamuva kwaba yisisekelo sedrama yaseSpain.
Imisebenzi yama-Classics ihlanganisa izihloko ezahlukahlukene. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi maqondana nezinkondlo, okokuqala waphendukela emcabangweni nasemizweni, hhayi ekucabangeni.
Imidlalo kaLope de Vega ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi isigameko esiphazamisa ukuqhutshwa kwezenzo siguqule ukulinganiswa kwezinto, kuletha ukungezwani kokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu ezingeni lenhlekelele, ukuze kuthi kamuva lo msakazo oshubile ungeniswe emkhakheni wezomthetho kanye nokuziphatha okunzima kwamaKatolika.
Kumahlaya akhe uqobo, umbhali wemidlalo yezemidlalo wayevame ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani, amahlaya, izaga nezisho. Umdlalo wamahlaya ongajwayelekile yiThe Dog in the Manger, lapho u-Countess athola khona ukuthi uthandana nonobhala wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha umbhali wakhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi abantu abavela ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zenhlalo bazithola kanjani behlonyiwe ngaphambi komlingo wothando.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1583, uLope de Vega waqala ukuthandana nomlingisi oshadile u-Elena Osorio (umlando wobudlelwano babo waboniswa emdlalweni iDorothea). Ubuhlobo babo bahlala iminyaka engu-5, kodwa ekugcineni u-Elena wakhetha umnumzane ocebile kakhulu.
Le nsizwa eyoniwe yanquma ukuziphindiselela kule ntombazane ngokubhala iziqephu ezimbalwa zokubhuqa ezibhekiswe kumlingisi nomndeni wakhe. U-Osorio wammangalela, owanquma ukuxosha uLope eMadrid.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu kumenyezelwe isinqumo, umbhali ushada nentombazane egama lingu-Isabelle de Urbina. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha beshadile, u-Isabelle washona ngenxa yezinkinga zangemva kokubeletha ngo-1594. Ngonyaka olandelayo, le ndoda yanquma ukubuyela eMadrid, ishiya eValencia amathuna amathathu ewathandile - unkosikazi namadodakazi amabili amancane.
Lapho esezinze enhlokodolobha, uLope de Vega wahlangana nomlingisi uMichaela de Lujan (emisebenzini yakhe wamcula ngaphansi kwegama likaCamila Lucinda). Ukuthandana kwabo akuzange kuphele ngisho nangemva kokuba umbhali wemidlalo eshade futhi eshade nendodakazi yomthengisi ocebile ogama lakhe linguJuana de Guardo.
U-Lope de Vega ukwazile ukumisa konke ukuxhumana nenkosikazi yakhe ngesikhathi sobunzima obukhulu ngokomoya (ngo-1609 waba yisethenjwa seNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki, kwathi ngo-1614 - umfundisi). Ukudideka kwengqondo yakudala kwasibekelwa ngochungechunge lokufa kwabantu abasondelene naye: indodana kaCarlos Felix, umkakhe, futhi kamuva noMichaela.
Kakade esemdala, uLope wezwa umuzwa wothando okokugcina. Okhethiweyo wakhe kwakunguMarta de Nevarez oneminyaka engu-20, ngokuhlonipha owabhala izinkondlo eziningi, futhi wabhala namahlaya amaningi.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo kaLope de Vega yenziwa mnyama ngezinhlekelele ezintsha: UMarta ufa ngo-1632, bese kuthunjwa indodakazi yakhe, nendodana yakhe ishonela emkhankasweni wezempi. Futhi nokho, naphezu kwezilingo eziningi ezinzima, akazange ayeke ukubhala usuku olulodwa.
Ukufa
Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uLope waqamba ihlaya lakhe lokugcina, nenkondlo yakhe yokugcina - ezinsukwini ezine ngaphambi kwalokho. Eminyakeni emi-2 eyedlule, umbhali wemidlalo uhole impilo yokuzincisha, ngalokho ezama ukuhlawulela izono zakhe. Wachitha amahora amaningi ethandaza, ecela intethelelo kuNkulunkulu.
ULope de Vega ushone ngo-Agasti 27, 1635 eneminyaka engama-72. Abantu abaningi beza ukuchitha uhambo lokugcina lombhali omkhulu.
Isithombe nguLope de Vega
