U-Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) - Isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane, ongomunye wabacabangi abakhulu kunabo bonke abangenangqondo, i-misanthrope. Wayenentshisekelo kwezothando lwesiJalimane, ethanda imfihlakalo, wayekhuluma kakhulu ngomsebenzi ka-Emanuel Kant, futhi futhi wayazisa imibono yefilosofi yobuBuddha.
USchopenhauer ubheke umhlaba okhona "njengezwe elibi kakhulu", lapho athola khona isidlaliso "isazi sefilosofi sokungabi nathemba." 
USchopenhauer waba nomthelela omkhulu kozicabangi abaningi abadumile, okubalwa kubo uFriedrich Nietzsche, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Leo Tolstoy nabanye.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaSchopenhauer, esizokhuluma ngaye kule ndatshana.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane ka-Arthur Schopenhauer.
I-biography kaSchopenhauer
U-Arthur Schopenhauer wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 22, 1788 edolobheni laseGdansk, elalisendaweni ye-Commonwealth. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ocebile futhi ofundile.
Ubaba womcabangi, uHeinrich Floris, wayengumthengisi owayevakashela eNgilandi naseFrance ukuhweba, futhi wayethanda namasiko aseYurophu. Umama, uJohanna, wayemncane ngeminyaka engama-20 kunomyeni wakhe. Wayenza ukubhala futhi ephethe i-salon yokubhala.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Lapho u-Arthur eneminyaka engaba ngu-9 ubudala, ubaba wakhe wamyisa eFrance ukuyovakashela abangane bakhe. Umfana wahlala kuleli lizwe iminyaka emi-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, othisha abenza kahle kakhulu babefunda naye.
Ngo-1799, uSchopenhauer waba yisitshudeni esikhungweni sokuzivocavoca sangasese iRunge, lapho kwaqeqeshwa khona izingane zezikhulu eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kweziyalo zendabuko, ukubiya, ukudweba kwafundiswa lapha, kanye nomculo nomdanso. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, le nsizwa yayivele ikhuluma kahle isiFulentshi.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, u-Arthur wathola umsebenzi enkampanini ehweba eHamburg. Kodwa-ke, wabona ngokushesha ukuthi ukuhweba kwakungeyona into yakhe.
Ngokushesha umfana ufunda ngokufa kukayise, owaminza emgodini wamanzi ngemuva kokuwa efasiteleni. Kwakunamahemuhemu okuthi uSchopenhauer Sr wazibulala ngenxa yokuqothuka okungenzeka kwaba khona nezinkinga zempilo.
U-Arthur wabhekana nokushona kukayise kanzima, ehlala edangele isikhathi eside. Ngo-1809 wakwazi ukungena eMnyangweni Wezokwelapha e-University of Göttingen. Kamuva, umfundi wanquma ukudlulisela e-Faculty of Philosophy.
Ngo-1811 uSchopenhauer wazinza eBerlin, lapho ayevame ukuya khona ezinkulumweni zezazi zefilosofi uFichte noSchleiermacher. Ekuqaleni, walalela ngokukhulu ukunaka imibono yabacabangi abadumile, kepha kungekudala waqala hhayi nje kuphela ukubagxeka, kodwa futhi nokungena engxabanweni nabafundisi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biography u-Arthur Schopenhauer waqala ukucwaninga ngokujulile isayensi yemvelo, kufaka phakathi i-chemistry, i-astronomy, i-physics ne-zoology. Waya ezifundweni zezinkondlo zaseScandinavia, wafunda nemibhalo ye-Renaissance futhi wafunda ifilosofi yangenkathi ephakathi.
Okunzima kakhulu kuSchopenhauer umthetho kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1812 iNyuvesi yaseJena yamnikeza isihloko seDoctor of Philosophy engekho.
Izincwadi
Ngo-1819 u-Arthur Schopenhauer wethula umsebenzi osemqoka empilweni yakhe yonke - "The World as Will and Representation". Kuyo, uchaze ngokuningiliziwe umbono wakhe wencazelo yempilo, isizungu, ukukhulisa izingane, njll.
Lapho enza lo msebenzi, isazi sefilosofi sathola ugqozi emisebenzini ka-Epictetus noKant. Umbhali ubefuna ukufakazela umfundi ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu kumuntu ubuqotho bangaphakathi nokuzwana ngokwakho. Uphinde waveza nokuthi impilo yomzimba iyona kuphela isizathu sokuthola injabulo.
Ngo-1831, uSchopenhauer washicilela incwadi ethi "Eristics noma i-Art of Winning Disputes", namuhla engalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Isazi sikhuluma ngamasu wokukusiza ukuthi uphume unqobile ezingxoxweni nalowo okhulumisana naye noma iqembu labantu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umbhali uchaza ngokusobala ukuthi ungalunga kanjani, noma ngabe unephutha. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukunqoba empikiswaneni kungatholakala kuphela uma amaqiniso ethulwa kahle.
Emsebenzini "Ekungabalulekeni nasezinsizini zokuphila" u-Arthur utshela ukuthi abantu bathunjiwe ezifisweni zabo. Njalo ngonyaka izidingo zabo ziyakhula, ngenxa yalokho umfutho ngamunye wangaphambilini uholela kokusha, kepha okunamandla kakhulu.
Incwadi ethi "The Metaphysics of Sexual Love" ifanele ukunakwa ngokukhethekile, ebeka imibono kaSchopenhauer yokuziphatha. Ngaphezu kothando lwezocansi, izihloko ezihlobene nokufa nokubona kwakho kubhekwa lapha.
U-Arthur Schopenhauer ubhale imisebenzi eminingi eyisisekelo, kufaka phakathi ethi "On the will in nature", "On the moral of morality" kanye "On free will".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
USchopenhauer akazange abukeke ekhangayo. Wayemfishane, enamahlombe amancane, futhi enekhanda elikhulu ngokungalingani. Ngokwemvelo, wayeyi-misanthrope, engazami ukuqala izingxoxo ngisho nabobulili obuhlukile.
Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile, u-Arthur wayesakhuluma namantombazane awakhanga ngezinkulumo nemicabango yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi wayejola nezintokazi futhi azitike ngobumnandi.
USchopenhauer wasala eyisidala. Wayephawuleka ngothando lwenkululeko, ukusola nokunganaki impilo elula. Ubeke impilo phambili, akubalule emibhalweni yakhe.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isazi sefilosofi sabhekana nokusola okukhulu. Ubekwazi ukuziqinisekisa ukuthi bafuna ukumfakela ushevu, ukumphanga noma ukumbulala lapho singekho isizathu esizwakalayo salokhu.
USchopenhauer wayenomtapo omkhulu wezincwadi ezingaphezu kwe-1,300. Futhi yize ayekuthanda ukufunda, wayekugxeka ukufunda, ngoba umfundi waboleka imicabango yabanye abantu, futhi akazange akhiphe imibono ekhanda lakhe.
Le ndoda yadelela "izazi zefilosofi" kanye "nososayensi" abathi ngezikhathi ezithile bahlanganyele kuphela ekubaluleni nasekucwaningeni imisebenzi. Wathuthukisa ukucabanga okuzimele, ngoba kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umuntu angakhula abe ngumuntu.
USchopenhauer wayebheka umculo njengobuciko obuphakeme kakhulu futhi wadlala umtshingo impilo yakhe yonke. Njenge-polyglot, wayazi isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane, iSpanishi, isiFulentshi, isiNgisi, isiLatini nesiGreki sasendulo, futhi wayebuye athande izinkondlo nezincwadi. Wayeyithanda kakhulu imisebenzi kaGoethe, Petrarch, Calderon noShakespeare.
Ukufa
USchopenhauer wayehlukaniswa yimpilo enhle futhi cishe akazange agule. Ngakho-ke, lapho eqala ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokungakhululeki okuncane ngemuva kwethambo lesifuba, akazange akunake ukubaluleka kwalokhu.
U-Arthur Schopenhauer ushone ngoSepthemba 21, 1860 ebulawa yi-pneumonia eneminyaka engama-72. Ushone ehleli kusofa ekhaya. Umzimba wakhe awuvulwanga, ngoba isazi sefilosofi, ngesikhathi sokuphila kwaso, sicele ukuthi singenzi lokhu.
Izithombe zeSchopenhauer
