UNero (igama lokuzalwa ULucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 37-68) - umbusi waseRoma, owokugcina wobukhosi bukaJulian-Claudian. Futhi i-princeps yeSenate, induna, ubaba wezwe lobaba, upapa omkhulu kanye no-consul wesikhathi esi-5 (55, 57, 58, 60 no-68).
Ngokwesiko lobuKristu, uNero uthathwa njengomhleli wokuqala wombuso wokushushiswa kwamaKrestu nokubulawa kwabaphostoli uPetru noPaul.
Imithombo yomlando yezwe ibika ngokushushiswa kwamaKristu ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNero. UTacitus wabhala ukuthi ngemuva komlilo eminyakeni engama-64, umbusi wahlela ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi eRoma.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaNero, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaNero.
I-Biography kaNero
UNero wazalwa ngoDisemba 15, 37 esigodini sase-Italy i-Ancius. Wayengowomndeni wasendulo kaDomitian. Uyise, uGnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, wayengusopolitiki ophethe umthetho. Umama, u-Agrippina Omncane, wayengudadewabo wombusi uCaligula.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UNero washonelwa ngubaba esemncane, ngemuva kwalokho ubabekazi wakhe wakhulisa. Ngaleso sikhathi, umama wakhe wayesekudingisweni ngokuba yingxenye yetulo lokulwa noMbusi.
Ngenkathi ngo-41 AD uCaligula ebulawa ngabaQaphi Bombusi abahlubukayo, uClaudius, owayengumalume kaNero, waba ngumbusi omusha. Wayala ukuba kudedelwe u-Agrippina, engakhohlwa ukuthatha yonke impahla yakhe.
Ngokushesha, umama kaNero washada noGuy Slusaria. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biography yomfana yafunda isayensi ehlukahlukene, futhi yafunda nokudansa nobuciko bomculo. Lapho uSlyusarius eshona ngo-46, amahemuhemu aqala ukusabalala phakathi kwabantu ukuthi ufakwe ubuthi ngumkakhe.
Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngemuva kochungechunge lwezigemegeme zasesigodlweni, lona wesifazane waba ngumkaKlawudiyu, uNero waba yindodana yokuzalwa futhi kungenzeka abe ngumbusi. U-Agrippina waphupha ukuthi indodana yakhe izohlala esihlalweni sobukhosi, kepha izinhlelo zakhe zaphazanyiswa yindodana kaClaudius emshadweni owedlule, uBritannicus.
Ukuba nethonya elikhulu, lo wesifazane wangena emzabalazweni onamandla wamandla. Wakwazi ukuxosha iBritannica futhi waletha uNero esihlalweni sobukhosi. Kamuva, lapho uClaudius azi konke okwakwenzeka, wanquma ukubuyisela indodana yakhe enkantolo, kodwa akazange abe nesikhathi. U-Agrippina wamfaka ubuthi ngamakhowe, waveza ukufa komyeni wakhe njengokufa kwemvelo.
Indikimba ebusayo
Ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kukaClaudius, uNero oneminyaka engu-16 wamenyezelwa njengoMbusi omusha. Ngesikhathi se-biography yakhe, uthisha wakhe kwakuyisazi sefilosofi esingumStoic uSeneca, owanikeza lo mbusi osanda kukhethwa ulwazi oluningi olusebenzayo.
Ngaphezu kukaSeneca, umholi wamasosha aseRoma uSextus Burr wayebandakanyekile ekukhuliseni uNero. Ngenxa yethonya lala madoda eMbusweni WaseRoma, kwenziwa izikweletu eziningi eziwusizo.
Ekuqaleni, uNero wayethonywe ngunina ngokugcwele, kodwa ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa wamphikisa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi u-Agrippina wathandana nendodana yakhe ngeseluleko sikaSeneca noBurra, abangathandanga iqiniso lokuthi wagxambukela ezindabeni zombusazwe zombuso.
Ngenxa yalokho, lo wesifazane owonile waqala ukwenza izihibe ngokumelene nendodana yakhe, ehlose ukumemezela uBrithannicus njengombusi wezomthetho. Lapho uNero ezwa ngalokhu, wayala ukuthi uBritannicus afakwe ubuthi, wabe esexosha umama wakhe esigodlweni futhi wamncisha udumo.
Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, uNero wayesephenduke umashiqela wobushiqela, owayenesithakazelo ezindabeni zomuntu siqu kunezinkinga zombuso. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, wayefuna ukuthola udumo njengomlingisi, umculi nomculi, ngenkathi engenawo amakhono.
Efuna ukuzimela ngokuphelele kunoma ngubani, uNero wanquma ukubulala umama wakhe. Wazama ukumdlisa ushevu kathathu, futhi wahlela nokuwa kophahla lwegumbi ayekulo futhi wahlela ukuphukelwa ngumkhumbi. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi ngasinye lapho owesifazane ekwazi ukusinda.
Ngenxa yalokho, umbusi wamane wathumela amasosha endlini yakhe ukuba ambulale. Ukufa kuka-Agrippina kwethulwe njengenkokhelo yomzamo wokubulala uNero.
Indodana uqobo ishise isidumbu sikanina oshonile, yavumela izigqila ukuthi zimngcwabe umlotha ethuneni elincane. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uNero kamuva wavuma ukuthi isithombe sikanina simkhathaza ebusuku. Waze wabiza nabathakathi ukuba bamsize aqede isipoki sakhe.
Ezizwa ekhululekile ngokuphelele, uNero wazitika ngokujabula. Wayevame ukuhlela amadili, ayephelezelwa yimibuthano, imijaho yezinqola, imikhosi nazo zonke izinhlobo zemincintiswano.
Noma kunjalo, umbusi naye wayebandakanyeka ezindabeni zombuso. Uthole ukuhlonishwa ngabantu ngemuva kokuthi esungule imithetho eminingi maqondana nokwehliswa kosayizi wamadiphozithi, izinhlawulo kanye nokufumbathisa kubameli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayala ukuqedwa kwesinqumo esiphathelene nokubanjwa kabusha kwabantu abakhululekile.
Ukulwa nenkohlakalo, uNero wayala ukuthi izikhala zabathelisi zinikezwe abantu abasezingeni eliphakathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe, intela kuhulumeni yehliswe cishe izikhathi ezi-2! Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhela izikole, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini futhi wahlelela abantu izimpi zokulwa.
Ngokusho kwezazi-mlando eziningi zaseRoma kuleyo minyaka yomlando, uNero wazibonakalisa engumphathi onethalente nombusi obona kude, ngokungafani nengxenye yesibili yokubusa kwakhe. Cishe zonke izenzo zakhe bezihlose ukwenza impilo ibe lula kubantu abavamile nokuqinisa amandla akhe ngenxa yokuthandwa kwakhe ngamaRoma.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni embalwa edlule yokubusa kwakhe, uNero waphenduka umashiqela wangempela. Ususe izibalo ezivelele ezibandakanya uSeneca noBurra. Le ndoda yabulala amakhulu ezakhamizi ezijwayelekile, ngokombono wayo, ezazilulaza igunya lombusi.
Khona-ke lo mbusi waqala umkhankaso wokulwa namaKristu, wawashushisa ngazo zonke izindlela futhi wawahlukumeza ngonya. Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, wayezibona njengembongi ehlakaniphile nomculi, ethula umsebenzi wakhe emphakathini.
Akekho noyedwa kulabo ababemtholile owaba nesibindi sokutshela uNero mathupha ukuthi wayeyimbongi ngokuphelele futhi engumculi. Esikhundleni salokho, wonke umuntu wazama ukumthopha nokuncoma imisebenzi yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaqashwa amakhulu abantu ukuthi bashayele ihlombe umbusi phakathi nezinkulumo zakhe ngemali ethile.
UNero wagcwala kakhulu emadilini nasemadilini kanokusho aqeda umgcinimafa kahulumeni. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi umashiqela wayala ukuthi kubulawe abacebile, futhi athathe yonke impahla yabo evuna iRoma.
Umlilo owesabekayo owagubuzela umbuso ehlobo lika-64 kwaba ngenye yezinhlekelele zemvelo ezinkulu kakhulu. ERoma, kwasakazeka amahlebezi okuthi lona kwakuwumsebenzi kaNero “osangene”. Labo abasondelene nenkosi babengasangabazi ukuthi wayegula ngengqondo.
Kukhona inguqulo indoda uqobo eyala ukuthi ishise iRoma, ngaleyo ndlela ifuna ukuthola ugqozi lokubhala inkondlo "yobuciko". Kodwa-ke, le nkolelo iphikiswa ngabalobi abaningi bezindaba zokuphila kukaNero. Ngokusho kukaTacitus, umbusi waqoqa amasosha akhethekile ukucisha umlilo nokusiza izakhamizi.
Umlilo uvuthe amalanga ama-5. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwalo, kwavela ukuthi ezifundeni eziyi-14 zedolobha, kwasinda ezi-4 kuphela.
Ekhumbula umlilo, le ndoda yaqala ukwakhiwa kwe "Golden Palace of Nero", eyahlala ingaqediwe.
Ngokusobala, uNero wayengahlangene ngalutho nomlilo, kodwa kwakudingeka ukuthi kutholakale abanecala - babengamaKristu. Abalandeli bakaKristu basolwa ngokushisa iRoma, ngenxa yalokho kwaqala ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi, okwakuhlelwe ngendlela ebabazekayo futhi ehlukahlukene.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaNero wayeyindodakazi kaClaudius ogama lakhe lingu-Octavia. Ngemuva kwalokho, wangena ebudlelwaneni nalowo owayeyisigqila u-Acta, okwamthukuthelisa kakhulu u-Agrippina.
Lapho umbusi eneminyaka engaba ngu-21 ubudala, wathathwa enye yamantombazane amahle kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, uPoppea Sabina. Kamuva, uNero wahlukana no-Octavia futhi washada noPoppaea. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi maduzane uSabina uzo-oda ukubulala unkosikazi wangaphambilini womyeni wakhe, owayesekudingisweni.
Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana waba nentombazane, uClaudia Augusta, owashona ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili uPoppaea wakhulelwa futhi, kepha ngenxa yengxabano yomndeni, uNero owayedakiwe wakhahlela umkakhe esiswini, okwaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu nasekufeni kwentombazane.
Unkosikazi wesithathu womashiqela kwakunguthandi wakhe wangaphambili uStatilia Messalina. Owesifazane oshadile ulahlekelwe ngumyeni wakhe ngomyalo kaNero, owamphoqa ukuthi azibulale.
Ngokusho kweminye imibhalo, uNero wayenobudlelwano bobulili obufanayo, okwakuyinto ejwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi. Ubengowokuqala ukugubha imishado nabakhethwe nguye.
Isibonelo, washada nomthenwa uSpore, wabe esemgqokisa njengendlovukazi. USuetonius ubhala ukuthi "wanikela ngomzimba wakhe kaningi ekuziphatheni okubi kangangokuba okungenani elilodwa lamalungu akhe lahlala lingangcolile."
Ukufa
Ngo-67, ojenene bamabutho ezifundazwe eholwa nguGallius Julius Vindex bahlela itulo lokulwa noNero. Abaphathi base-Italy nabo bajoyina abaphikisi bombusi.
Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi iSigele samemezela umashiqela ongumkhohlisi ezweni laseMotherland, ngenxa yalokho kwadingeka abaleke embusweni. Okwesikhashana, uNero wacasha endlini yesigqila. Lapho labo bakhela uzungu bethola ukuthi ucashe kuphi, bahamba bayombulala.
Ebona ukuthi akunakugwemeka ukufa kwakhe, uNero, ngosizo lukanobhala wakhe, wamnquma umphimbo. Isisho sokugcina sodlophu sasithi: "Nakhu - ukwethembeka."
Izithombe zikaNero
