UGuy Julius Caesar (100-44 BC, undlovukayiphikiswa 49, 48-47 kanye no 46-44 BC, umpapa omkhulu kusukela ngo-63 BC
UCesari unamathisele eRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma indawo enkulu ukusuka e-Atlantic Ocean kuya eRhine, ukuthola udumo njengomholi wezempi onethalente.
Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphila kukaKesari, ukuguqulwa kwakhe kwaqala, isihloko sokuhlonishwa komlawuli ophumelelayo "umbusi" saba yingxenye yegama lakhe. Iziqu zikaKaiser neTsar zibuyela egameni likaJulius Caesar, kanye negama lenyanga yesikhombisa yonyaka - Julayi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography ka-Caesar, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaGuy Julius Caesar.
I-Biography kaKesari
Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi uGaius Julius Caesar wazalwa ngoJulayi 12, 100 BC, yize kunezinguqulo zokuthi wazalwa ngo-101 noma ngo-102 BC. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ophethe izingane kaJulian.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abashisekeli bomthetho kwakungabantu ababengabemindeni yokuqala yamaRoma, eyayakha isigaba esibusayo futhi iphethe imihlaba yomphakathi ezandleni zabo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Bonke ubuntwana bukaGaius Julius Caesar bachitha eSubur - esinye sezifunda zaseRoma. Ubaba womkhuzi wamanje, uGaius Julius, wabamba isikhundla sikahulumeni, kanti umama wakhe wayevela emndenini ohloniphekile waseKott.
Njengoba abazali bakaKesari babengabantu abacebile, baqasha othisha bendodana yabo eyayimfundisa isiGreki, ifilosofi, izincwadi nokukhuluma phambi kwabantu. Omunye wothisha balo mfana kwakunguGnifon owayengumbhali wezingxoxo, owake wafundisa yena uCicero.
Indawo yaseSubur, lapho kwakuhlala khona umndeni wakwaYuliev, yayingasebenzi kahle. Kwakukhona izifebe neziphanzi eziningi kuwo.
Inhlekelele yokuqala ku-biography kaGuy Julius Caesar yenzeke eneminyaka engu-15, lapho ubaba wakhe edlula emhlabeni. Ngemuva kokushona komzali, le nsizwa, eqinisweni, yahola wonke umndeni wakwaYuliev, ngoba zonke izihlobo zesilisa eziseduze ezazindala kunaye zafa.
Ezombusazwe
Lapho uKesari eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, wakhethwa njengompristi kankulunkulu uJupiter, ngaleso sikhathi owawuthathwa njengodumiseke kakhulu. Ukuze enze lokhu, kwakudingeka ashade nendodakazi yomholi wezempi uCinna - uCornelia, ngoba wayengaba umpristi kuphela ngokushada nentombazane evela emndenini wezingane.
Ngo-82, uKesari waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye iRoma, ngoba umashiqela onegazi uLucius Cornelius Sulla waba yinhloko yayo. Umashiqela wamyala ukuthi ahlukane loCornelia, kodwa wala ukulalela. UGuy naye wavusa ulaka lukaSulla ngenxa yokuthi wayeyisihlobo sezitha zakhe - uGuy Maria noCinna.
UCesari uphucwe isihloko seFlamin nempahla yomuntu. Le nsizwa ibaleke isuka eRoma isizifihle ngesicupho somuntu ocelayo. Kamuva, abangane bakhe bancenga uSulla ukuba abonise isihe kuJulia, ngenxa yalokho lo mfana waphinde wavunyelwa ukuba abuyele ezweni lakubo.
KumaRoma, ukubusa kukaSulla kwakungabekezeleleki. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-biography uGaius Julius Caesar wahlala kwesinye sezifundazwe zase-Asia Minor, lapho aqala khona ukufunda ubuciko bempi. Lapho waba umngane kaMark Minucius Therma, wabamba iqhaza empini yokulwa nedolobha laseGrisi iMethylene.
Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka lo muzi, uKesari wazibonakalisa eyiqhawe elinesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwazile ukusindisa uzakwabo futhi wathola umklomelo wesibili obaluleke kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe - umqhele womphakathi (umqhele we-oak).
Ngama-78 g. UMarcus Aemilius Lepidus wazama ukwenza umbuso waseRoma futhi ngaleyo ndlela wagumbuqela uSulla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMark wanikela ngoKhesari ukuthi abe ngumhlanganyeli wakhe, kepha wenqaba.
Ngemuva kokushona kukamashiqela ngo-77, uGuy wayefuna ukuletha enkantolo abantu ababili abanomqondo ofanayo waseSulla - uGnaeus Cornelius Dolabella noGuy Anthony Gabrida. Wabeka izinsolo ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala, kodwa akekho noyedwa kubo owake walahlwa yicala.
Ngalesi sizathu, uJulius wanquma ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe okufundisa. Waya eRhodes ukuyothatha izifundo ku-Apollonius Molon ongusomaqhinga. Endleleni eya eRhodes, wahlaselwa ngabaphangi baseCilician. Ngesikhathi abathumbi bethola ukuthi ngubani isiboshwa sabo, bafuna inhlawulo enkulu ngaye.
Ababhali bezincwadi zikaKhesari bathi ekuthunjweni wayeziphatha ngendlela ehloniphekile futhi waze wenza ihlaya nezigelekeqe. Ngokushesha nje lapho izigebengu zithola isihlengo futhi zikhulula isiboshwa, uJulius wahlomisa masinyane iqembu futhi wasuka elandela izephulamthetho zakhe. Esebambe nabaphangi, wabagwebela ukufa.
Ngo-73, uKhesari waba yilungu lekolishi eliphakeme kakhulu labapristi. Kamuva wakhethwa inkosi yamaRoma, ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukuzibandakanya ekuthuthukiseni idolobha. Le ndoda ihlela kaningi imigubho ebizayo futhi inika abampofu izipho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, walungisa i-Appian Way edumile ngezindleko zakhe.
Ngemuva kokuba yisenenja, uJulius wathola ukuthandwa kakhulu. Ubamba iqhaza ku- "Leges frumentariae" ("Imithetho Yesinkwa"), eyayinikeza amaRoma ilungelo lokuthenga isinkwa ngamanani ancishisiwe noma ukusithola mahhala. Ubuye futhi wenza izinguquko eziningi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Izimpi
Impi yeGallic ibhekwa njengomcimbi obaluleke kakhulu emlandweni weRoma lasendulo kanye ne-biography kaGuy Julius Caesar. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayengumphathi-sifundazwe.
UCesari waya kobonisana nenhloko yesizwe samaCelt eGeneva, ngoba abaseHelvetians baphoqeleka ukuthi bathuthele endaweni yoMbuso WaseRoma ngenxa yokuhlasela kwamaJalimane.
UJulius wakwazi ukuvimba amaHelvetians ukuba angene emazweni eRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma, futhi ngemuva kokuba bethuthele endaweni yesizwe sama-Aedui esihlangene namaRoma, uGuy wabahlasela futhi wabanqoba.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uCesari wehlula iSuevi yaseJalimane, eyathatha umhlaba wamaGallic futhi ayetholakala ngasemfuleni iRhine. Ngo-55, wanqoba izizwe zamaJalimane, wangena endaweni yazo.
UGuy Julius Caesar ungumlawuli wokuqala wasendulo waseRoma okwazile ukuhlela umkhankaso wezempi ophumelelayo endaweni yaseRhine: amaqhawe akhe ahamba ngebhuloho elakhiwe ngokukhethekile lamamitha angama-400. Noma kunjalo, ibutho likamkhuzi alizange lihlale ngaphakathi kweJalimane, linquma ukuya empini neBrithani.
Lapho, uKesare wanqoba ukunqoba okuningi okuvusa amadlingozi, kodwa ngokushesha kwadingeka abuyele emuva, ngoba isikhundla sebutho lakhe sasingazinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele eGaul ukuze acindezele izinxushunxushu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ibutho lamaRoma lalingaphansi ngenani ebuthweni lamaGauls, kodwa ngenxa yamaqhinga nethalente likaJulius, wakwazi ukubanqoba.
Ngo-AD 50, uKesari wayesebuyise izindawo okwakungezaseRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma. Ababhali be-biografia bomkhuzi baphawula ukuthi wayengeyena nje kuphela uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe kanye nosomaqhinga, kodwa futhi wayengusomaqhinga omuhle kakhulu. Wakwazi ukuphatha abaholi beGallic futhi wahlwanyela ukungezwani phakathi kwabo.
Ubushiqela
Ngemuva kokuthi uGaius Julius Caesar azithathele amandla, waba ngumashiqela waseRoma, wasisebenzisa ngokugcwele isikhundla sakhe. Wayala ukushintsha ukwakheka kweSigele, kanye nokuguqula uhlelo lwezenhlalo lwe-republic.
Abantu abavela ezigabeni eziphansi bayeka ukulwela ukuya eRoma, njengoba uKesari ekhansele ukukhokhwa koxhaso futhi wanciphisa ukwabiwa kwesinkwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umashiqela wayesebenza ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni umbuso. ERoma, kwakhiwa iThempeli lika-Divine Julius, lapho kwakubanjelwa khona umhlangano weSenate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakhiwa isithombe sikankulunkulukazi uVenus maphakathi nedolobha, njengoba uKesari esho kaninginingi ukuthi abamele umndeni kaJulian Caesar bahlobene naye.
UCesari wabizwa ngokuthi yi-Emperor, izithombe zakhe nezithombe zakhe ezihlobisa amathempeli nemigwaqo yedolobha. Noma imiphi imishwana yakhe yathathwa njengomthetho ongeke wephulwa.
Umkhuzi wafuna ukufeza ukungcweliswa kobuntu bakhe, egxile ku-Alexander the Great, owathatha amasiko kahulumeni kumaPheresiya anqotshiwe.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uKesari wamemezela ukuguqulwa kwekhalenda laseRoma. Esikhundleni senyanga, kwaqaliswa ikhalenda elanga, eliqukethe izinsuku ezingama-365 ngosuku olulodwa olwengeziwe njalo eminyakeni emi-4.
Kusukela ngo-45, ikhalenda entsha, eyaziwa namuhla njengekhalenda likaJulian, yaqala ukusebenza. Yasetshenziswa eYurophu cishe amakhulu eminyaka ayi-16, kuze kube yilapho ukuthuthukiswa, ngokuyalelwa nguPapa Gregory 13, inguqulo ebukezwe kancane yekhalenda, ebizwa ngeGregory.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Phakathi neminyaka yomlando wakhe, uKesari wayeshade okungenani ama-3. Isimo sobudlelwano bakhe noCossutia, intombazane evela emndenini ocebile, asicaci ngokuphelele ngenxa yokungalondolozwa kahle kwemibhalo emayelana nentsha yomlawuli.
Kukholakala ukuthi uJulius noCossutia babethembisene umshado, yize uPlutarch abiza le ntombazane ngokuthi ingumkakhe. Ukuhlukana noCossutia kubonakala sengathi kwenzeka ngo-84 g. Ngokushesha le ndoda yashada noCornelia, owazala indodakazi yakhe uJulia. Ngo-69, uCornelia washona ngesikhathi kuzalwa ingane yakhe yesibili, nayo engazange isinde.
Unkosikazi wesibili kaGaius Julius Caesar kwakunguPompey, umzukulu wobushiqela uLucius Sulla. Lo mshado uthathe iminyaka engu-5. Ngokwesithathu, umbusi washada noCalpurnia, owayevela ebukhosini obuhle be-plebeian. Emshadweni wesibili nowesithathu, wayengenazo izingane.
Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, uKesari wayenabaphathi abaningi, kufaka phakathi uServilia. Wazithoba kuServilia, ezama ukufeza izifiso zendodana yakhe uBrutus nokumenza waba ngomunye wabantu bokuqala eRoma. Kukhona nemininingwane yokuthi uGuy kuthiwa ubelala nabesilisa.
Owesifazane odume kakhulu kaKesari yindlovukazi yaseGibhithe uCleopatra. I-idyll yabo yothando yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-2,5, kuze kubulawe umbusi. Ukusuka eCleopatra waba nendodana, uPtolemy Caesarion.
Ukufa
UGaius Julius Caesar ushone ngoMashi 15, 44 BC eneminyaka engama-55. Ushone ngenxa yetulo leseneta ebelinganeme ngombuso wakhe. Uzungu lwaluthinta abantu abangu-14, omkhulu wabo kwakunguMark Junius Brutus, oyindodana yenkosikazi yobushiqela.
UCesari wayemthanda kakhulu uBrutus futhi emnakekela kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, le nsizwa engenakho ukubonga yakhaphela umxhasi wayo ngenxa yezinhloso zezepolitiki.
Laba bakhela uzungu bavumelana ngokuthi ngamunye wabo kumele ashaye kuJulius ngesifo esisodwa ngommese. Ngokwesazi-mlando uSuetonius, ngesikhathi uKesari ebona uBrutus, wambuza lo mbuzo: "Nawe, ngane yami?"
Ukufa komlawuli omkhulu kwasheshisa ukuwa koMbuso WaseRoma. Lapho amaRoma, ayethanda umbusi wawo, ezwa ngokwenzekile, athukuthela agana unwabu. Noma kunjalo, bekuvele kungenzeki ukushintsha noma yini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlalifa kuphela yaqanjwa ngokuthi nguKesari - uGuy Octavian.
UCesari Izithombe
