UNiccolo Paganini (1782-1840) - i-virtuoso violinist, umqambi. Wayengumbhali we-violin owaziwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe, eshiya uphawu lwakhe njengenye yezinsika zendlela yokudlala i-violin yanamuhla.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPaganini, esizoxoxa ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaNiccolo Paganini.
Umlando we-Paganini
UNiccolo Paganini wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 27, 1782 edolobheni lase-Nice lase-Italy. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini omkhulu, lapho abazali bakhe babengowesithathu ezinganeni eziyisithupha.
Ubaba we-violinist, u-Antonio Paganini, wayesebenza njenge-loader, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wavula isitolo sakhe. Umama, uTeresa Bocciardo, wayebambe iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane nasekuqhubeni ikhaya.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UPaganini wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi wayengumntwana ogula kakhulu futhi obuthakathaka. Lapho eneminyaka engu-5, ubaba wakhe wabona ithalente lakhe lomculo. Ngenxa yalokho, inhloko yomndeni yaqala ukufundisa indodana yayo ukudlala i-mandolin, bese kuba i-violin.
Ngokusho kukaNiccolo, ubaba wakhe wayehlale efuna isiyalo nothando olukhulu lomculo kuye. Lapho enza okungalungile, uPaganini Sr. wamjezisa, okwakuthinta impilo yomfana eyayivele ingenampilo.
Ngokushesha, noma kunjalo, ingane uqobo yabonisa isithakazelo esikhulu ku-violin. Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, wazama ukuthola inhlanganisela engaziwa yamanothi futhi ngaleyo ndlela wamangaza abalaleli.
Ngaphansi kokuqapha okuqinile kuka-Antonia Paganini, uNiccolo wachitha amahora amaningi ngosuku eziqeqesha. Ngokushesha umfana wathunyelwa ukuyofunda ne-violinist uGiovanni Cervetto.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uPaganini wayesele eqambe izingcezu eziningi zomculo, azenza ngobuciko ku-violin. Lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, wethula indodana yakhe. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ithalente elincane lalimenywa njalo ukuthi lizodlala ezinkonzweni emasontweni endawo.
Kamuva, uGiacomo Costa wachitha izinyanga eziyisithupha efunda iNiccolo, okwathi umdlali we-violinist wayazi kangcono le nsimbi.
Umculo
UPaganini wanikeza ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala yomphakathi ehlobo lika-1795. Ngezimali ezazitholakele, ubaba wahlela ukuthumela indodana yakhe eParma ukuyofunda nodokotela odumile u-Alessandro Rolla. Lapho uMarquis Gian Carlo di Negro ezwa edlala, wasiza le nsizwa ukuba ihlangane no-Alessandro.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngosuku lapho ubaba nendodana befika eRolla, wenqaba ukubamukela, ngoba wayengazizwa kahle. Eduze kwekamelo lokulala lesiguli, uNiccolo wabona amaphuzu ekhonsathi ebhalwe ngu-Alessandro, ne-violin ilele eduze.
UPaganini wathatha insimbi futhi wadlala yonke ikhonsathi ngokungenaphutha. Lapho ezwa umdlalo omnandi womfana, uRolla wezwa ukushaqeka okukhulu. Lapho edlala kuze kube sekugcineni, isiguli savuma ukuthi asisakwazi ukumfundisa lutho.
Kodwa-ke, wancoma uNiccolo ukuthi aphendukele kuFerdinando Paer, yena owethula lo mkhuba kumuntu owayedlala iselula uGaspare Giretti. Ngenxa yalokhu, uGiretti wasiza uPaganini ukuthi athuthukise umdlalo wakhe futhi azuze ikhono elikhulu kakhulu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-biographies kaNiccolo, ngosizo lomeluleki, adalwa, esebenzisa ipeni noyinki kuphela, "ama-fugues angama-24 ama-4".
Ekupheleni kuka-1796, umculi wabuyela ekhaya, lapho, ngesicelo sokuvakasha uRodolphe Kreutzer, wenza izingcezu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu emehlweni. I-violinist eyaziwayo yalalela ngokumhlonipha uPaganini, ibikezela udumo lwayo emhlabeni wonke.
Ngo-1800 uNiccolo wanikeza amakhonsathi ama-2 eParma. Ngokushesha, ubaba we-violinist waqala ukuhlela amakhonsathi emadolobheni ahlukahlukene ase-Italy. Hhayi kuphela abantu abawuqondayo umculo ababelangazelela ukulalela iPaganini, kodwa nabantu abavamile, ngenxa yalokho okwakungekho zihlalo ezingenalutho emakhonsathini akhe.
UNiccolo ukucubungule ngokungakhathali ukudlala kwakhe, esebenzisa ukulele okungajwayelekile futhi elwela ukukhiqiza imisindo ngokunembile ngesivinini esiphezulu. Umdlali we-violinist wayezijwayeza amahora amaningi ngosuku, engadeli sikhathi namandla.
Ngesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi kudlalwa, intambo ye-violin yase-Italy yagqashuka, kepha waqhubeka nokudlala ngomoya ongaphazanyiswa, okwenza ihlombe eladuma elivela ezilalelini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwakungekusha ngaye ukuthi adlale hhayi ku-3 kuphela, kodwa naku-2, ngisho nakwintambo eyodwa!
Ngaleso sikhathi, uNiccolo Paganini wenza ama-caprices angu-24 amnandi aguqula umculo we-violin.
Isandla se-virtuoso sithinte amafomula owomile weLocatelli, futhi imisebenzi ithole imibala emisha negqamile. Akekho omunye umculi okwazile ukwenza lokhu. I-capriccios ngayinye kuma-24 izwakale kahle.
Kamuva, uNiccolò wanquma ukuqhubeka nokuvakasha ngaphandle kukayise, ngoba wayengasakwazi ukubekezelela izidingo zakhe ezinzima. Edakwe inkululeko, uhamba amabanga amade, ahambisana nokugembula nezindaba zothando.
Ngo-1804, uPaganini wabuyela eGennaya, lapho enza khona i-violin ne-sonatas eziyi-12. Kamuva, waphinde waya eDuchy kaFelice Baciocchi, lapho ayesebenza khona njengomqhubi wepiyano ekamelweni.
Iminyaka engu-7, lo mculi wakhonza enkantolo, edlala phambi kwezikhulu eziphezulu. Ngesikhathi somlando wakhe, wayefuna ngempela ukuguqula isimo, ngenxa yalokho waqunga isibindi sokuthatha isinyathelo esiwujuqu.
Ukuqeda izibopho zezicukuthwane, uNiccolò weza ekhonsathini egqoke umfaniswano wokaputeni, wenqaba ngokuqinile ukushintsha. Ngalesi sizathu waxoshwa u-Eliza Bonaparte, udadewabo kaNapoleon omdala, esigodlweni.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uPaganini wazinza eMilan. ETeatro alla Scala, wahlatshwa umxhwele umdanso wabathakathi waze wabhala omunye wemisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu, Abathakathi. Uqhubekile nokuhambela amazwe ahlukahlukene, ethola ukuthandwa okwandayo.
Ngo-1821, impilo ye-virtuoso yawohloka kakhulu kangangokuba wayengasakwazi ukudlala esiteji. Ukwelashwa kwakhe kwathathwa nguShiro Borda, owenza ukopha kwegazi esigulini futhi wagcoba umuthi we-mercury.
UNiccolo Paganini wayehlukunyezwa ngasikhathi sinye ngumkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela njalo, isifo sofuba, i-rheumatism kanye namajaqamba emathumbu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impilo yendoda yaqala ukuba ngcono, ngenxa yalokho yanikeza amakhonsathi ama-5 ePavia futhi yabhala imisebenzi emisha engaba yishumi nambili. Wabe esebuyela emazweni ahlukahlukene, kepha manje amathikithi amakhonsathi akhe abiza kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu Paganini waba ocebile kangangokuba wathola isihloko baron, okuyinto ngofuzo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ngukuthi ngesinye isikhathi e-Masonic lodge yase-Great East, i-violinist yahlabelela iculo leMasonic, umbhali walo okwakunguye uqobo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izivumelwano zendawo yokulala ziqukethe isiqinisekiso sokuthi uPaganini wayelilungu laso.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngaphandle kokuthi uNiccolo wayengemuhle, wayekujabulela ukuphumelela kwabesifazane. Ebusheni bakhe, wayenobudlelwano no-Elise Bonaparte, owamsondeza enkantolo futhi wameseka.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uPaganini abhala khona ama-caprices adumile angama-24, eveza kubo isivunguvungu semizwa. Le misebenzi isazijabulisa izilaleli.
Ngemuva kokuhlukana no-Eliza, lo mfana wahlangana nendodakazi yomsiki wengqephu u-Angelina Kavanna, owafika ekhonsathini yakhe. Abantu abasha babethandana, ngemuva kwalokho bahamba baya eParma.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa intombazane yakhulelwa, ngenxa yalokho uNiccolo wanquma ukuyithumela eGenoa ukuvakashela izihlobo. Lapho ezwa ngokukhulelwa kwendodakazi yakhe, ubaba ka-Angelina wasola lo mculi ngokonakalisa ingane yakhe ayithandayo futhi wafaka icala.
Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka izinkantolo, u-Angelina wabeletha ingane eyashona kungekudala. Ngenxa yalokho, uPaganini wakhokha inani elibekiwe lemali emndenini wakwaCavanno njengesinxephezelo.
Ngemuva kwalokho i-virtuoso eneminyaka engama-34 yaqala ukuthandana nomculi u-Antonia Bianchi, owayemncane kunaye ngeminyaka engu-12. Abathandi babevame ukukhohlisana, yingakho ubudlelwane babo bekunzima ukububiza ngokuthi buqinile. Kule nyunyana, umfana u-Achilles wazalwa.
Ngo-1828 uNiccolò unquma ukuhlukana no-Antonia, ehamba nendodana yakhe eneminyaka emithathu. Ukuhlinzeka u-Achilles ngekusasa elihloniphekile, umculi wayeqhubeka ehambela, efuna izimali ezinkulu kubahleli.
Naphezu kobudlelwano nabesifazane abaningi, uPaganini wayenamathele kuphela ku-Eleanor de Luca. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, wayevakashela othandiweyo wakhe ngezikhathi ezithile, owayekulungele ukumamukela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ukufa
Amakhonsathi angapheli abangele ingozi enkulu empilweni kaPaganini. Futhi nakuba wayenemali eningi, eyayimvumela ukuba elashwe odokotela abaphambili, akazange akwazi ukuqeda izifo zakhe.
Ezinyangeni zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe, le ndoda yayingasaphumi endlini. Imilenze yakhe yayibuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ukugula kwakhe kwakungasabeli ekwelashweni. Wayebuthaka kangangokuba wayengakwazi ngisho nokubamba umnsalo. Ngenxa yalokho, eceleni kwakhe kwakulele ivayolini, izintambo ayezifaka nje eminweni ngeminwe yakhe.
UNiccolo Paganini ushone ngoMeyi 27, 1840 eneminyaka engama-57. Wayephethe iqoqo eliyigugu lama-violin aseStradivari, eGuarneri nase-Amati.
Lo mculi ushiye i-violin ayithandayo, imisebenzi kaGuarneri, edolobheni lakubo laseGenoa, ngoba wayengafuni omunye umuntu ayidlale. Ngemuva kokushona kwe-virtuoso le violin yethiwa igama elithi "Umfelokazi wasePaganini"
Izithombe zePaganini
