ULev Semyonovich Pontryagin (1908-1988) - Isazi sezibalo saseSoviet, esinye sezibalo ezinkulu kakhulu zekhulu lama-20, isifundiswa se-USSR Academy of Sciences. Umklomelo weLenin Prize, uMklomelo weStalin we-2nd degree kanye ne-USSR State Prize.
Waba nomthelela omkhulu ekufundeni kwe-algebraic kanye nokwehlukanisa, i-oscillation theory, calculus of variations, control theory. Imisebenzi yesikole sePontryagin yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ithiyori yokulawula kanye nokubala kokuhlukahluka emhlabeni wonke.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPontryagin, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaLev Pontryagin.
Biography Pontryagin
U-Leo Pontryagin wazalwa ngo-Agasti 21 (Septhemba 3) 1908 eMoscow. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini olula osebenzayo.
Ubaba wesazi sezibalo, uSemyon Akimovich, waphumelela emakilasini ayisithupha esikoleni sasedolobheni, ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza njenge-accountant. Umama, uTatyana Andreevna, wayesebenza njengomthungi wezingubo, ngenkathi enamakhono amahle engqondo.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Lapho uPontryagin eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, waba yisisulu sengozi. Ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-primus, wathola ukusha okukhulu ebusweni.
Isimo sakhe sempilo besisesimeni esibucayi. Ngenxa yokusha, wacishe wayeka ukubona. Imizamo yodokotela yokubuyisa ukubona kwentsha ivele yaba yize.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, amehlo kaLeo avutha kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho wayengasophinde abone.
Kubaba, usizi lwendodana lwaba yisigameko sangempela, lapho engakwazanga ukululama khona. Inhloko yomndeni yasheshe yaphelelwa amandla okusebenza kwathi ngo-1927 yabulawa isifo sohlangothi.
Umama ongumfelokazi wenza konke okusemandleni ukujabulisa indodana yakhe. Ngaphandle kwemfundo efanele yezibalo, yena noLev baqala ukufunda izibalo ukuze bamlungiselele ukungena eyunivesithi.
Ngenxa yalokho, uPontryagin wakwazi ukuphumelela ngempumelelo izivivinyo eyunivesithi yomnyango we-physics kanye ne-mathematics.
Ku-biography ka-Lev Pontryagin kube nesigameko esithandekayo esenzeka kwesinye sezifundo. Ngenkathi omunye wosolwazi echaza esinye isihloko kubafundi, esengeza ngezincazelo ebhodi, kuzwakala izwi likaLeo oyimpumputhe: "Professor, wenze iphutha kulo mdwebo!"
Kwatholakala ukuthi, uPontryagin oyimpumputhe "wezwa" ukuhlelwa kwezinhlamvu kulo mdwebo futhi wavele waqagela ukuthi kube nephutha.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Lapho uPontryagin kuphela ngonyaka wakhe wesibili enyuvesi, wayesevele ebambe iqhaza ezintweni zesayensi.
Lapho ngineminyaka engu-22, lo mfana waba uprofesa osizayo eMnyangweni we-Algebra eyunivesithi yangakubo, futhi wagcina nase-Research Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics yaseMoscow State University. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, wanikezwa iziqu zeDoctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
Ngokusho kukaLev Pontryagin, wayethanda izibalo ukuze axazulule izinkinga ezibalulekile zomphakathi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, i-biography yososayensi yafunda imisebenzi kaHenri Poincaré, uGeorge Birkhoff noMarston Morse. Ndawonye nabangane bakhe, wayevame ukuhlangana ekhaya afunde futhi aphawule ngemisebenzi yalaba babhali.
Ngo-1937, uPontryagin, kanye nozakwabo u-Alexander Andronov, baletha umsebenzi ezinhlelweni ezinamandla ezazinezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwakhishwa i-athikili enamakhasi ama-4 ethi "Rough Systems" Emibikweni ye-USSR Academy of Sciences, lapho kwakhiwa khona imfundiso ebanzi yezinhlelo ezinamandla.
U-Lev Pontryagin wenza umnikelo obalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-topology, ngaleso sikhathi eyayithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni wesayensi.
Isazi sezibalo sakwazi ukuhlanganisa umthetho wobumbano ka-Alexander futhi, ngesisekelo saso, sathuthukisa umbono wabalingiswa bamaqembu aqhubekayo (izinhlamvu zePontryagin). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzuze imiphumela ephezulu emfundisweni ye-homotopy, futhi wanquma nokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu e-Betti.
U-Pontryagin ukhombise intshisekelo ejulile emcabangweni we-oscillations. Uphumelele ukwenza ukutholwa okuningi kuma-asymptotic oscillations oscillations.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe (1941-1945), uLev Semyonovich waba nentshisekelo kumbono wokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo. Kamuva wakwazi ukuthola inkolelo yemidlalo yokuhlukanisa.
UPontryagin uqhubeke "nokupholisha" imibono yakhe kanye nabafundi bakhe. Ekugcineni, sibonga umsebenzi ngokuhlanganyela, zezibalo wakwazi ukwakha umbono ukulawula kahle, okuyinto Leo Semenovich ngokuthi impumelelo enkulu yonke imisebenzi yabo.
Ngenxa izibalo usosayensi wakwazi ukuthola okuthiwa isimiso esiphezulu, kamuva waqala ukubizwa - Pontryagin esiphezulu isimiso.
Ngokufeza kwabo, iqembu lososayensi abasebasha eliholwa nguLev Pontryagin laklonyeliswa ngomklomelo weLenin (1962).
Imisebenzi yokufundisa kanye nomphakathi
Pontryagin unake kakhulu uhlelo lokufundisa mathematics ezikhungweni zemfundo.
Ngokubona kwakhe, izingane zesikole kufanele zifunde kuphela izindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinempumelelo zokubala ezingaba wusizo kubo empilweni yamuva. Abafundi bekungafanele bathole ulwazi olujulile kakhulu, ngoba bebengeke babe lusizo kubo empilweni yansuku zonke.
Futhi, uLev Pontryagin ukhuthaze ukwethula indaba ngamagama aqondakalayo. Uthe akekho umakhi ozokhuluma ngama-slabs ama-congruent amabili (noma umthungi mayelana "nezindwangu ezihlanganayo"), kodwa kuphela njengama-slabs afanayo (izingcezu zendwangu).
Ngesikhathi sama-40-50s, uPontryagin wafuna kaningi ukukhulula ososayensi ababecindezelwe. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe, izibalo uRokhlin no-Efremovich badedelwa.
UPontryagin wasolwa kaninginingi ngokulwa nobuJuda. Kodwa-ke, isazi sezibalo sathi zonke izitatimende ezinjalo ezibhekiswe kuye zazimane ziyinyundelo.
Kakade ekugugeni, uLev Pontryagin wagxeka amaphrojekthi ahlobene nokujika kwemifula yaseSiberia. Wabuye wazuza ingxoxo yamaphutha wezibalo maqondana nezinga loLwandle iCaspian emhlanganweni wezibalo ze-USSR Academy of Sciences.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isikhathi eside uLeo akakwazanga ukuphumelela ngaphambili. Umama wayenomona ngendodana yakhe ngabakhethiweyo bakhe, ngenxa yalokho wakhuluma ngabo ngendlela embi kuphela.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uPontryagin akagcinanga ngokushada sekwephuzile, kodwa futhi wakhuthazelela uvivinyo olukhulu emishadweni yomibili.
Unkosikazi wokuqala wezibalo kwaba isazi sezinto eziphilayo Taisiya Samuilovna Ivanova. Lo mbhangqwana wenza ubudlelwano babo babhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1941, sebehlale ndawonye iminyaka engu-11.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ngukuthi engakaze abhale iziqu phambilini, uLev Semyonovich wabhala i-Ph.D. Ithisisi yomkakhe kwi-morphology yesikhonyane, ekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuzivikela kwakhe. Lapho uTaisiya evikela ngempumelelo, uPontryagin wanquma ukuthi manje angahlukana naye "ngonembeza omsulwa".
Ngo-1958, le ndoda yaphinde yashada no-Alexandra Ignatievna. Wayemthanda kakhulu umkakhe futhi njalo wayezama ukumnaka kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Yize uPontryagin wayengaboni, wayengaludingi usizo lomuntu. Wayezihambela ezitaladini, kaningi ewa futhi alimale. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwaba nezibazi eziningi nokulimala ebusweni bakhe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uLeon Semenovich wafunda ukushushuluza nokushibilika eqhweni, futhi wabhukuda nge-kayak.
Iminyaka edlule nokufa
UPontryagin akazange abe nenkinga ngoba wayengaboni. Akakhonondanga ngempilo yakhe, ngenxa yalokho abangani bakhe abambonanga njengempumputhe.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, usosayensi wayegula ngesifo sofuba ne-pneumonia. Ngokweseluleko somkakhe, waba ngumuntu odla imifino kuphela. Le ndoda yathi ukudla okudla imifino kuphela okusizile ekubhekaneni nokugula.
ULev Semenovich Pontryagin washona ngoMeyi 3, 1988 eneminyaka engama-79.
Izithombe zePontryagin
