UGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) - Isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane, isazi sezobuchwepheshe, isazi sezibalo, umakhenikha, isazi sefilosofi, ummeli, isazi-mlando, usomaqhinga, umqambi kanye nesazi sezilimi Umsunguli nomongameli wokuqala weBerlin Academy of Sciences, ilungu langaphandle leFrance Academy of Sciences.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-Leibniz's biography, esizokhuluma ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaGottfried Leibniz.
Umlando kaLeibniz
UGottfried Leibniz wazalwa ngoJuni 21 (Julayi 1) 1646 eLeipzig. Wakhulela emndenini wesazi sefilosofi uFriedrich Leibnutz nomkakhe uKaterina Schmukk.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ithalente likaGottfried laqala ukukhombisa eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala, okuyinto uyise ayibona masinyane.
Inhloko yomndeni ikhuthaze indodana yayo ukuthi ithole ulwazi oluhlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ngokwakhe utshele amaqiniso athakazelisayo avela endabeni, umfana ayilalela ngenjabulo enkulu.
Lapho uLeibniz eneminyaka eyisithupha, ubaba wakhe washona, okwakuyinhlekelele yokuqala kumlando wakhe. Ngemuva kwakhe, inhloko yomndeni ishiye umtapo wolwazi omkhulu, ngenxa yokuthi umfana angahlanganyela ekuzifundiseni.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uGottfried wajwayelana nemibhalo yesazi-mlando sasendulo saseRoma uLivy kanye nomgcinimafa wezikhathi zikaCalvisius. Lezi zincwadi zamthinta kakhulu, azigcina impilo yakhe yonke.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, osemusha wafunda isiJalimane nesiLatini. Wayenamandla kakhulu olwazini lwabo bonke ontanga, okwakubonwa ngokuqinisekile ngothisha.
Emtatsheni wezincwadi kayise, uLeibniz wathola imisebenzi kaHerodotus, uCicero, uPlato, uSeneca, uPliny nabanye ababhali basendulo. Sonke isikhathi sakhe wasebenzisa mahhala ezincwadini, ezama ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe.
UGottfried wafunda eLeipzig School yaseSt.Thomas, ekhombisa ikhono elihle kakhulu kwezesayensi ngqo nasezincwadini.
Kanye lapho ingane eneminyaka engu-13 yakwazi ukubhala ivesi lesiLatini, elakhiwe ngama-dactyl ama-5, ukufeza umsindo owuthandayo wamagama.
Ngemuva kokuqeda isikole, uGottfried Leibniz wangena eNyuvesi yaseLeipzig, kwathi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wadlulela eNyuvesi yaseJena. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, waba nentshisekelo kwifilosofi, kwezomthetho, futhi wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu kwi-mathematics.
Ngo-1663, uLeibniz wathola iziqu ze-bachelor waphinde wathola iziqu ze-master kwifilosofi.
Ukufundisa
Umsebenzi wokuqala kaGottfried "On the principle of individualuation" wakhishwa ngo-1663. Bambalwa abantu abalaziyo iqiniso lokuthi ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu wayesebenza njengomsokhemisi oqashiwe.
Iqiniso ngukuthi lapho lo mfana ezwa ngomphakathi we-alchemical, wayefuna ukuba kulo ngokusebenzisa ubuqili.
ULeibniz ukopishe amafomula adida kakhulu asuka ezincwadini ze-alchemy, ngemuva kwalokho waletha indatshana yakhe kubaholi beRicicrucian Order. Lapho bejwayelana "nomsebenzi" wale nsizwa, bazwakalisa ukuyithanda kwabo futhi bathi ingumuntu onekhono.
Kamuva, uGottfried wavuma ukuthi wayengenamahloni ngalesi senzo sakhe, ngoba wayeqhutshwa ilukuluku lokufuna ukwazi elingenakuphikiswa.
Ngo-1667, uLeibniz waba nesithakazelo emibonweni yefilosofi neyengqondo, wafika ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu kule ndawo. Emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaSigmund Freud, wakwazi ukuthuthukisa umqondo wemibono emincane engazi lutho.
Ngo-1705, usosayensi washicilela i- "New Experiments on Human Understanding", kwathi kamuva kwavela umsebenzi wakhe wefilosofi "Monadology".
UGottfried wenza uhlelo lokwenziwa, ecabanga ukuthi umhlaba unezinto ezithile - amakhosi, akhona ngokwehlukana. AmaMonads, nawo, amele ubungokomoya bokuba khona.
Isazi sefilosofi sasingumsekeli weqiniso lokuthi umuntu kufanele azi umhlaba ngokuhumusha okunengqondo. Ngokuqonda kwakhe, wayenokuvumelana, kepha ngasikhathi sinye walwela ukunqoba ukuphikisana kokuhle nokubi.
IMathematics neSayensi
Ngenkathi esebenza uMkhethi waseMainz, uLeibniz kwadingeka avakashele izifundazwe ezahlukahlukene zaseYurophu. Phakathi nohambo olunjalo, wahlangana nomsunguli waseDashi uChristian Huygens, owamfundisa izibalo.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, lo mfana washicilela incwadi ethi "On the Art of Combinatorics", futhi wabuza imibuzo emkhakheni wezibalo zomqondo. Ngakho-ke, empeleni wema ngomsuka wesayensi yanamuhla yamakhompyutha.
Ngo-1673, uGottfried wasungula umshini wokubala oqopha ngokuzenzakalela izinombolo ezizocutshungulwa ohlelweni lwedesimali. Ngemuva kwalokho, lo mshini waziwa njenge-Leibniz arithmometer.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi omunye umshini wokufaka onje wagcina usezandleni zikaPeter 1. I-tsar yaseRussia yahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu ngalezi zinsimbi ezingajwayelekile kangangokuba yanquma ukuyethula kumbusi waseChina.
Ngo-1697 uPeter Omkhulu wahlangana noLeibniz. Ngemuva kwengxoxo ende, wayala ukuthi akhiphe umklomelo wemali kusosayensi futhi anikeze isihloko sokuba nguMeluleki Wezobulungiswa.
Kamuva, ngenxa yemizamo kaLeibniz, uPeter wavuma ukwakha i-Academy of Sciences eSt.
Ababhali bomlando kaGottfried babika ngempikiswano yakhe no-Isaac Newton uqobo, eyenzeka ngo-1708. Laba basola uLeibniz ngokukopela lapho efunda ngokucophelela isibalo sakhe sokwahlukana.
UNewton wathi ufike emiphumeleni efanayo eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule, kepha wayengafuni ukushicilela imibono yakhe. UGottfried akazange akuphike ukuthi ebusheni bakhe wafunda imibhalo yesandla ka-Isaac, kodwa kuthiwa wafika emiphumeleni efanayo eyedwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLeibniz wakha uphawu olulula kakhulu, olusasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
Lokhu kuxabana phakathi kososayensi ababili abakhulu kwaziwa ngokuthi "ingxabano ehlazisayo kunazo zonke emlandweni wezibalo."
Ngaphezu kwezibalo, i-physics ne-psychology, uGottfried wayethanda nolimi, umthetho kanye ne-biology.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngokuvamile uLeibniz akazange akuqede ukutholwa kwakhe, ngenxa yalokho imibono yakhe eminingi yayingakaqedwa.
Le ndoda ibheke impilo inethemba, yayicindezela futhi ingokomzwelo. Yize kunjalo, wayedume ngokuba nenkani nobugovu, engabuphiki lobu bubi. Ababhali bezindaba zikaGottfried Leibniz namanje abakwazi ukuvumelana ngokuthi unabesifazane abangaki.
Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi isazi sezibalo saba nemizwa yothando ngendlovukazi yasePrussia uSophia Charlotte waseHanover. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwane babo babungu-platonic ngokweqile.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaSophia ngo-1705, uGottfried akazange akwazi ukuthola umuntu wesifazane angaba nentshisekelo naye.
Ukufa
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uLeibniz wayenobudlelwano obushubile kakhulu nenkosi yamaNgisi. Babheka usosayensi njengesazi-mlando esijwayelekile, futhi inkosi yayiqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi ubekhokhela imisebenzi kaGottfried ngeze.
Ngenxa yokuphila ngokweqile, le ndoda yathuthukisa i-gout ne-rheumatism. UGottfried Leibniz ushone ngoNovemba 14, 1716 eneminyaka engama-70 ngaphandle kokubala umthamo womuthi.
Ngunobhala wakhe kuphela oweza ukwenza uhambo lokugcina lwesazi sezibalo.
Izithombe zeLeibniz
