UStephen King

UStephen Edwin King (owazalwa ngo-1947) ungumbhali waseMelika osebenza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukwethuka, umphenyi, inganekwane, imfihlakalo kanye ne-epistolary prose; uthole igama lesidlaliso "King of Horror".

Sekuthengisiwe amakhophi akhe angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-350, lapho kuqoshwe khona amafilimu amaningi, imidlalo yethelevishini kanye namahlaya.

Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaStephen King, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.

Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaStephen King.

I-biography kaStephen King

UStephen King wazalwa ngoSepthemba 21, 1947 edolobheni laseMelika iPortland (Maine). Ukhulele emndenini kaKaputeni Wabahwebi Basemanzini uDonald Edward King nomkakhe uNellie Ruth Pillsbury.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Ukuzalwa kukaStefanu kungabizwa ngokuthi isimangaliso sangempela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi odokotela baqinisekisa umama wakhe ukuthi akasoze akwazi ukuthola izingane.

Ngakho-ke ngenkathi uNelly eshada noCaptain Donald King okwesibili, laba bashadikazi banquma ukuthola ingane. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1945, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokuzalwa kombhali wesikhathi esizayo, baba nendodana yokutholwa, uDavid Victor.

Ngo-1947, le ntombazane yathola mayelana nokukhulelwa kwakhe, okwamangaza ngokuphelele yena nomyeni wakhe.

Kodwa-ke, ukuzalwa kwengane ejwayelekile akusizanga ukuqinisa umndeni. Inhloko yomndeni yayingavamile ukuba sekhaya, izungeza umhlaba.

Ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945), uDonald uthathe umhlalaphansi, ethatha umsebenzi njengomthengisi othengisa izihlanza.

Impilo yomndeni yayisinda kubaba weNkosi, ngenxa yalokho akazange anikeze isikhathi kumkakhe nasezinganeni zakhe. Ngesinye isikhathi, lapho uStephen engakabi neminyaka emibili ubudala, indoda yaphuma endlini yayobhema futhi ngemuva kwalokho akekho owambona.

Ngemuva kokuthi uDonald eshiye umndeni, umama watshela amadodana akhe ukuthi ubaba wathunjwa ngabakwaMartians. Kodwa-ke, lona wesifazane waqonda ukuthi umyeni wakhe wamshiya waya komunye wesifazane.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi uStephen King nomfowabo bafunda ngemininingwane eyengeziwe kababa wabo kuma-90s kuphela. Kwatholakala kamuva, waphinde washada nowesifazane waseBrazil, wakhulisa izingane ezi-4.

Lapho uNelly esesele yedwa, kwakudingeka athathe noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukuze asekele uStephen noDavid. Wathengisa imikhiqizo yokubhaka futhi wasebenza nokuhlanza.

Ndawonye nezingane, lona wesifazane wathuthela kwesinye isimo, ezama ukuthola umsebenzi ohloniphekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, umndeni waMakhosi wahlala eMaine.

Ukushintshwa kwezindlu njalo kwaphazamisa impilo kaStephen King. Wahlushwa isimungumungwane nohlobo olubi lwe-pharyngitis, okwadala ukutheleleka endlebeni.

Ngisho esemncane, uStephen wagqojwa indlebe kathathu, kwamzwisa ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki. Ngalesi sizathu, wafunda ebangeni 1 iminyaka emi-2.

Kakade ngaleso sikhathi biography uStephen King wayewathanda amafilimu ama-horror. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayethanda izincwadi ezikhuluma ngamaqhawe amakhulu, kufaka phakathi i- "Hulk", "Spiderman", "Superman", kanye nemisebenzi kaRay Bradbury.

Umbhali kamuva uyavuma ukuthi wakujabulela ukwesaba kwakhe "nomuzwa wokulahlekelwa ukulawula izinzwa zakhe."

Ukudalwa

Ngokokuqala ngqa, uKing waqala ukubhala eneminyaka engu-7. Ekuqaleni, umane abalise amahlaya awabuke ephepheni.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umama wakhe wamkhuthaza ukuthi abhale okuthile okwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, umfana waqamba izindaba ezimfushane ezi-4 ngomvundla. Umama uncome indodana yakhe ngomsebenzi wayo waze wayikhokhela nangu- $ 1 ngomvuzo.

Lapho uStephen eneminyaka eyi-18, yena nomfowabo baqala ukushicilela umbiko wolwazi - "Iphepha likaDave".

Abafana baphinde bakhiqiza isithunywa nge-mimeograph - umshini wokuphrinta wesikrini, othengisa ikhophi ngalinye ngamasenti ama-5. UStephen King wabhala izindaba zakhe ezimfishane futhi wahlaziya amafilimu, kanti umfowabo wahlanganisa izindaba zendawo.

Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, uStephen waya ekolishi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, wayefuna ngokuzithandela ukuya eVietnam ukuqoqa izinto zemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo.

Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuncenga okukhulu kunina, umfana wayesalahlile lo mbono.

Ngokuhambisana nezifundo zakhe, uKing wasebenza itoho embonini yokweluka futhi wamangala ngobuhlanya inani elikhulu lamagundane ahlala kulesi sakhiwo. Wayevame ukuxosha amagundane anolaka kude nezimpahla.

Ngokuzayo, konke lokhu okuvelayo kuzokwakha isisekelo sendaba yakhe ethi "Night shift".

Ngo-1966 uStephen waphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo zakhe e-University of Maine, wakhetha uMnyango Wezincwadi ZesiNgisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wafunda ekolishi lokuqeqesha othisha.

Umama wathumela indodana ngayinye $ 20 ngenyanga yezindleko zasemaphaketheni, ngenxa yalokho wayevame ukusala engenakho ukudla.

Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu zakhe eNyuvesi, uKing uqhubekile nokuzibandakanya ngokubhala, okuqale kwangamlethela mali. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeseshadile.

UStephen ubambe amatoho elondolo futhi ethola imivuzo emincane ngokushicilela izindaba zakhe komagazini. Futhi yize umndeni ubhekene nobunzima obukhulu bezezimali, uKing uqhubeke nokubhala.

Ngo-1971, indoda yaqala ukufundisa isiNgisi esikoleni sendawo. Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, wayephatheke kabi kakhulu ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe uhlala ungafuneki.

Lapho nje umkakhe ethola ku-urn umbhalo wesandla ongakaqedwa wenoveli "uCarrie" okhishwe nguStephen. Le ntombazane yawufunda ngokucophelela umsebenzi, ngemuva kwalokho yanxenxa umyeni wayo ukuba awuqede.

Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3, uDoubleday uzovuma ukuthumela le ncwadi ukuthi iphrintwe, akhokhele iNkosi imali engamaRandi ayizi-2 500. Okwamangaza bonke ukuthi, "uCarrie" wathola ukuthandwa okukhulu, ngenxa yalokho "iDoubleday" yathengisa amalungelo obunikazi endlini enkulu yokushicilela "NAL", ngo- $ 400,000!

Ngokwenkontileka yenkontileka, uStephen King uthole uhhafu wale mali, okwenze wakwazi ukushiya umsebenzi wakhe esikoleni waqala ukubhala ngomfutho ovuselelwe.

Ngokushesha epeni lombhali kwaphuma inoveli yesibili ephumelelayo ethi "Shining".

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70, uStephen waqala ukushicilela ngaphansi kwegama lomgunyathi uRichard Bachmann. Ababhali bezindaba eziningi beKing bakholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela wayefuna ukuthola ithalente lakhe futhi aqiniseke ukuthi amanoveli akhe okuqala awathandwanga ngengozi.

Inoveli ethi "Fury" yashicilelwa ngaphansi kwaleli gama. Ngokushesha umbhali uzoyikhipha ekuthengisweni lapho sekuyaziwa ukuthi le ncwadi ifundwe umbulali osemncane owadubula afunda nabo eKansas.

Futhi yize eminye imisebenzi eminingi yashicilelwa ngaphansi kwegama likaBachmann, uKing wayesevele eshicilele izincwadi ezalandela ngaphansi kwegama lakhe langempela.

Ngama-80s kanye nama-90s, eminye yemisebenzi emihle kakhulu kaStephen yashicilelwa. Inoveli ethi The Shooter, okwakuyinoveli yokuqala ochungechungeni lweDark Tower, yazuza ukuthandwa okuthile.

Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngo-1982 uKing wabhala incwadi enamakhasi angama-300 ethi The Running Man ngezinsuku eziyishumi nje vo.

Maphakathi neminyaka yama-90s kwavela emashalofini ezincwadi inoveli ethi The Green Mile. Umbhali uyavuma ukuthi ubheka lo msebenzi njengenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ku-biography yakhe yokudala.

Ngo-1997, uStephen King wasayina inkontileka ne-Simon & Schuster, eyamkhokhela imali engamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili eyizigidi ezingama- $ 8 yeThe Bag of Bones, futhi wathembisa ukunika umbhali uhhafu wenzuzo ayithengisile.

Ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ye- "King of Horrors", izithombe eziningi zobuciko zathwetshulwa. Ngo-1998 wabhala iskripthi sochungechunge oludumile lwethelevishini i-X-Files, olwaziwa umhlaba wonke.

Ngo-1999, uStephen King washayiswa yitekisi. Kutholakale ukuthi unezinhlungu eziningi emlenzeni wangakwesokudla, ngaphezu kokulimala ekhanda nasemaphashini. Odokotela bakwenze ngendlela eyisimangaliso ukuhlenga umlenze wakhe ekunqanyulweni.

Isikhathi eside, le ndoda ibingakwazi ukuhlala endaweni yokuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engama-40, ngemuva kwalokho iqale ukuzwa ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki endaweni yenyonga ephukile.

Lesi siqephu somlando womuntu sizokwakha isisekelo sengxenye yesikhombisa yochungechunge oluthi "The Dark Tower".

Ngo-2002, uKing wamemezela ukuthatha umhlalaphansi emsebenzini wakhe wokubhala, ngenxa yezinhlungu ezibuhlungu ezazimvimba ekutheni agxile kwezobuciko.

Kamuva, nokho, uStephen waphinde walithatha ipeni. Ngo-2004, ingxenye yokugcina yochungechunge lwe-Dark Tower yashicilelwa, kwathi eminyakeni embalwa kamuva kwakhishwa inoveli ethi The Story of Lizzie.

Esikhathini 2008-2017. UKing ushicilele amanoveli amaningi, okubalwa kuwo iDuma Key, 11/22/63, Doctor Sleep, Mister Mercedes, Gwendy noHer Casket namanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwashicilelwa iqoqo lezindaba "Ubumnyama - futhi akukho okunye" namaqoqo ezindaba "Ngemuva kokushona kwelanga" nethi "The Shop of Bad Words" kwashicilelwa.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Enomkakhe, uThabitha Spruce, uStephen wahlangana phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokufunda. Kulo mshado, babenendodakazi, uNawomi, namadodana ama-2, uJoseph no-Owen.

KwiNkosi, uThabitha akayona nje inkosikazi, kepha futhi ungumngani oqotho nomsizi. Usinde enhluphekweni naye, ehlala exhasa umyeni wakhe futhi emsiza ekubhekaneni nokudangala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lona wesifazane wakwazi ukusinda ngesikhathi lapho uStephen ehlushwa khona wukuphuza ngokweqile nokuluthwa yizidakamizwa. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokukhishwa kweleveli ethi "Tomminokery", umbhali wamanoveli wavuma ukuthi wayengakhumbuli ukuthi wayibhala kanjani, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi wayeyizidakwa "eyimilutha" yezidakamizwa.

Kamuva, iNkosi yathola ukwelashwa okwamsiza ukuba abuyele empilweni yakhe yangaphambili.

Kanye nomkakhe, uStephen unezindlu ezintathu. Kusukela namhlanje, lo mbhangqwana unabazukulu abane.

UStephen King manje

Umbhali uyaqhubeka nokubhala izincwadi njengakuqala. Ku-2018 ushicilele amanoveli ama-2 - "Stranger" nethi "On the Rise". Ngonyaka olandelayo wethula umsebenzi "Isikhungo".

INkosi igxeke kakhulu uDonald Trump. Ushiya imibono engemihle ngosozigidigidi kumanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene omphakathi.

Ku-2019, uStephen, kanye noRobert De Niro, uLaurence Fishburne nabanye abaculi, baqopha ividiyo besola iziphathimandla zaseRussia ngokuhlasela intando yeningi yaseMelika noTrump ngokusebenzisana neRussia.