UPierre de Fermat (1601-1665) - Isazi sezibalo esizifundisayo saseFrance, ongomunye wabasunguli be-geometry ehlaziyayo, ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo, ithiyori yamathuba kanye nethiyori yezinombolo. Ummeli ngokomsebenzi, i-polyglot. Umbhali weFermat's Last Theorem, "iphazili lezibalo elidume kunayo yonke."
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaPierre Fermat, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaPierre Fermat.
Umlando kaPierre Fermat
UPierre Fermat wazalwa ngo-Agasti 17, 1601 edolobheni laseFrance iBeaumont de Lomagne. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini womthengisi ocebile nesikhulu, uDominic Fermat, nomkakhe uClaire de Long.
UPierre wayenomfowabo oyedwa nodadewabo ababili.
Ubuntwana, ubusha kanye nemfundo
Ababhali bezincwadi zikaPierre namanje abavumelani ngokuthi wafunda kuphi ekuqaleni.
Ngokuvamile kwamukelwa ukuthi umfana wafunda eNavarre College. Ngemuva kwalokho, wathola iziqu zakhe zomthetho eToulouse, naseBordeaux nase-Orleans.
Eminyakeni engama-30, uFermat waba ngummeli oqinisekisiwe, ngenxa yalokho wakwazi ukuthenga isikhundla sekhansela lasebukhosini ePhalamende eToulouse.
UPierre wayenyusa isitebhisi ngokushesha, eba yilungu le-House of Edicts ngo-1648. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwavela khona inhlayiyana "de" egameni lakhe, ngemuva kwalokho waqala ukubizwa - uPierre de Fermat.
Ngenxa yempumelelo nomsebenzi olinganiselwe wommeli, le ndoda yayinezikhathi eziningi zamahhala, eyayizinikela ekuzifundiseni. Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, waba nesithakazelo kwizibalo, efunda imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Umsebenzi weSayensi
Lapho uPierre eneminyaka engama-35 ubudala, wabhala incwadi ethi "Isingeniso kumcabango wezindawo eziyizicaba nezendawo", lapho echaza khona umbono wakhe we-geometry ehlaziya.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, usosayensi waqamba i- "Theorem Enkulu" yakhe edumile. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uzokwakha futhi - iThe Littlem kaFermat.
UFermat waxhumana nezazi zezibalo ezidume kakhulu, kufaka phakathi uMersenne noPascal, axoxa nabo ngombono wamathuba.
Ngo-1637, kwaqubuka ingxabano edumile phakathi kukaPierre noRené Descartes. Owokuqala ngesimo esibuhlungu wagxeka uCartesian Dioptrica, kanti owesibili wanikeza ukubuyekeza okulimazayo kwemisebenzi kaFermat yokuhlaziya.
Ngokushesha uPierre akazange ephuze ukunikeza izixazululo ezi-2 ezifanele - esisodwa ngokusho kwendatshana kaFermat, kanti esinye sisekelwe emibonweni kaDescartes "Geometry". Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba sobala ukuthi indlela kaPierre yavele yaba lula kakhulu.
Kamuva, uDescartes wacela intethelelo kumphikisi wakhe, kepha kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe wamphatha ngokuchema.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ukutholwa kobuhlakani baseFrance kusasinda kuze kube namuhla ngenxa yeqoqo lezincwadi zakhe ezinkulu nozakwabo. Umsebenzi wakhe kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, owashicilelwa waphrintwa, wawuthi "Treatise on Straightening".
UPierre Fermat, ngaphambi kukaNewton, ukwazile ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokudweba ama-tangents nezindawo zokubala. Futhi yize engazange ahlele izindlela zakhe, uNewton ngokwakhe akazange aphike ukuthi yimibono kaFermat eyamshukumisela ukuthi athuthukise ukuhlaziywa.
Okufanelekile okuyinhloko kwi-biography yesayensi yososayensi kuthathwa njengokudalwa kombono wezinombolo.
UFermat wayezifela kakhulu ngezinkinga zezibalo, ayevame ukuxoxa ngazo nezinye izazi zezibalo. Ngokuyinhloko, wayenesithakazelo ezinkingeni mayelana nezikwele zemilingo namacube, kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nemithetho yezinombolo zemvelo.
Kamuva, uPierre wasungula indlela yokuthola ngokuhlelekile bonke abahlukanisi benombolo futhi wasungula i-theorem ngokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi amele inombolo engenakuphikwa njengesamba esingekho ngaphezu kwezikwele ezi-4.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izindlela eziningi zokuqala zikaFermat zokuxazulula izinkinga namazinga asetshenziswa yiFermat namanje akwaziwa. Okungukuthi, usosayensi umane akazange ashiye noma yiluphi ulwazi mayelana nendlela ukuxazulula lo noma lowo msebenzi.
Kunecala elaziwayo lapho uMersenne ebuza umFulentshi ukuthola ukuthi inombolo engu-100 895 598 169 iyinhloko yini. Usheshe wathi le nombolo ilingana no-898423 iphindwe ngo-112303, kepha akashongo ukuthi ufinyelele kanjani kulesi siphetho.
Impumelelo evelele kaFermat ekubalweni kwezibalo yayingaphambi kwesikhathi sabo futhi bakhohlwa yiminyaka engama-70, baze bathathwa ngu-Euler, owashicilela umbono ohleliwe wezinombolo.
Ukutholwa kukaPierre ngokungangabazeki kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Wakha umthetho ojwayelekile wokwahlukanisa ama-degree angama-degree, waqamba indlela yokudweba ama-tangents ejikajikeni le-algebraic elingenazimpikiswano, wabuye wachaza nomgomo wokuxazulula inkinga enzima kakhulu yokuthola ubude bejika elingenazimpikiswano.
UFermat wadlulela phambili kuneDescartes lapho efuna ukufaka i-analytic geometry esikhaleni. Wakwazi ukwakha izisekelo zemibono yokuthi kungenzeka.
UPierre Fermat wayekhuluma kahle ngezilimi eziyi-6: isiFulentshi, isiLatini, isi-Occitan, isiGrikhi, isiNtaliyane neSpanishi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Lapho eneminyaka engu-30, uPierre washada nomzala wakhe ogama lakhe linguLouise de Long.
Kulomshado, kwazalwa izingane ezinhlanu: uClement-Samuel, uJean, uClaire, uCatherine noLouise.
Iminyaka edlule nokufa
Ngo-1652 uFermat wangenwa yilesi sifo, esasidlanga emadolobheni amaningi nasemazweni amaningi ngaleso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukululama kulesi sifo esesabekayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, usosayensi waphila eminye iminyaka engu-13, wafa ngoJanuwari 12, 1665 eneminyaka engama-63.
Abantu besikhathi sakhuluma noPierre njengomuntu othembekile, ohloniphekile, onomusa no-erudite.
Isithombe ngu-Pierre Fermat
