Ukucula kwe-Abyssinian ne-bagana kuyakhala,
Kuvusa okwedlule, kugcwele ukuthakatha;
Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho phambi kweLake Tana
IGondar yayiyinhloko-dolobha yasebukhosini.
Le migqa kaNikolai Gumilyov yenza iTopiya, etholakala kude ne-Afrika, isondele kakhulu kithi. Izwe eliyimfihlakalo lase-Abyssinia, esasilibiza nge-Ethiopia, kudala likhanga amaRussia. Amavolontiya ahambela i-Afrika esenkabazwe eyosiza abamnyama ngeshwa ukuba balwe nabahlaseli base-Italy. ISoviet Union, nayo eyayikhathele yizinkinga zezomnotho, yasiza uhulumeni kaMengist Haile Mariam ukuthi angabulawa yindlala bonke abantu ababengaphansi kwakhe - uma nje kwakusala umuntu.
I-Ethiopia uma ibheka emuva ngokomlando ingachazwa njengoKievan Rus - umzabalazo ongapheli noma isikhungo esinamandla namakhosi angaphandle, noma, uma umbusi akwazi ukuqoqa amabutho, izwe elihlangene nezitha zangaphandle. Futhi kubantu abavamile, izinhlekelele zezepolitiki, njengaseKievan Rus, zazifana nezimpophoma ebusweni bamanzi: abalimi, belima amasimu abo ngesandla, bancike kakhulu futhi bathembele emvuleni engaba khona kunakuhulumeni omkhulu, uma ihlala naseKiev, nase-Addis -Ababa.
1. I-Ethiopia iyizwe lama-26 emhlabeni ngokuya ngensimu ehlala abantu, futhi ngamanani ngqo le ndawo ibukeka iheha impela - 1,127,127 km2... Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amazwe amaningana ase-Afrika cishe anendawo efanayo kanye nemayini yamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha-skwele - amakholoni, ngokusobala, edweba imingcele, azama ukuhlukanisa i-Afrika ibe izingcezu ezilinganayo noma ezingaphansi.
2. Inani labantu base-Ethiopia ekuqaleni konyaka we-2018 cishe bangabantu abayizigidi ezingama-97. Le nkomba iphezulu kuphela emazweni we-13 omhlaba. Baningi abantu abahlala ezweni laseYurophu ngaphandle kweRussia. Inani labantu baseJalimane, eliseduzane ne-Ethiopia, lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-83. E-Afrika, i-Ethiopia ilandela izwe laseNigeria ngemuva kwenani lezakhamizi.
3. Ukuminyana kwabantu e-Ethiopia ngabantu abangama-76 ngekhilomitha-skwele ngalinye. Impela inani labantu elilinganayo e-Ukraine, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-Ethiopia, ngokungafani ne-Ukraine, iyizwe elinezintaba eziphakeme, futhi kunomhlaba omncane ofanele ukuhlala ezweni lase-Afrika.
4. Ngomnotho wase-Ethiopia, ngokwezibalo, konke kudabukisa kakhulu - umkhiqizo ophelele wasekhaya, obalwa ngokwamandla okuthenga, ungaphansi nje kuka- $ 2,000 umuntu ngamunye, okuyi-169 emhlabeni. E-Afghanistan, lapho impi ingazange ime khona isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, noma kunjalo kungamadola ka-2003.
5. Osebenza ngokujwayelekile umTopiya uhola, ngokusho kwezibalo, $ 237 ngenyanga. E-Russia, lesi sibalo singama- $ 615, kepha e-Uzbekistan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan nase-Ukraine bahola kancane kunase-Ethiopia. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwabahambi, emijondolo yase-Addis Ababa, u- $ 80 emholweni ojwayelekile uthathwa njengenjabulo. Kepha isidlo sesathelayithi sizolenga ngisho nangaphezulu komjondolo owenziwe ngamabhokisi amakhadibhodi.
6. I-Ethiopia ikleliswe endaweni ka-140 ekuklelisweni kwamazwe ngokususelwa esikhathini sokuphila. Abesifazane kulelizwe baphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-67, abesilisa baphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-63 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, iningi lamazwe ase-Afrika, kubandakanya neNingizimu Afrika eyake yachuma, lisohlwini olungezansi kwe-Ethiopia.
7. I-cliche ejwayelekile "abantu bahlala lapha kusukela endulo" ihambisana kahle nencazelo ye-Ethiopia. Iqiniso lokuthi okhokho basendulo babantu babehlala kule ndawo cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-4,5 eyedlule kufakazelwa yimiphumela eminingi yomlando.
ULucy ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Australopithecus yesifazane eyaphila okungenani iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-3.2 edlule
8. Emakhulwini eminyaka VII - VIII BC. e. Ensimini yaseTopiya yanamuhla kwakukhona umbuso ongabizeki, ekuboneni kuqala, igama elithi D'mt (igama, kunjalo, liyaphinyiselwa, izazi zolimi zisho umsindo phakathi kuka- [a] no- [futhi no-apostrophe. ukusetshenziswa kokunisela.
9. AmaGrikhi asendulo aqamba igama elithi "Ethiopia" futhi abiza kanjalo bonke abahlali base-Afrika - ngesiGreki leli gama lisho "ubuso obushisiwe".
10. UbuKristu baba yinkolo evelele eTopiya (ngaleso sikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi yi-Axum Kingdom) inkolo esivele ikhona maphakathi ne-IV century AD. Usuku lokusungulwa kwesonto lobuKrestu lasendaweni ngu-329.
11. I-Ethiopia ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwekhofi. Ngokomlando odumile, izakhiwo ze-tonic zamaqabunga nezithelo zesihlahla sekhofi zitholwe yizimbuzi. Umalusi wabo watshela isigodlo sendawo ukuthi ngokuhlafuna amaqabunga esihlahla sekhofi, izimbuzi ziyaqapha futhi zisheshe. Umbhishobhi wazama ukuphuza amaqabunga nezithelo - kwaba yisiphuzo esivuselelayo, kamuva esaziswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngesikhathi kuthathwa iTopiya, amaNtaliyane asungula i-espresso futhi aletha imishini yekhofi ezweni.
12. I-Ethiopia iyizwe eliphakeme kakhulu kunezintaba e-Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ephansi kunazo zonke yezwekazi nayo ikuleli lizwe. IDallol ingamamitha ayi-130 ngaphansi kogu lolwandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, iDallol futhi ingumpetha womhlaba ngokushisa okuphakathi konyaka - nangu-34.4 ° C.
13. Ulimi oluyinhloko e-Ethiopia isi-Amharic, ulimi lwabantu base-Amhara, abakha u-30% wabantu bakulelizwe. Izinhlamvu zamagama zibizwa ngo-Abugida. Ama-32% amaTopiya ngabantu abangama-Oromo. Amanye amaqembu ezinhlanga, angaphezu kwama-80 awo, nawo amelwe ngabantu base-Afrika.
14. Isigamu sabantu singamaKrestu aseMpumalanga Rite, amanye ama-10% ngamaProthestani, kanti inani lawo liyanda ngokusobala. Ingxenye yesithathu yabantu base-Ethiopia ingamaSulumane.
15. Inhlokodolobha yezwe, i-Addis Ababa, ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngeFinfin - ngolimi lomunye wabantu bendawo, okuthiwa imithombo eshisayo. I-Addis Ababa yaba yidolobha eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokusungulwa kwayo ngo-1886.
16. Ikhalenda lase-Ethiopia linezinyanga eziyi-13, hhayi eziyi-12. Lesi sakamuva siyi-analogue emfushane kaFebhuwari - ingaba nezinsuku ezi-5 ngonyaka ojwayelekile nezingu-6 ngonyaka weqa. Iminyaka ibalwa, njengoba kufanele amaKristu, kusukela ekuZalweni kukaKrestu, kuphela ngenxa yokunganembi kwekhalenda iTopiya iseminyakeni eyi-8 emuva kwamanye amazwe. Ngamawashi ase-Ethiopia, futhi, akuyona yonke into ecacile. Amahhovisi kahulumeni nezinto zokuhamba zisebenza ngokwesimiso somhlaba wonke - phakathi kwamabili ngo-0: 00, emini ngo-12: 00. Empilweni yansuku zonke e-Ethiopia, kuyisiko ukubala ukuphuma kwelanga okunemibandela (6:00) njengamahora angama-zero, naphakathi kwamabili. - Ukushona kwelanga okunemibandela (18:00). Ngakho-ke "ukuvuka ngehora lesithupha ekuseni" e-Ethiopia kusho ukuthi "ulale kuze kube yishumi nambili."
17. I-Ethiopia yayinamaJuda ayo amnyama, ayebizwa nge "Falasha". Umphakathi wawuhlala enyakatho yezwe futhi wawunabantu ababalelwa ku-45 000. Bonke kancane kancane baya kwa-Israyeli.
U-Yetaish Einau, u-Miss Israel, owazalelwa e-Ethiopia
18. Wonke usawoti e-Ethiopia ungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke ababusi nababusi abaningi banake kakhulu ukulawulwa kwamasiko wokungeniswa kwawo - bekungumthombo wemali ongapheli futhi ongapheli. Ngekhulu le-17, abantu bagwetshwa intambo kanye nokuthathwa kwempahla ngokuzama ukungenisa usawoti emasikweni adlule. Ngokufika kwezikhathi eziphucuzekile, kwethulwa udilikajele esikhundleni sokubulawa, kepha manje ungakutholi usawoti kuphela, kepha nemithi, okokukhiqiza, ngisho nezimoto.
19. Icala elihlukile e-Afrika - iTopiya ayikaze ibe ikoloni lanoma ngubani. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, izwe laliphethwe yi-Italy, kepha kwakuyilo kanye elalinezimpi zokulwa nezinye izinto ezazithokozisa abokufika.
20. I-Ethiopia yaba ngeyokuqala, ngokubekelwa okuncane, izwe lase-Afrika ukwamukelwa kwi-League of Nations. Ukubhuka kuthinta iNyunyana yaseNingizimu Afrika, njengoba iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika yamanje yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi. INingizimu Melika yayingomunye wabasunguli beNhlangano Yezizwe, kodwa ngokusemthethweni kwakuwumbuso waseBrithani, hhayi umbuso ozimele. E-UN, i-Ethiopia yayibizwa kanjalo. ilungu lokuqala - izwe elaliphakathi kwabokuqala ukujoyina iNhlangano.
21. Ngo-1993, abantu base-Eritrea, isifundazwe esisenyakatho lapho i-Ethiopia yayikwazi ukufinyelela olwandle, banquma ukuthi banokwanele ukondla i-Addis Ababa. I-Eritrea yahlukana ne-Ethiopia futhi yaba izwe elizimele. Manje isilinganiso somuntu ngamunye se-GDP ye-Eritrea sesiphindwe kasigamu nengxenye kunesaseTopiya.
22. Edolobheni laseLalibela kunamasonto ayi-13 aqoshwe ematsheni. Amasonto ayizinhlaka ezehlukile zokwakha. Zihlanganiswe uhlelo lokuhambisa amanzi ngobuciko. Umsebenzi we-titanic wokuqopha amathempeli etsheni wenziwa ngekhulu le-XII-XIII.
23. IKybre Nagest, incwadi engcwele yabaTopiya, egcinwe e-Addis Ababa, inesigxivizo somtapo wolwazi waseBritish Museum. Ngo-1868, abaseBrithani bahlasela i-Ethiopia, banqoba amabutho ombusi futhi baphanga izwe, phakathi kokunye, bathatha incwadi engcwele. Kodwa-ke, ngesicelo somunye umbusi, le ncwadi yabuyiselwa, kodwa isivele yagxivizwa.
24. ENational Museum yase-Ethiopia e-Addis Ababa kunetshe lesikhumbuzo likaPushkin - ukhokho wakhe wayevela e-Ethiopia, ngokunembile, evela e-Eritrea. Isikwele lapho kumi khona itshe lesikhumbuzo siphinde saqanjwa ngembongi enkulu yaseRussia.
25. Imizamo yokwenza ezolimo zihlangane, ezenziwa uhulumeni "wobusoshiyali" ngeminyaka yama-1970, yachitha ngokuphelele umkhakha wezolimo. Iminyaka eminingana eyomile yaphakanyiswa kakhulu kulo monakalo, okwaholela endlaleni enkulu kakhulu, eyadlula nemiphefumulo yezigidi zabantu.
26. Kodwa-ke abaseTopiya babebulawa yindlala noma bengenabo ubusoshiyali. Izwe linenhlabathi enamatshe amaningi. Lokhu kuvimbela izinga elincane lokusebenzisa imishini yabasebenzi abampofu. Futhi nemfuyo enkulu kakhulu (kunenye yayo e-Ethiopia maqondana nendawo yezwe kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo e-Afrika) ayilondolozi ngonyaka olambile - izinkomo zihamba ngaphansi komese, noma zithathe ikhefu lokuswela ukudla phambi kwabantu.
27. Enye indlala yadala ukugumbuqelwa kweNgonyama u-Haile Selassie. Yayomile iminyaka emithathu ilandelana kusukela ngo-1972 kuya ku-1974. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani kawoyela aphindaphindeka kathathu, kuyilapho i-Ethiopia yayingenawo ama-hydrocarbon ayo ngaleso sikhathi (manje, ngokusho kweminye imibiko, amaShayina asethole uwoyela negesi). Yayingekho imali yokuthenga ukudla phesheya - i-Ethiopia yathumela kuphela ikhofi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usizo lwabantu abavela phesheya lwaphangwa. Umbusi washiywa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngisho nonogada wakhe uqobo. U-Haile Selassie wasuswa esikhundleni ngo-1974 wabulawa ngemuva konyaka.
28. Isibhedlela sokuqala esavulwa e-Ethiopia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwakuyisibhedlela saseRussia. Amavolontiya aseRussia asiza amaTopiya empini yokulwa namaNtaliyane ngo-1893-1913, kepha leli qiniso alikhanyiswanga kangako emlandweni nasezincwadini kunokubamba iqhaza kwamaRussia eMpini YamaBhunu. Kodwa-ke, abaseTopiya bahlolisisa usizo lwaseRussia ngendlela efanayo njengabanye "ababambisene nabo" kanye "nabantu abazalwane" abayihlolisisa: ngethuba lokuqala baqala ukufuna ukuvikelwa kweNgilandi ne-United States.
29. Izenzo zamasosha okuqala aseRussia-abezizwe kufanele bakhulume ngamagama abo. U-Esaul Nikolai Leontyev waletha iqembu lokuqala lamavolontiya nodadewabo besihe e-Ethiopia ngo-1895. Iseluleko sika-Esaul Leontiev sisize u-Emperor Menelik II ukuba anqobe impi. Amaqhinga kaKutuzov asebenze: amaNtaliyane aphoqeleka ukwelula ukuxhumana, opha aze abulawe ngokushaywa ngemuva futhi anqotshwa empini ewujuqu. IPhini likaLeontiev laliyinhloko kaputeni uK. Zvyagin. UCornet Alexander Bulatovich uklonyeliswe ngomklomelo ophakeme kunayo yonke waseTopiya ngempumelelo yezempi - wathola isabula yegolide nesihlangu.
UNikolay Leontiev
30. E-Ethiopia kukhona i-analogue ye-Moscow Tsar Cannon. Isibhamu esingaqhunyiswa njalo esingamathani angu-70 asihlangene neze neRussia Tsar Cannon. Yaphonswa ngabaseTopiya uqobo ngo-1867. Impi YaseCrimea isanda kuphela, nase-Afrika ekude, isibindi samasosha aseRussia namatilosi aphikisana nalo lonke elaseYurophu.
