Boris Efimovich Nemtsov (1959-2015) - usopolitiki waseRussia nosopolitiki, usomabhizinisi. Iphini le-Yaroslavl Regional Duma kusuka ngo-2013 kuya ku-2015, ngaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe. Wadutshulwa ngobusuku bangoFebhuwari 27-28, 2015 eMoscow.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaNemtsov, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaBoris Nemtsov.
Umlando we-Nemtsov
UBoris Nemtsov wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 9, 1959 eSochi. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wesikhulu u-Efim Davydovich nomkakhe uDina Yakovlevna, owayesebenza njengodokotela wezingane.
Ngaphezu Boris emndenini Nemtsov wazalwa intombazane okuthiwa Julia.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kuze kube iminyaka engu-8, uBoris wayehlala eSochi, ngemuva kwalokho wathuthela eGorky (manje eyiNizhny Novgorod) nonina nodadewabo.
Ngenkathi efunda esikoleni, uNemtsov wathola amamaki aphezulu kuyo yonke imikhakha, ngakho-ke waphumelela ngendondo yegolide.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uBoris waqhubeka nokufunda eyunivesithi yangakini eMnyangweni weRadiophysics. Wayesengomunye wabafundi abenza kahle kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho waphothula iziqu zakhe enyuvesi ngeziqu.
Ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, uNemtsov wasebenza isikhashana esikhungweni sokucwaninga. Usebenze ezindabeni ze-hydrodynamics, i-plasma physics ne-acoustics.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi phakathi naleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uBoris wazama ukubhala izinkondlo nezindaba, futhi wafundisa neziNgisi nezibalo njengomfundisi.
Lapho ngineminyaka engu-26, umfana wathola i-PhD ku-Physics naku-Mathematics. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayeseshicilele amaphepha esayensi angaphezu kuka-60.
Ngo-1988, uNemtsov wajoyina izishoshovu ezafuna ukuthi kumiswe ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo samandla enuzi saseGorky ngoba kungcolisa imvelo.
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezishoshovu, iziphathimandla zendawo zavuma ukumisa ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi. Kwakungaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe lapho uBoris waba nesithakazelo kwezepolitiki, ebeka isayensi emuva.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ngo-1989, uNemtsov waqokwa njengomuntu owayezongenela ukhetho ePhini Labantu Lase-USSR, kepha abamele ikhomishini yokhetho abambhalisanga. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wayengakaze abe yilungu leqembu lamaKhomanisi.
Ngonyaka olandelayo usopolitiki osemncane uba yiphini labantu. Kamuva waba yilungu lamabutho ezepolitiki afana ne- "Reform Coalition" kanye ne- "Center Left - Cooperation".
Ngaleso sikhathi, uBoris wasondelana no-Yeltsin, owayenesifiso sombono wakhe ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kweRussia. Kamuva, waba yilungu lamabhulokhi anjengoSmena, amaSekela Amaqembu Angenayo Inhlangano, kanye neRussia Union.
Ngo-1991, uNemtsov waba yisethenjwa sikaYeltsin ngaphambi kokhetho lukamongameli. Ngesikhathi esidumile sika-Agasti putch, wayephakathi kwalabo ababevikela i-White House.
Ekupheleni konyaka ofanayo, uBoris Nemtsov waphathiswa isikhundla sokuphatha isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod. Ngalesi sikhathi wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa njengesikhulu esiphezulu sebhizinisi kanye nomhleli.
Le ndoda yenze izinhlelo eziningi eziphumelelayo, ezibandakanya i- "People's Telephone", "Gasification of villages", "ZERNO" ne- "Meter by meter". Iphrojekthi yokugcina ibhekane nezinkinga ezihlobene nokunikezwa kwezindlu zabasebenzi bezempi.
Ezingxoxweni, uNemtsov wayevame ukugxeka iziphathimandla ngokungenzi kahle kwezinguquko. Ngokushesha, wamemela ekomkhulu lakhe uGrigory Yavlinsky, owayeyisazi sezomnotho.
Ngo-1992 uBoris, kanye noGregory, basungula uhlelo olukhulu lwezinguquko ezifundeni.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, izakhamizi zesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod zakhetha uNemtsov kuMkhandlu Wenhlangano WeFederal Assembly yeRussian Federation, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 uba yilungu lekomidi loMkhandlu weFederation Council wezimali nemithetho yezikweletu.
Ngo-1995, uBoris Efimovich uphinde wabamba isikhundla sombusi wesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayenedumela lokuba ngoshintsho oluthembisayo, futhi wayenomlingiswa oqinile kanye nomoya wothando.
Kungekudala, uNemtsov wahlela iqoqo lamasiginesha esifundeni sakhe ukuze kuhoxiswe amasosha eChechnya, abese enikezwa umongameli.
Ngo-1997, uBoris Nemtsov waba yiphini likandunankulu wokuqala kuhulumeni kaViktor Chernomyrdin. Uqhubekile nokwakha izinhlelo ezintsha ezisebenza kahle ezihlose ukuthuthukisa umbuso.
Ngenkathi iKhabinethi YoNgqongqoshe iholwa nguSergei Kiriyenko, washiya esikhundleni sakhe uNemtsov, ngaleso sikhathi owayebhekene nezinkinga zezezimali. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwenhlekelele eyaqala maphakathi no-1998, uBoris wesula esikhundleni.
Ukuphikiswa
Ngokusebenzisa isikhundla sokuba yiphini likasihlalo kahulumeni, uNemtsov wakhunjulwa ngesiphakamiso sakhe sokudlulisela zonke izikhulu ezimotweni zasekhaya.
Ngaleso sikhathi, le ndoda yasungula umphakathi we- "Young Russia". Kamuva waba yiphini leqembu le-Union of Right Forces, ngemuva kwalokho waqokwa njengephini likasihlalo wephalamende.
Ekupheleni kuka-2003, i- "Union of Right Forces" ayizange idlulele kuDuma womhlangano wesine, ngakho-ke uBoris Nemtsov washiya isikhundla sakhe ngenxa yokwehluleka kokhetho.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, lo sopolitiki wasekela abasekeli balokho okubizwa nge- "Orange Revolution" e-Ukraine. Wayevame ukukhuluma nababhikishi eMaidan eKiev, ebancoma ngokuzimisela kwabo ukuvikela amalungelo abo nentando yeningi.
Ezinkulumweni zakhe, uNemtsov wayevame ukukhuluma ngesifiso sakhe sokubamba lezo zenzo eRussia Federation, egxeka kakhulu uhulumeni waseRussia.
Lapho uViktor Yushchenko eba nguMongameli wase-Ukraine, waxoxisana nabaphikisi baseRussia ngezinto ezithile ezihlobene nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezwe.
Ngo-2007, uBoris Efimovich wabamba iqhaza okhethweni lukamongameli, kepha isikhundla sakhe sokuphakanyiswa sasekelwa abangaphansi kuka-1% bakubo. Ngokushesha wethule incwadi yakhe esihloko sithi "Confessions of a Rebel".
Ngo-2008, uNemtsov nabantu bakhe ababenomqondo ofanayo basungula iqembu eliphikisayo leSolidarity. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi omunye wabaholi beqembu kwakunguGarry Kasparov.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uBoris wagijimela imeya yaseSochi, kepha wehlulwa, wathatha indawo yesibili.
Ku-2010, lo sopolitiki ubamba iqhaza ekuhleleni umbutho omusha wokuphikisa "WeRussia ngaphandle kokucindezelwa nenkohlakalo." Ngokwesisekelo sayo, kwasungulwa i- "Party of People's Freedom" (PARNAS), okwathi ngo-2011 ikhomishini yokhetho yenqaba ukubhalisa.
NgoDisemba 31, 2010, uNemtsov nozakwabo u-Ilya Yashin baboshwa eTriumfalnaya Square ngemuva kokukhuluma emhlanganweni. Laba bantu babekwe icala lokungaziphathi kahle futhi babathumela ejele izinsuku eziyi-15.
Eminyakeni yamuva, uBoris Efimovich usolwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngamacala ahlukahlukene. Umemezele esidlangalaleni ukuzwelana kwakhe ne-Euromaidan, eqhubeka nokugxeka uVladimir Putin nethimba lakhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi Nemtsov kwaba Raisa Akhmetovna, naye ngokusemthethweni ubuhlobo phakathi neminyaka umfundi.
Kulo mshado, kuzalwe intombazane uZhanna, ozophinde axhumanise impilo yakhe nezombusazwe ngokuzayo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uBoris noZhanna baqala ukuhlala ngokuhlukile kuma-90s, ngenkathi besala indoda nomkayo.
UBoris unezingane ezivela entatheli u-Ekaterina Odintsova: indodana - u-Anton nendodakazi - uDina.
Ngo-2004, uNemtsov wayesebudlelwaneni nonobhala wakhe u-Irina Koroleva, ngenxa yalokho intombazane yakhulelwa yazala intombazane, uSofia.
Ngemuva kwalokho, lo sopolitiki waqala ukuthandana no-Anastasia Ogneva, okwaqhubeka iminyaka emithathu.
Othandekayo wokugcina kaBoris kwakuyimodeli yase-Ukraine u-Anna Duritskaya.
Ngo-2017, eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kokubulawa kwesikhulu, iNkantolo yeZamoskvoretsky yaseMoscow yamamukela umfana u-Yekaterina Iftodi, uBoris, owazalwa ngo-2014, njengendodana kaBoris Nemtsov.
Ukubulawa kukaNemtsov
UNemtsov wadutshulwa wabulawa ngobusuku bangoFebhuwari 27-28, 2015 enkabeni yeMoscow eBolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge, ngenkathi ehamba no-Anna Duritskaya.
Ababulali baphunyuke ngemoto emhlophe, lokhu kufakazelwa ukuqoshwa kwama-video.
UBoris Efimovich wabulawa kusasele usuku ngaphambi kwemashi ephikisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Spring March kwaba iphrojekthi yokugcina yosopolitiki. UVladimir Putin ubize ukubulawa kwakhe ngokuthi "inkontileka nokuvusa inkanuko", waphinde wayalela ukuthi kuphenywe ngaleli cala kutholakale nezigebengu.
Ukufa kwesiphikisi esidumile kwaba yinto yangempela emhlabeni wonke. Abaholi abaningi bomhlaba banxuse umongameli waseRussia ukuthi abathole ngokushesha futhi abajezise ababulali.
Abantu abaningi bakubo kaNemtsov bashaqekile ngokufa kwakhe okubuhlungu. UKsenia Sobchak udlulise amazwi enduduzo ezihlotsheni zikamufi, embiza ngomuntu othembekile noqhakazile olwela imigomo yakhe.
Uphenyo lokubulala
Ngo-2016, ithimba labaphenyi lamemezela ukuphothulwa kwenqubo yophenyo. Ongoti bathe abasolwa ngokubulala banikezwa u-RUB 15 million ngokubulala lesi sikhulu.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu aba-5 basolwa ngokubulala uNemtsov: uShadid Gubashev, Temirlan Eskerkhanov, uZaur Dadaev, u-Anzor Gubashev noKhamzat Bakhaev.
Umqalisi wesibhicongo wabizwa ngowayengumphathi webutho laseChechen "Sever" uRuslan Mukhudinov. Ngokusho kwabaseshi, kwakunguMukhudinov owayalela ukubulawa kukaBoris Nemtsov, ngenxa yalokho wafakwa ohlwini lwabafunwa umhlaba wonke.
Ngasekuqaleni kuka-2016, abaphenyi bamemezela ukuthi izivivinyo ezinqala ezingama-70 zaqinisekisa ukuthinteka kwabo bonke abasolwa kulokhu kubulala.
Izithombe zeNemtsov
