U-Aurelius Augustine

U-Aurelius Augustine Ipponian, obeye aziwe njengo Ubusisiwe u-Augustine - Isazi semfundiso yenkolo kanye nesazi sefilosofi esingumKristu, umshumayeli ovelele, umbhishobhi waseHippo nomunye woFata beSonto LamaKristu. Ungcwele emasontweni amaKhatholika, ama-Orthodox namaLuthela.

Ku-biography ka-Aurelius Augustine, kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nemfundiso yenkolo nefilosofi.

Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane ka-Augustine.

Umlando ka-Aurelius Augustine

U-Aurelius Augustine wazalwa ngoNovemba 13, 354 edolobheni elincane laseTagast (uMbuso WaseRoma).

Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wesikhulu uPatricia, owayengumnikazi wendawo omncane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubaba ka-Augustine wayengumhedeni, kanti unina, uMonica, wayengumKristu ozinikele.

Umama wenza konke okusemandleni ukugxilisa ubuKristu endodaneni yakhe, kanye nokumnika imfundo enhle. Wayengowesifazane olunge kakhulu, elwela impilo yokulunga.

Mhlawumbe kungenxa yalokhu lapho umyeni wakhe uPatricius, ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, eguqukele ebuKristwini futhi wabhapathizwa. Ngaphezu kuka-Aurelius, kulo mndeni kwazalwa ezinye izingane ezimbili.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Ngesikhathi esemusha, u-Aurelius Augustine wayezithanda izincwadi zesiLatini. Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni sendawo, waya eMadavra ukuyoqhubeka nezifundo zakhe.

Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, u-Augustine wafunda i- "Aeneid" edumile nguVirgil.

Ngokushesha, ngenxa kaRomanin, umngani womndeni, wakwazi ukuya eCarthage, lapho afunda khona ubuciko bokukhuluma iminyaka emithathu.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, u-Aurelius Augustine waqala ukunakekela intombazanyana. Ngokushesha baqala ukuhlala ndawonye, kodwa umshado wabo awuzange ubhaliswe ngokomthetho.

Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi le ntombazane yayingaphansi kwesigaba esiphansi, ngakho wayengenakulindela ukuba abe ngumka-Augustine. Kodwa-ke, lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala ndawonye iminyaka engaba ngu-13. Kule nyunyana babenomfana u-Adeodat.

Ifilosofi nobuciko

Phakathi neminyaka yokuphila kwakhe, u-Aurelius Augustine washicilela izincwadi eziningi lapho achaza khona imiqondo yakhe yefilosofi nokuhumusha kwezimfundiso ezahlukahlukene zobuKristu.

Imisebenzi emikhulu ka-Augustine ithi "Ukuvuma" kanye "Nasedolobheni LikaNkulunkulu" Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi isazi sefilosofi seza ebuKristwini ngeManichaeism, skepticism kanye neo-Platonism.

U-Aurelius wahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu yimfundiso emayelana nokuwa nangomusa kaNkulunkulu. Wavikela imfundiso yokunqunyelwa kusengaphambili, ethi ekuqaleni uNkulunkulu wayenquma ukuthi umuntu ajabule noma aqalekise. Kodwa-ke, uMdali ukwenze ngokokubona kwakhe kwenkululeko yokuzikhethela komuntu.

Ngokuka-Augustine, umhlaba wonke obonakalayo wadalwa nguNkulunkulu, kubandakanya nomuntu. Emisebenzini yakhe, umcabangi wachaza izinhloso eziyinhloko nezindlela zokusindiswa kokubi, okwamenza waba omunye wabameleli abaqhakazile be-patristism.

U-Aurelius Augustine wasinaka kakhulu isimo sombuso, ekhombisa ukuphakama kombuso ongaphezulu kwamandla ombuso.

Futhi, le ndoda yahlukanisa izimpi zaba ezilungile nezingafanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, ababhali bezinto eziphilayo baka-Augustine bakhomba izigaba ezintathu zomsebenzi wakhe:

Imisebenzi yefilosofi.
Izimfundiso zenkolo nezesonto.
Imibuzo ngemvelaphi yomhlaba nezinkinga ze-eschatology.

Ukucabanga ngesikhathi, u-Augustine ufinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi okwedlule noma ikusasa akunakho ukuba khona kwangempela, kepha kuphila manje. Lokhu kubonakala kulokhu okulandelayo:

okwedlule kuyimemori kuphela;
okwamanje akulutho ngaphandle kokucabanga;
ikusasa ukulindela noma ithemba.

Isazi sefilosofi saba nethonya elinamandla ohlangothini lwezinkolelo zobuKristu. Wathuthukisa imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu, lapho uMoya oNgcwele usebenza njengomgomo wokuxhuma phakathi kukaYise neNdodana, ongaphakathi kohlaka lwemfundiso yamaKatolika futhi ophikisana nemfundiso yenkolo yama-Orthodox.

Iminyaka edlule nokufa

U-Aurelius Augustine wabhapathizwa ngo-387 nendodana yakhe u-Adeodatus. Emva kwalokho wathengisa yonke impahla yakhe, wabela abampofu imali ayitholayo.

Ngokushesha u-Augustine wabuyela e-Afrika, lapho asungula khona umphakathi wezindela. Ngemuva kwalokho lo mcabangi wanyuselwa esikhundleni sokuba ngumongameli, kwathi kamuva waba ngumbhishobhi. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-395.

U-Aurelius Augustine ushone ngo-Agasti 28, 430 eneminyaka engama-75. Ushone ngesikhathi kuvinjezelwa idolobha laseHippo.

Ngemuva kwalokho, izinsalela zikaSt.Augustine zathengwa yinkosi yamaLombard okuthiwa uLiutprand, eyalela ukuthi bangcwatshwe esontweni laseSt. UPeter.