Plutarch, igama eligcwele UMestrius Plutarch - umbhali wasendulo ongumGreki nesazi sefilosofi, isithunzi somphakathi ngenkathi yamaRoma. Waziwa kakhulu njengombhali wencwadi ethi "Comparative Biographies", echaza izithombe zabantu abadumile bezepolitiki baseGrisi naseRoma lasendulo.
I-biography kaPlutarch iqukethe amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngempilo yakhe yangasese neyomphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaPlutarch.
I-biography kaPlutarch
UPlutarch wazalwa ngo-46 edolobhaneni laseHeronia (uMbuso WaseRoma). Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ocebile.
Okuningi ngeminyaka yokuqala yezazi-mlando zempilo kaPlutarch abazi lutho.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngiseyingane, uPlutarch, kanye nomfowabo uLamprius, bafunda izincwadi ezahlukahlukene, bathola imfundo enhle e-Athene. Ebusheni bakhe, uPlutarch wafunda ifilosofi, izibalo kanye nokukhuluma. Wafunda kakhulu ifilosofi emazwini ka-Ammonius kaPlato.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uPlutarch, kanye nomfowabo u-Ammonius, bavakashela eDelphi. Lolu hambo lwadlala indima enkulu kwi-biography yombhali wesikhathi esizayo. Uyithonye kakhulu impilo yakhe yangasese neyokubhala (bheka amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezincwadi).
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uPlutarch wangena emisebenzini yomphakathi. Ngesikhathi esaphila, wayephethe amahhovisi omphakathi angaphezu kwelilodwa.
Ifilosofi Nezincwadi
UPlutarch wafundisa amadodana akhe ukufunda nokubhala ngesandla sakhe, futhi wayevame ukuhlela imihlangano yentsha endlini. Wakha uhlobo lwesikole esizimele, esebenza njengomeluleki nomfundisi.
Lo mcabangi wayezibheka njengabalandeli bakaPlato. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, wanamathela kwi-eclecticism - indlela yokwakha uhlelo lwefilosofi ngokuhlanganisa izinhlinzeko ezahlukahlukene ezibolekwe kwezinye izikole zefilosofi.
Ngisho nangesikhathi sokufunda kwakhe, uPlutarch wahlangana nama-peripatetics - abafundi baka-Aristotle, namaStoyiki. Kamuva wagxeka kakhulu izimfundiso zamaStoyiku namaEpikhuru (bheka u-Epicurus).
Isazi sefilosofi sasivame ukuhamba emhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, wakwazi ukusondela kumaRoma Neopythagoreans.
Ifa lemibhalo kaPlutarch likhulu ngempela. Wabhala cishe imisebenzi engama-210, eminingi yayo esasekhona kuze kube namuhla.
Okuthandwa kakhulu kwakuyi "Biographies Comparative" kanye nomjikelezo "wokuziphatha", oqukethe imisebenzi engu-78. Encwadini yokuqala, umbhali wethule ama-biographies angama-22 amaGrikhi namaRoma adumile.
Le ncwadi ibiqukethe imidwebo yomlando kaJulius Caesar, uPericles, u-Alexander the Great, uCicero, Artaxerxes, uPompey, uSolon nabanye abaningi. Umbhali ukhethe ngazimbili ngesisekelo sokufana kwabalingiswa nemisebenzi yabantu abathile.
Umjikelezo "Wokuziphatha", obhalwe nguPlutarch, awuphathanga nje ngokufundisa kuphela, kodwa nangomsebenzi wezemfundo. Ukhulume nabafundi ngokuxoxa, ukuba namahloni, ukuhlakanipha, nezinye izici. Futhi, emsebenzini kwanakwa ukunakekela izingane.
UPlutarch futhi akazange adlule kwezepolitiki, ezazithokozela ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwamaGrikhi namaRoma.
Ukhulume ngezombusazwe emisebenzini enjengethi "Instruction on State Affairs" nethi "On Monarchy, Democracy and Oligarchy."
Kamuva, uPlutarch wanikezwa ubuzwe baseRoma, waphinde wathola ihhovisi lomphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu ku-biography yefilosofi.
Ngenkathi kungena umbuso kaTitus Flavius Domitian, inkululeko yokukhuluma yaqala ukucindezelwa kuhulumeni. Ngenxa yalokho, uPlutarch waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele eChaeronea ukuze angagwetshelwa ukufa ngenxa yemibono nezitatimende zakhe.
Umbhali wahambela wonke amadolobha amakhulu amaGrikhi, enza ukubonwa okuningi okubalulekile nokuqoqa inani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo.
Lokhu kuvumele uPlutarch ukuthi ashicilele izincwadi ezinjenge- "On Isis and Osiris", ebichaza ukuqonda kwakhe izinganekwane zasendulo zaseGibhithe, kanye nohlobo lwamavolumu ama-2 - "Imibuzo yamaGrikhi" kanye "Nemibuzo yaseRoma".
Le misebenzi yahlaziya umlando wamandla amakhulu amabili, ama-biographies amabili ka-Alexander the Great neminye imisebenzi eminingi.
Siyazi ngemibono yefilosofi kaPlato sibonga izincwadi ezinjengethi "Imibuzo kaPlato", "Emibhalweni yamaStoyiku", "Izinkulumo Zethebula", "Ekunciphiseni Kwama-Oracle" nezinye eziningi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Asazi okuningi ngomndeni kaPlutarch. Wayeshade noTimoksen. Lo mbhangqwana wawunamadodana amane nendodakazi eyodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indodakazi nenye yamadodana bashona besebancane.
Ngokubona indlela umkakhe alangazelela ngayo izingane ezilahlekile, wambhalela ikakhulukazi indatshana ethi "Consolation to the Wife", esasinda kuze kube namuhla.
Ukufa
Usuku oluqondile lokufa kukaPlutarch alwaziwa. Kuyamukelwa jikelele ukuthi washona ngo-127. Uma lokhu kuliqiniso, khona-ke waphila ngale ndlela iminyaka engama-81.
UPlutarch ushonele kwelakubo eChaeronea, kepha wangcwatshwa eDelphi - ngokwentando yakhe. Kwakhiwa itshe lesikhumbuzo ethuneni lesazi, okwatholwa abavubukuli ngo-1877 ngesikhathi sokumba.
I-crater eseNyangeni ne-asteroid 6615 iqanjwe ngePlutarch.
