UDmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev - Usosayensi waseRussia, isazi samakhemikhali, i-physicist, i-metrologist, isazi sezomnotho, isazi sezobuchwepheshe, i-geologist, i-meteorologist, i-oilman, uthisha, i-aeronaut kanye nomenzi wezinsimbi. Ilungu elihambisanayo le-Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Phakathi kokutholwe okudume kakhulu umthetho wezikhathi zamakhemikhali (bheka amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngamakhemikhali).
I-biography kaDmitry Mendeleev igcwele amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ahlobene nempilo yakhe yangasese neyesayensi.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho i-biography emfushane kaMendeleev.
Biography Dmitry Mendeleev
UDmitry Mendeleev wazalwa ngoJanuwari 27 (Februwari 8) 1834 eTobolsk. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini ka-Ivan Pavlovich, umqondisi wezikole eziningana zaseTobolsk. Ngawo-1840, uMendeleev Sr. wathola abakwaDecembrists ababedingisiwe endlini yakhe.
Unina kaDmitry, uMaria Dmitrievna, wayengowesifazane ofundile owayebandakanyeka ekukhuliseni izingane. Emndenini wakwaMendeleev, kwazalwa izingane eziyi-14 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo engu-17), lapho omncane enguDmitry. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izingane ezi-8 zashona zisencane.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Lapho uMendeleev eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10, walahlekelwa nguyise, owaqala ukungaboni ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe.
Lokhu kwaba ukulahlekelwa kokuqala okukhulu ku-biography yososayensi wesikhathi esizayo.
Phakathi nezifundo zakhe ejimini, uDmitry akazange enze kahle ezifundweni, ethola amamaki amancane ezifundweni eziningi. Esinye sezihloko ezazinzima kakhulu kuye kwakuyiLatin.
Noma kunjalo, umama wakhe wasiza lo mfana ukuba athuthukise uthando lwesayensi, okwathi kamuva wamthatha wayofunda eSt.
Eminyakeni engu-16, uDmitry Mendeleev uphasa ngempumelelo izivivinyo eMain Pedagogical Institute eMnyangweni Wezesayensi Yemvelo yeFiziksi neMathematics.
Ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa ifunda kahle futhi ishicilela ne-athikili ethi "On isomorphism." Ngenxa yalokho, waphothula iziqu esikoleni.
Isayensi
Ngo-1855 uDmitry Mendeleev waqokwa njengothisha omkhulu wesayensi yezemvelo esikoleni sokuzivocavoca samadoda eSimferopol. Ngemuva kokusebenza lapha isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka, wathuthela e-Odessa, lapho athola khona umsebenzi wobuthisha e-lyceum.
Ngemuva kwalokho uMendeleev uvikele umbhalo wakhe ku "Isakhiwo samakhemikhali e-silica", amvumela ukuthi afundise. Ngokushesha wavikela enye ithisisi futhi waqokwa njengomsizi kaprofesa wale nyuvesi.
Ngo-1859 uDmitry Ivanovich wathunyelwa eJalimane. Lapho wafunda uketshezi lwe-capillary, waphinde washicilela izindatshana zesayensi ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, wabuyela eSt.
Ngo-1861 uMendeleev washicilela incwadi ethi "Organic Chemistry", athola ngayo umklomelo weDemidov.
Nsuku zonke udumo lwesosayensi waseRussia lwathola izilinganiso ezinkulu kakhulu. Kakade eneminyaka engu-30, waba uprofesa, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa waphathiswa inhloko yomnyango.
Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, uDmitry Mendeleev wayehlanganyela emisebenzini yokufundisa, futhi wasebenza ngokuzikhandla ku- "Fundamentals of Chemistry". Ngo-1869, wethula uhlu lwezinto ezithile zesayensi emhlabeni, okwamenza waziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Ekuqaleni, ithebula lezikhathi lalinenqwaba ye-athomu enezakhi eziyi-9 kuphela. Kamuva, kwanezelwa iqembu lamagesi amahle. Etafuleni, ungabona amaseli amaningi angenalutho wezinto ezingakavulwa.
Ngawo-1890s, usosayensi waba negalelo elikhulu ekutholeni into enje nge - radioactivity. Ubuye wafunda futhi wathuthukisa umbono we-hydration wezixazululo ngenzalo.
Ngokushesha uMendeleev waba nesithakazelo ekutadisheni ukuqina kwamagesi, ngenxa yalokho wakwazi ukuthola ukulingana kwegesi ekahle.
Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, isazi samakhemikhali sakha uhlelo lweziphuzo ezihluzwa ngamafutha zemikhiqizo kaphethiloli, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamathangi namapayipi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushiswa kukawoyela ezithandweni kwakungasenziwa.
Kulesi senzakalo, uMendeleev uzwakalise ibinzana lakhe elidumile: "Uwoyela ovuthayo uyefana nokubilisa isitofu ngamaphepha emali."
Indawo yesithakazelo sikaDmitry ivanovich ibuye ifake nejografi. Wakha ibarometer-altimeter ehlukile, eyethulwa kwenye yezingqungquthela zomhlaba eFrance.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eneminyaka engama-53, usosayensi wanquma ukubamba iqhaza ezindizeni zebhaluni emkhathini ongaphezulu ngenhloso yokubona ukusitheka kwelanga okuphelele.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uMendeleev waba nengxabano enkulu nesinye sezikhulu ezivelele. Ngenxa yalokho, wanquma ukushiya inyuvesi.
Ngo-1892 uDmitry Mendeleev wasungula ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha impuphu engenantuthu. Ngokufana nalokhu, wayebandakanyeka kwizibalo zamazinga wokulinganisa aseRussia nawesiNgisi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokufaka kwakhe, uhlelo lwe-metric lwezinyathelo lwethulwa ngokuzithandela.
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1905-1907. UMendeleev waqokwa njengomuntu ozongenela iNobel Prize. Ngo-1906, iKomidi likaNobel laklomelisa usosayensi waseRussia lo mklomelo, kodwa iRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences ayizange isiqinisekise lesi sinqumo.
Phakathi neminyaka yokuphila kwakhe, uDmitry Mendeleev washicilela imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-1 500. Ngegalelo lakhe elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yomhlaba, wanikezwa imiklomelo eminingi ehlonishwayo neziqu.
Usokhemisi usephinde waba yilungu elihloniphekile lemiphakathi ehlukahlukene yesayensi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngesikhathi esemusha, uDmitry wahlangana nentombazane uSophia, owayemazi kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kamuva, abantu abasha banquma ukushada, kodwa ngaphambi nje komcimbi womshado, le ntombazane yenqaba ukuya ezansi. Umakoti wazizwa engafanele ukushintsha noma yini empilweni uma emuhle vele.
Kamuva uMendeleev waqala ukuthandana noFeozva Leshcheva, ayekade azi naye kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mbhangqwana washada ngo-1862, kwathi ngonyaka olandelayo baba nentombazane, uMaria.
Ngemuva kwalokho, babesenendodana, uVladimir, nendodakazi u-Olga.
UDmitry Mendeleev wayezithanda izingane, kodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, wayengakwazi ukunikela isikhathi esiningi kubo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo mshado wawungewona neze owenjabulo.
Ngo-1876 uMendeleev waba nesithakazelo ku-Anna Popova. Ngaleso sikhathi, le ndoda yayivele ineminyaka engama-42 ubudala, kuyilapho isithandwa sayo sasineminyaka engu-16. Usokhemisi wahlangana nale ntombazane ngesikhathi "sangoLwesihlanu lwentsha" olulandelayo, aluhlela endlini yakhe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le mihlangano yangoLwesihlanu yayijwayele ukuhanjelwa ngosaziwayo abaningi, kufaka phakathi u-Ilya Repin, u-Arkhip Kuindzhi, u-Ivan Shishkin nabanye abantu bezamasiko.
UDmitry no-Anna babhalisa ngokomthetho ubudlelwano babo ngo-1881. Kulomshado babenentombazane, uLyubov, umfana, u-Ivan namawele, uVasily noMaria. Kanye nomkakhe wesibili, uMendeleev ekugcineni wafunda zonke izinjabulo zempilo yomshado.
Kamuva imbongi u-Alexander Blok yaba umkhwenyana kaMendeleev, owashada nendodakazi yakhe uLyubov.
Ukufa
Ebusika ngo-1907, ngesikhathi somhlangano webhizinisi noNgqongqoshe Wezezimboni, uDmitry Filosofov, uMendeleev wabanjwa umkhuhlane omubi. Ngokushesha umkhuhlane waba yinyumoniya, eyabangela ukufa kukasosayensi omkhulu waseRussia.
UDmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev ushone ngoJanuwari 20 (2 Febhuwari) 1907 eneminyaka engama-72.
Eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokushona kukasokhemisi, kuthebula lezinsuku kwavela into entsha enombolweni 101, eqanjwe ngaye - uMendelevium (Md).
