UGeorge Soros (okhona. Umsekeli wethiyori yomphakathi ovulekile, nomphikisi we- "izimiso eziyisisekelo zemakethe".
Umsunguli wenethiwekhi yamaphrojekthi esiza abizwa ngeSoros Foundation. Ilungu leKomidi eliPhethe le-International Crisis Group. Kusukela ngo-2019, ingcebo yakhe ilinganiselwa ku- $ 8.3 billion.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaSoros, esizokhuluma ngaye kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, nayi i-biography emfushane kaGeorge Soros.
ISoros biography
UGeorge Soros wazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1930 eBudapest. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wamaJuda. Uyise, uTivadar Schwartz, wayengummeli futhi eyisazi se-Esperanto, ulimi lwamazwe omhlaba olwenzelwe ukuxhumana. Umama, u-Elizabeth, wayeyindodakazi yomnikazi wesitolo sikasilika.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Inhloko yomndeni ibibambe iqhaza eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala (1914-1918), ngemuva kwalokho yathunjwa futhi yathunyelwa eSiberia. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ekuthunjweni wakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya.
Njengoba abhekane nobunzima obuningi empilweni yakhe, uSoros Sr. wafundisa indodana yakhe ukuthi iphile kulo mhlaba. Umama wakhe wafaka nothando lobuciko kuGeorge. Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, umfana wayekuthanda ikakhulukazi ukudweba nokudweba.
USoros ukhombise amakhono olimi amahle, azi kahle isiNgisi, isiJalimane nesiFulentshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba nentshisekelo yokubhukuda, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kanye nethenisi. Ngokusho kwalabo afunda nabo, uGeorge ubephawuleka ngokuzidla kwakhe futhi ethanda ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini.
Lapho umxhasi wesikhathi esizayo eseneminyaka engaba ngu-9 ubudala, kwaqala iMpi Yezwe Yesibili (1939-1945). Njengoba yena nezihlobo zakhe babengamaJuda, besaba ukuwela ezandleni zamaNazi, ayenenzondo ethile ngalaba bantu. Ngalesi sizathu, umndeni wawunovalo njalo, ucashe ngokushushiswa endaweni ethile noma kwenye.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ubaba kaSoros wayebandakanyeka ekubumbeni imibhalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, wakwazi ukusindisa izihlobo namanye amaJuda ekufeni okuthile. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, le nsizwa yaqhubeka nezifundo zayo esikoleni, kepha izinkumbulo zezinto ezimbi zaseNazism azimnikanga ukuphumula.
Ngo-1947, uGeorge unquma ukushiya eNtshonalanga. Uqale waya eSwitzerland, lapho asheshe wathuthela eLondon. Lapha wenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi: wayesebenza njengoweta, wakha ama-apula futhi wasebenza njengomdwebi.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uSoros wangena eLondon School of Economics and Political Science, lapho afunda khona iminyaka emithathu. Ukuba nguchwepheshe oqinisekisiwe, ekuqaleni akakwazanga ukuthola umsebenzi ofanele, ngenxa yalokho wasebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-3 njengomlondolozi echibini, futhi njengomphathi wesango esiteshini.
Kamuva, uGeorge wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi wasebhange. Ngo-1956, lo mfana wanquma ukuya eNew York eyofuna impilo engcono.
Ibhizinisi
USoros waqala umsebenzi wakhe eNew York ngokuthenga ukuphepha ezweni elilodwa futhi wakuthengisa kwelinye. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi kwethulwa enye intela yotshalo-mali lwangaphandle e-United States, walishiya ibhizinisi, ngenxa yokuba yize kwalo.
Eminyakeni elandelayo yomlando wakhe, uGeorge Soros wahola inkampani yezentengiselwano yocwaningo i-Arnhold noS. Bleichroeder. Ngo-1969 wathatha i-Double Eagle Foundation, okwakungeyenkampani.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-4, le ndoda yanquma ukuyeka umsebenzi wayo wokuba yimenenja. Ngemuva kwalokho, yena noJim Rogers bavule isikhwama somuntu esibizwa ngeQuantum.
I-Quantum yenze ukuthengiselana okucatshangelwayo kumasheya nakwezimali, kwafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu kule ndawo. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi abalingani abakaze balahlekelwe, futhi ingcebo kaSoros yafinyelela kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyikhulu ngonyaka ka-1980!
Yize kunjalo, phakathi noMsombuluko omnyama ngo-1987, lapho kwaba khona enye yezingozi ezinkulu emakethe yamasheya emlandweni wezwe, uGeorge wanquma ukuvala izikhundla zakhe angene emalini. Ngemuva kwezenzo ezinjalo ezingaphumelelanga zesimali, isikhwama sakhe saqala ukusebenza ngokulahlekelwa.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uSoros waqala ukusebenzisana nomtshalizimali ohlonishwayo uStanley Druckenmiller. Ngenxa yemizamo yokugcina, wakwazi ukwandisa inhlokodolobha yakhe.
Usuku olwehlukile ku-biography kaGeorge Soros kwakunguSepthemba 16, 1992, lapho iphawundi laseBrithani liwa ngemuva komaki waseJalimane. Ngosuku olulodwa, wakhulisa inhlokodolobha yakhe ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-! Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abaningi babiza uSoros ngecala ekuweni.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90, umxhasi wezimali waqala ukubambisana no-oligarch waseRussia uVladimir Potanin. Ngokubambisana, amadoda athenge ama-25% ezokuphepha zakwaSvyazinvest, okubabize ama- $ 1.8 billion! Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwenhlekelele yango-1998, amasheya abo ehle inani cishe ngezikhathi ezi-2.
Ngemuva kwalesi sigameko, uGeorge Soros wabiza lokhu kuthola njengotshalomali olubi kakhulu empilweni. Ngo-2011, uSoros wamemezela esidlangalaleni ukuthi isikhwama sakhe sokutshala imali sizoyeka ukusebenza. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, waqala ukuzibandakanya ekwandiseni imali yakhe siqu.
Isikhwama
IGeorge Soros Foundation, ebizwa nge-Open Society, yasungulwa ngo-1979 ngamagatsha asebenza emazweni amaningi ahlukene. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi isisekelo sakhe seSoviet-American Cultural Initiative sasisebenza e-USSR.
Le nhlangano ibibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isiko, isayensi nemfundo, kepha yavalwa ngenxa yenkohlakalo enkulu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, iSoros Foundation yabeka imali elinganiselwa ezigidini eziyikhulu zamaRandi kuphrojekthi yaseRussia "iZikhungo ze-Intanethi zeYunivesithi", lapho izikhungo ze-Intanethi zaqaliswa ezikhungweni eziningi zemfundo.
Kamuva, inhlangano yaqala ukushicilela umagazini owenzelwe abafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaqala ukushicilelwa izincwadi zomlando, ezabhekana nokugxekwa okunzima ngokuhlanekezela amaqiniso omlando.
Ekupheleni kuka-2003, uGeorge Soros wayeka ukunikeza usizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo eRussia, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, i-Open Society yayeka ukukhipha izibonelelo.
Ku-2015, iSoros Foundation yamenyezelwa "njengenhlangano engathandeki" eRussia Federation, ngenxa yalokho umsebenzi wayo wavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, iningi lamaphrojekthi wosizo lwezigidigidi aqhubeka nokusebenza ezweni namuhla.
Isimo
Ekuqaleni kuka-2018, ingcebo kaSoros yayilinganiselwa kuma- $ 8 billion, ngenkathi enikela ngaphezu kuka- $ 32 billion kusisekelo sakhe somusa.
Abanye ochwepheshe bachaza uGeorge njengomprofethi wezezimali onesiphiwo, kanti abanye bathi impumelelo yakhe itholwe yimininingwane yangaphakathi ehlukanisiwe.
USoros ungumbhali wethiyori yokubonakaliswa kwezimakethe zamasheya, okusolwa ukuthi wakwazi ukufeza ukuphakama okunjalo emkhakheni wezezimali. Eminyakeni eminingi yobuciko bakhe, wabhala imisebenzi eminingi kwezomnotho, ukuhweba ngamasheya kanye ne-geopolitics.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala walo usozigidi kwakungu-Ennalisa Whitshack, ahlala naye iminyaka engama-23. Ngemuva kwalokho, uSoros washada nomgxeki wobuciko uSusan Weber. Lo mshado uthathe cishe iminyaka engama-22.
Ngemuva kwesahlukaniso esivela ku-Weber, le ndoda yaqala ukuthandana nomlingisi wethelevishini u-Adriana Ferreira, kepha lolu daba aluzange lufike emshadweni. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngemuva kokwehlukana, u-Adriana wamfaka enkantolo, efuna isinxephezelo sokuhlukumeza nokulimaza isimilo.
Ku-2013, uGeorge wehla ephasishini okwesithathu noTamiko Bolton oneminyaka engama-42. Kusukela emishadweni yokuqala emibili, umnikazi wezimali wayenendodakazi, u-Andrea namadodana amane: u-Alexander, Jonathan, uGregory noRobert.
UGeorge Soros namuhla
Ku-2018, uhulumeni waseHungary wagunyaza umthethosivivinywa iStop Soros, okusho ukuthi noma yisiphi isikhwama esisiza abokufika sikhokhiswa intela kuma-25%. Ngenxa yalokhu, iCentral European University eyasungulwa nguSoros kwadingeka ithuthe ingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yayo iye e-Austria engomakhelwane.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane yango-2019, usozigidi wanikela ngemali engaba ngu- $ 32 billion.Lendoda inentshisekelo kwezepolitiki zomhlaba futhi iyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni ezisiza umphakathi, okudala imibono eyahlukahlukene kochwepheshe abaningi.
Izithombe zeSoros
