Ubulembu baziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngisho noTheophrastus omkhulu, othathwa ngokuthi "nguyise wezitshalo", uchaze izinhlobo ezimbili zocelemba - i-rochella futhi unesikhathi. Kakade kuleyo minyaka, babekhuthele esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa odayi nezinto ezinamakha. Kuliqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi, ubulembu bebuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubulembu, noma ulwelwe, noma "isiphithiphithi semvelo."
Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhathi eside, ososayensi kwadingeka bahlukanise ubulembu njengezitshalo eziphansi, futhi muva nje sebebekwe njengohlobo olwehlukile, manje eselinabameleli abehlukene abangaphezu kwama-25840. Isibalo esiqondile salezi zinhlobo njengamanje asaziwa, kepha ziyanda izinhlobo ezintsha ezivelayo minyaka yonke.
Ososayensi benza ucwaningo ngobulembu, futhi bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi uhlaza olunjalo luyakwazi ukuhlala kuzo zombili izindawo ezine-acid ne-alkaline. Okubaluleke kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi onondweba bangaphila izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-15 ngaphandle komoya nangaphandle komoya wethu.
1. Zonke izinhlobo zobulembu ngamakholoni afanelana no-algae, isikhunta kanye ne-cyanobacteria.
2. Ama-lichen atholakala ezimweni zelebhu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, mane uwele uhlobo olufanele lwesikhunta ngamagciwane kanye nolwelwe.
3. Igama elithi "lichen" lingenxa yokufana okubonwayo kwalezi zinto ekuphazamisekeni kwesikhumba okubizwa nge- "lichen".
4. Izinga lokukhula kohlobo ngalunye lwe-lichen lincane: ngaphansi kuka-1 cm ngonyaka. Lezo lichens ezikhula ezindaweni ezibandayo akuvamile ukuthi zikhule ngaphezu kuka-3-5 mm ngonyaka.
5. Ezinhlotsheni ezidume kakhulu zamakhowe, ubulembu bakheka cishe ngamaphesenti angama-20. Isibalo se-algae esivulwa kabusha ulele sincane kakhulu. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yabo bonke ubulembu ekubunjweni kwabo bane-alga trebuxia eluhlaza okwe-cellular.
6. Ama-lichen amaningi aba ukudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi enyakatho.
7. Ondlebende bayakwazi ukuwela endaweni engenampilo ngaphandle kwamanzi, kodwa lapho bethola amanzi, baqala ukusebenza futhi. Izimo zithathwa njengezaziwa lapho izimila ezinjalo ziphila khona ngemuva kokungasebenzi iminyaka engama-42.
8. Njengoba yasungulwa ngo-paleontologists, ubulembu bavela kwiplanethi yethu kudala ngaphambi kokuba khona kwama-dinosaurs okuqala. Insalela endala yalolu hlobo yayineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-415 ubudala.
9. Izintethe zikhula ngesivinini esincane, kodwa ziphila isikhathi eside. Bayakwazi ukuphila amakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinkulungwane zeminyaka. I-lichen ingenye yezinto eziphilayo isikhathi eside.
10. Ama-lichen awanazimpande, kodwa anamathele ngokwanele kwi-substrate ngamabibi akhethekile atholakala ezansi kwe-thallus.
11. Ama-lichen abhekwa njengezinto ze-bioindicator. Zikhula kuphela ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke ngeke uhlangane nazo ezindaweni ezinkulu ezinkulu kanye nasezimbonini.
12. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zobulembu ezisetshenziswa njengodayi.
13. Ukuhlonipha uMongameli wase-44 wase-US u-Barack Obama, kwaqanjwa uhlobo olusha lwe-lichen. Kutholakale ku-2007 ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo lwesayensi eCalifornia. Kwakuwuhlobo lokuqala lwezimila emhlabeni ukuqanjwa ngomongameli.
14. Ososayensi bakwazile ukufakazela ukuthi ubulembu buqukethe ama-amino acid abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu.
15. Izindlela zokwelapha ubulembu bezaziwa kusukela endulo. Kakade eGrisi lasendulo, zazisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo zamaphaphu.
16. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo kwakudingeka basebenzise ubulembu ukugcwalisa izimbotshana zomzimba womama.
17. Kubo bonke ubulembu obukhula endaweni yesifundazwe sethu, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-40 zifakiwe kwiRed Book.
18. Izintethe zingabokuqala ukuhlala ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene bese ziqala ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, zivulela indlela lonke uhlaza.
19. I-photosynthesis ku-alpine lichen ayimi ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa lomoya lika -5 ° C, futhi izinsimbi ze-photosynthetic ze-thalli yazo eyomile zigcinwa ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ekushiseni okungu-100 ° C.
20. Ngohlobo lomsoco, ama-lichen abhekwa njenge-auto-heterotrophs. Bangakwazi kanyekanye ukugcina amandla elanga nokubola kwezimbiwa nezakhi zemvelo.
