Isisho esithi “Akekho umlingani wokunambitha nombala” siyisibonelo esijwayelekile sokuthi abantu bakha kafushane nangendlela enembile kanjani iposta, yokwakheka kososayensi abadinga inqwaba noma ngisho namakhulu amagama. Ngempela, umbono wombala ungowokuzithoba futhi uncike ezintweni eziningi, kuze kube semoyeni womuntu. Hhayi abantu abahlukene kuphela abangabona umbala ofanayo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngisho nombono wombala womuntu ofanayo ungashintsha. Ubude bokukhanya bunenhloso futhi bulinganiswa. Umbono wokukhanya awunakulinganiswa.
Kunemibala eminingi nemithunzi emvelweni, futhi ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi, i-electronics, i-chemistry kanye ne-optics, inani labo selicishe lingapheli. Kodwa-ke, kuphela abaklami nabathengisi abadinga lokhu kuhlukahluka. Iningi labantu linolwazi olwanele lwezimbali ezivela ekubalweni kwezingane mayelana nomzingeli kanye ne-pheasant, namagama we-shades ngaphezulu. Futhi nakulolu hlu oluncane kakhulu, ungathola izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo.
1. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izilimi ezazikhona ezigabeni zokuqala zentuthuko, kwakukhona amagama amabili kuphela emibala. Ngokukhulumisanayo, lawa kwakungamazwi athi "mnyama" kanye "nomhlophe". Kwabe sekuqokwa amagama, aqukethe amagama amabili ahambisa imibala. Amagama abonisa imibala avele sekwephuze kakhulu, asevele esesigabeni sokuba khona kokubhala. Kwesinye isikhathi kudida abahumushi bemibhalo yakudala - kwesinye isikhathi igama lingasho imibala emibili noma ngaphezulu, futhi umongo awusivumeli ukuthi siqonde ukuthi yimuphi umbala okuxoxwa ngawo.
2. Kuyaziwa kahle ukuthi ezilimini zabantu basenyakatho kunamagama ahlukene ezithunzi ezimhlophe noma amagama ombala weqhwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kunenqwaba yamagama anjalo. Futhi isazi esidumile samasiko eRussia uVladimir Bogoraz, emuva ngekhulu le-19, wachaza inqubo yokuhlunga izikhumba zezinyamazane ngombala awubonayo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ulwazimagama lososayensi belungaqukethe amagama achaza ukuguqulwa kombala kusuka ekukhanyeni kuye kokumnyama (akakwazanga ngisho nokuqaphela umehluko njalo). Futhi i-sorter yaqamba kalula amagama angaphezu kwama-20 ngemibala yezikhumba.
Ama-Deer shades
3. Ngolimi lwabomdabu base-Australia, futhi manje sekusele amagama omnyama nomhlophe kuphela. Eminye imibala iyakhombisa, engeza amagama amaminerali aziwa kwabomdabu, kepha awekho amaminerali avamile, wonke umuntu angasebenzisa igama lanoma iliphi itshe elifana nombala.
Kubukeka sengathi abomdabu abahlupheki kakhulu ngenxa yokuncipha kwesilulumagama sombala.
4. Kuze kube muva nje, ulimi lwaseRussia alukwazanga ukuziqhayisa ngobuningi bezichasiso ezichaza imibala. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-17, inani labo alizange leqe ama-20. Kwabe sekuqala ukubambisana namazwe aseYurophu. Abezizwe bokuqala bavela eRussia, babebaningi ngokwengeziwe. Ukuhlanya kwezicukuthwane zolimi lwesiFulentshi nakho kudlale indima. Isibalo sesichasiso esichaza umbala sidlule ku-100. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwakudingeka khona ukuchaza umbala ngokunembile nangokucacile kuwo wonke umuntu, ngokwesibonelo, kwibhodani, kwasetshenziswa inani elilinganiselwe lamagama ayisisekelo. Ngokuvamile kwakuno-12-13 wazo.Manje kukholakala ukuthi umuntu ojwayelekile wazi izichasiso "zombala" ezingafika kuma-40, futhi zingaphansi kwezingu-100 zazo.
5. Umbala onsomi wawuthathwa njengowokuhlonishwa futhi nowasebukhosini hhayi ngenxa yobuhle bawo obukhethekile - nje udayi wawubiza kakhulu. Ukuze uthole igremu ledayi, kwakudingeka ukubamba nokucubungula ama-mollusk akhethekile afinyelela ku-10 000. Ngakho-ke, noma yini yengubo edayiwe ngokunsomi ikhombisa ngokuzenzekelayo ingcebo nesimo somnikazi wayo. U-Alexander Omkhulu, ehlula amaPheresiya, wathola amathani amaningi odaywevu onsomi njengokuphangwa.
Uphephuli ngokushesha ukhombisa ukuthi ngubani
6. Ngokuya kocwaningo lwamagama emikhiqizo nezindatshana ezithandwayo, izakhamuzi zaseRussia zizimisele kakhulu ukuthenga izimpahla ngegama elithi "igolide" egameni. Okulandelayo ekuthandeni izinkomba ezibomvu, ezimhlophe nezimnyama. Ohlwini lwemibala engathandwa, ngasizathu simbe, i-emerald ihlala ngokumpunga nomthofu.
7. Cishe bonke abantu bahlobanisa umbala omnyama nento embi. AbaseGibhithe lasendulo babonakala bephela ngaphandle. Ngokuvamile babephatha ukufa ngokwefilosofi, bekholelwa ekuphileni okuphakade. Ngakho-ke, umnyama ubuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu yezimonyo kubo, kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
8. Umbono ohlangene kakhulu wombala wakhiwa ngu-Aristotle. Lo mcabangi wasendulo ongumGreki upende imibala hhayi nge-spectrum kuphela, kepha nangamandla. Imibala ebomvu nephuzi ifanekisela ukuhamba okusuka ebumnyameni (mnyama) kuya ekukhanyeni (okumhlophe). Okuhlaza kusho ukulingana kokukhanya nobumnyama, kanti okwesibhakabhaka kuvame ukuba mnyama kakhulu.
U-Aristotle
9. ERoma lasendulo, imibala yayihlukaniswa kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ubudoda, noma yini amaRoma ayekuqonda ngalokhu, kwakufanekiselwa okubomvu, okumhlophe nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Abesifazane bathola opende, ngokombono wabo, abangahehi: onsundu, owolintshi, oluhlaza nokuphuzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanganisela yemibala yayivunyelwe impela: i-togas ensundu yamadoda noma izembatho ezimhlophe zezingubo zokugqoka.
10. Izazi zamakhemikhali zangeNkathi Ephakathi zazinombono wazo wokukhanya. Kunemibala emithathu eyinhloko, ngokusho kwalo mbono: omnyama, omhlophe nobomvu. Yonke eminye imibala iphakathi nendawo ekuguqulweni kombala omnyama nomhlophe nomhlophe ubomvu. Okumnyama kufanekisela ukufa, impilo emhlophe - entsha, obomvu - ukuvuthwa kwempilo entsha nokulungela kwayo ukuguqula indawo yonke.
11. Ekuqaleni igama elithi "Blue Stocking" lalibhekisa emadodeni, ngokunembile, endodeni eyodwa egama linguBenjamin Stillingfleet. Le ndoda enamakhono amaningi ibijwayelekile kwelinye lamasalon aseLondon e-18th futhi yayithanda ukukhuluma ngesayensi, izincwadi noma ubuciko ngamathoni aphezulu. I-Stillingfleet igqoke kuphela amasokisi amnyama okwesibhakabhaka ngesizathu sodwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abebekhuluma naye baqala ukubiza i- "Circle of Blue Stockings." Futhi kuphela ngekhulu le-19, "amasokisi amnyama" aqala ukubizwa ngabesifazane abakhathalela kakhulu ukukhula kwengqondo kunokubukeka.
Iqhawekazi lika-Alice Freundlich ku- "Office Romance" liyi "Blue Stocking" ejwayelekile
12. Umbono wemibala ngeso lomuntu, njengoba sekushiwo, ungowokuzithoba. UJohn Dalton, okuqanjwe ngaye ubumpumputhe bombala, wayengazi aze afike eminyakeni engama-26 ukuthi akaboni kubomvu. Okubomvu kuye kwakuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuphela lapho uDalton eba nentshisekelo nge-botany futhi wabona ukuthi ezinye izimbali zinemibala ehlukene ekukhanyeni kwelanga nokukhanya okufakelwayo, wabona ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngamehlo akhe. Ezinganeni ezinhlanu emndenini waseDalton, ezintathu zahlushwa ubumpumputhe bombala. Ngemuva kokucwaninga ngokucophelela, kwavela ukuthi ngobumpumputhe bombala, iso alithathi amaza okukhanya wobude obuthile.
UJohn Dalton
13. Isikhumba esimhlophe kwesinye isikhathi singabeka impilo engcupheni ngokweqile. ETanzania (izwe eliseMpumalanga ye-Afrika) kuzalwa inani elingalingani lama-albino - kunezikhathi eziphindwe ka-15 ngaphezu kwesilinganiso eMhlabeni. Ngokwenkolelo yendawo, izingxenye zomzimba zama-albino zingaphilisa izifo, ngakho-ke kukhona ukuzingelwa kwangempela kwabantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe. Isimo sama-albino saba sibi kakhulu ngemuva kokuqala kwesifo sengculaza - amahemuhemu okuthi ucezu lwe-albino lungaqeda isifo esesabekayo kwavula ukuzingelwa kwangempela kwabamnyama abanebala elimhlophe.
14. "Intombi ebomvu", intombazane encane, engashadile, enamahloni, futhi ilantana elibomvu igama lendlu yokubekezelelana. "I-blue collar" iyisisebenzi, futhi "i-blue stocking" yintokazi efundile engenabo ubufazi. “Incwadi emnyama” ubuthakathi, kanti “incwadi emnyama” izibalo. Ijuba elimhlophe liwuphawu lokuthula, kanti ifulegi elimhlophe liwuphawu lokuzinikela. ERussia, kuze kube ngu-1917, yayalelwa ukuba ipende izakhiwo zombuso ngombala ophuzi, futhi ikhiphe “amathikithi aphuzi” kubaqwayizi.
15. "UMsombuluko omnyama" kuwukuphahlazeka kwemakethe yamasheya e-USA (1987) nokungahambi kahle eRussia (1998). "ULwesibili Omnyama" usuku lokuqala kokucindezeleka okukhulu (1929). "NgoLwesithathu Olumnyama" - usuku lapho uGeorge Soros ewa khona iphawundi elikhulukazi, wahola u- $ 1.5 billion ngosuku (1987). “UMnyama uLwesine” wusuku lapho amasosha aseSoviet esibhakabhakeni saseKorea adubula phansi izindiza eziyi-12 kwezingu-21 ze-B-29 ezazithathwa njengezingenakuhlaselwa. "Izinqaba Zindiza Ezindiza" eziyi-9 ezisele zalimala (1951). I- "Black Friday" usuku lokuqala kokuthengisa ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimusi. "UMgqibelo Omnyama" - isigaba esibucayi kunazo zonke senkinga yemicibisholo yaseCuba, umhlaba bekungamaminithi ambalwa kusuka empini yenuzi (1962). Kepha i- "Black Sunday" imane nje iyinoveli kaThomas Harris nefilimu esekwe kuyo.
