U-Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (nee I-Kataev) (1903-1987) - Isazi sezibalo saseRussia naseSoviet, esinye sezazi zezibalo ezinkulu kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20. Omunye wabasunguli bemfundiso yesimanje yamathuba.
UKolmogorov ukwazile ukufeza imiphumela emnandi ku-geometry, topology, mechanics nasezindaweni eziningi zezibalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungumbhali wemisebenzi eqopha umlando kumlando, ifilosofi, indlela yokusebenza kanye ne-physics yezibalo.
Ku-biography ka-Andrei Kolmogorov, kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo, esizokutshela ngawo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho umlando omfushane ka-Andrei Kolmogorov.
Biography Andrey Kolmogorov
U-Andrey Kolmogorov wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 12 (25), 1903 eTambov. Unina, uMaria Kolmogorova, ushone ebeletha.
Ubaba wesazi sezibalo esizayo, uNikolai Kataev, wayengumbhali wezolimo namahlathi. Wayengomunye wabavukeli be-Right Social, okwabangela ukuthi kamuva adingiselwe esifundazweni saseYaroslavl, lapho ahlangana khona nowayezoba ngumkakhe.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngemuva kokushona kukanina, u-Andrei wakhuliswa ngodadewabo. Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, wamukelwa nguVera Kolmogorova, omunye wababekazi bakamama.
Uyise ka-Andrei wabulawa ngo-1919 ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kukaDenikin. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umfowabo kayise, u-Ivan Kataev, wayengumlando-mlando odumile owashicilela incwadi ngomlando waseRussia. Izingane zesikole zifunde umlando zisebenzisa le ncwadi isikhathi eside.
Ngo-1910, u-Andrey oneminyaka engu-7 ubudala waba umfundi wesikole esizimele saseMoscow. Ngaleso sikhathi se-biography yakhe, waqala ukukhombisa amakhono wezibalo.
UKolmogorov wasungula izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zezibalo, futhi wakhombisa intshisekelo kwezenhlalo nakwezomlando.
Lapho u-Andrey eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, wangena eMnyangweni Wezibalo WaseMoscow University. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokungena enyuvesi, wakwazi ukuphumelela ngempumelelo izivivinyo zaso sonke isifundo.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokufunda, uKolmogorov wathola ilungelo lokuthola isinkwa esingu-16 kg no-1 kg webhotela ngenyanga. Ngaleso sikhathi, lokhu kwakungukunethezeka okungakaze kubonwe.
Ngenxa yenala yokudla, u-Andrey waba nesikhathi esengeziwe sokufunda.
Umsebenzi weSayensi
Ngo-1921, kwenzeka isenzakalo esibalulekile ku-biography ka-Andrei Kolmogorov. Wakwazi ukuphikisa esinye sezitatimende zesazi sezibalo saseSoviet uNikolai Luzin, asisebenzisa ukufakazela umbono kaCauchy.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Andrei wenza ukutholakala emkhakheni wochungechunge lwe-trigonometric nasethiyori echazayo echazayo. Ngenxa yalokho, uLuzin wamemela umfundi eLusitania, isikole sezibalo esasungulwa nguLuzin uqobo.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, uKolmogorov wakha isibonelo sochungechunge lwe-Fourier olwehlukanisa cishe yonke indawo. Lo msebenzi waba umuzwa wangempela kuwo wonke umhlaba wesayensi. Ngenxa yalokho, igama lesazi sezibalo esineminyaka engu-19 lathola udumo emhlabeni wonke.
Kungekudala, u-Andrei Kolmogorov waba nentshisekelo enkulu kumqondo wezibalo. Ukwazile ukufakazela ukuthi yonke imisho eyaziwayo yomqondo osemthethweni, nencazelo ethile, iphenduka imisho yomqondo wokuqonda.
Khona-ke uKolmogorov waba nesithakazelo emcabangweni wamathuba, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umthetho wezinombolo ezinkulu. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, imibuzo yokuqinisekiswa komthetho ijabulise izingqondo zezazi zezibalo ezinkulu zangaleso sikhathi.
Ngo-1928 u-Andrey waphumelela ekuchazeni nasekufakazeleni izimo zomthetho wezinombolo ezinkulu.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, usosayensi osemusha wathunyelwa eFrance naseJalimane, lapho ayenethuba lokuhlangana khona nezibalo ezihola phambili.
Ebuyela ezweni lakubo, uKolmogorov waqala ukutadisha ngokujulile i-topology. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe, wayenentshisekelo enkulu kakhulu emcabangweni wamathuba.
Ngo-1931, u-Andrei Nikolaevich waqokwa njengoprofesa eMoscow State University, futhi eminyakeni emine kamuva waba udokotela wesayensi yomzimba neyezibalo.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uKolmogorov wasebenza ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwe-Big and Small Encyclopedias Soviet. Ngalesi sikhathi se-biography yakhe, wabhala izindatshana eziningi ngezibalo, futhi wahlela nezindatshana zabanye ababhali.
Ngobusuku bangaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II (1941-1945), u-Andrei Kolmogorov waklonyeliswa nge-Stalin Prize ngomsebenzi wakhe ngombono wezinombolo ezingahleliwe.
Ngemuva kwempi, usosayensi waba nesithakazelo ezinkingeni zeziyaluyalu. Ngokushesha, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, i-laboratory ekhethekile yesiyaluyalu somkhathi yadalwa eGeophysical Institute.
Kamuva uKolmogorov, kanye noSergei Fomin, bashicilela incwadi Elements of Theory of Functions and Functional Analysis. Le ncwadi yaduma kakhulu yaze yahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi.
Khona-ke u-Andrey Nikolaevich wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imishini yasezulwini, izinhlelo ezinamandla, inkolelo yamathuba wezinto zokwakha kanye ne-theory of algorithms.
Ngo-1954 uKolmogorov wenza isethulo eNetherlands ngesihloko esithi "Umbono ojwayelekile wezinhlelo ezinamandla nemishini yakudala". Ukusebenza kwakhe kwamukelwa njengomcimbi womhlaba jikelele.
Emcabangweni wezinhlelo ezinamandla, isazi sezibalo sakha i-theorem ku-tori engaguquki, kamuva eyenziwa yenziwa ngu-Arnold noMoser. Ngakho-ke, kwavela umbono kaKolmogorov-Arnold-Moser.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1942, uKolmogorov washada no-Anna Egorova. Lo mbhangqwana wahlala ndawonye iminyaka engu-45 ende.
U-Andrei Nikolaevich wayengenazo izingane zakhe. Umndeni wakwaKolmogorov wakhulisa indodana ka-Egorova, u-Oleg Ivashev-Musatov. Ngokuzayo, umfana uzolandela ezinyathelweni zikayise wakhe futhi abe yisazi sezibalo esidumile.
Abanye ababhali bezinto eziphilayo baseKolmogorov bakholelwa ukuthi wayenokuthambekela okungajwayelekile. Kubikwa ukuthi kuthiwa ubenobudlelwano bezocansi noprofesa waseMoscow State University uPavel Alexandrov.
Ukufa
Kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe Kolmogorov wasebenza eyunivesithi. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, wahlushwa yisifo sikaParkinson, esasikhula njalo ngonyaka.
U-Andrei Nikolaevich Kolmogorov ushone ngo-Okthoba 20, 1987 eMoscow, eneminyaka engu-84.
Isithombe ngu-Andrey Kolmogorov
