Izingwenya zanamuhla zibhekwa njengezinye zezinhlobo zezilwane ezindala kunazo zonke - okhokho bazo bavela okungenani eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-80 edlule. Futhi yize ekubukekeni kwazo izingwenya zifana nezibankwakazi nezinye izilwane ezingasekho, ngokombono webhayoloji, izinyoni zisondele kakhulu ezingwenya. Ukuthi okhokho bezinyoni, sebephumile emhlabeni, bahlala lapho, kwathi kamuva bafunda ukundiza, kanti okhokho bezingwenya babuyela emanzini.
"Ingwenya" igama elejwayelekile. Le yindlela izingwenya, izingulube, nama-gharial avame ukubizwa ngayo. Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwabo, kodwa akubalulekanga kangako - kuma-gavials, isifonyo sincane, side futhi siphela ngohlobo lwe-knobling knob. Kuma-alligator, umlomo, ngokungafani nezingwenya nama-gavial, uvala ngokuphelele.
Kunesikhathi lapho izingwenya zazisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ukubuyisa isibalo sabo, izingwenya zaqala ukuzalwa emapulazini akhethekile, futhi kancane kancane ingozi yokuqothulwa okwasongela loluhlobo lwanyamalala. E-Australia, izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziye zafuya nhlobo ukuze zibe yingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni.
Muva nje, abantu baqale ukugcina izingwenya njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Leli akulona ibhizinisi elishibhile (ingwenya kuphela uqobo ibiza okungenani ama- $ 1,000, futhi udinga namakamelo, amanzi, ukudla, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nokunye okuningi) futhi akuzuzisi kakhulu - izingwenya cishe akunakwenzeka ukuziqeqesha, futhi nakanjani awukwazi ukulinda isisa noma uthando oluvela kubo ... Kodwa-ke, isidingo sezingwenya ezifuywayo siyakhula. Nawa amanye amaqiniso akusiza ukuthi wazi kangcono lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo.
1. EGibhithe lasendulo, inkolo yangempela yengwenya yabusa. Unkulunkulu omkhulu wengwenya kwakunguSebek. Izinkomba ezibhaliwe nazo zatholakala ngaye, kepha kaningi uSebek angabonakala emidwebeni eminingi. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa omunye wemisele endaweni yase-Aswan ngawo-1960, kwatholakala amanxiwa ethempeli laseSebek. Kwakunezindawo zokugcina ingwenya, eziqokwe unkulunkulu, kanye nokuhlala kwezihlobo zakhe. Kutholakale i-incubator ephelele enezinsalela zamaqanda, futhi kufana nenkulisa - inqwaba yamachibi amancane ezingwenya. Ngokuvamile, imininingwane yamaGrikhi asendulo mayelana nokuhlonishwa okungaphezulu okunikezwe abaseGibhithe izingwenya kwaqinisekiswa. Kamuva kwatholakala nokungcwatshwa kwezidumbu eziyizinkulungwane. Ekuqaleni, ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ngemuva kwendwangu kamama, lapho ikhanda lengwenya liphuma khona, kukhona umzimba womuntu, njengasemidwebeni eminingi esindile. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuhlaziywa kwamagnetic resonance kwezidumbu, kwavela ukuthi emngcwabeni kwatholakala izidumbu ezigcwele zezingwenya. Sekukonke, ezindaweni ezine eGibhithe, kwatholakala imingcwabo lapho kwakukhona izidumbu ezingama-10 000 zezingwenya. Eminye yalezi zingqimba zezidumbu manje seyabonakala emnyuziyamu eKom Ombo.
2. Izingwenya ezisemanzini zidlala indawo yezimpisi ehlathini. Ngokufika kwezibhamu eziningi, zaqala ukuqothulwa ngezizathu zokuphepha, kwafika ngisho nesikhumba sengwenya. Futhi empeleni ishumi elilodwa noma amabili eminyaka kwakwanele ukuthi abadobi bangaqaphela: azikho izingwenya - azikho izinhlanzi. Okungenani ngezinga lokuhweba. Izingwenya zibulala futhi zidle, okokuqala, izinhlanzi ezigulayo, zivikela bonke abanye abantu emikhuhlaneni. Ukulawulwa kwenani labantu - izingwenya zihlala emanzini amakhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlanzi. Uma izingwenya zingayiqedi ingxenye yabantu, izinhlanzi ziqala ukufa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
3. Izingwenya ziyisibonelo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo okungalungile (uma kunjalo, kunesibonakaliso nhlobo). Okhokho babo basendulo baphuma emanzini baya emhlabathini, kodwa-ke kukhona okungahambanga kahle (mhlawumbe, ngenxa yokufudumala okulandelayo, kwakukhona amanzi amaningi eMhlabeni). Okhokho bezingwenya babuyela empilweni yasemanzini. Amathambo enkalakahla yawo ephezulu aseshintshile ukuze kuthi, lapho uphefumula, umoya udlule emakhaleni uqonde ngqo emaphashini, udlule umlomo, uvumele izingwenya ukuba zihlale ngaphansi kwamanzi, kushiye kuphela amakhala ngaphezulu kobuso. Kukhona nezimpawu eziningi ezisungulwe ekuhlaziyweni kokukhula kombungu wengwenya, okuqinisekisa ubunjalo obuguqukayo bokukhula kohlobo.
4. Ukwakheka kogebhezi kusiza ukuzingela izingwenya ngempumelelo. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zinemigodi ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Phezulu, zigcwele umoya. Uma udinga ukuntywila, ingwenya imhogela umoya ovela kulezi zikhala, umzimba uthola ukuqhuma okungalungile futhi buthule, ngaphandle kwesici se-splash sezinye izilwane, singena ngaphansi kwamanzi.
5. Izingwenya ziyizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, okungukuthi, ukugcina umsebenzi wazo obalulekile, azidingi kudla okungaka, ngenxa yokuthi ziyizidlova. Umbono mayelana nokuminza okungavamile kwezingwenya uvele ngenxa yesimo sokuzingela kwabo: umlomo omkhulu, amanzi abilayo, umzabalazo ophelelwe yithemba wesilwane esibanjiwe, ukuphonsa inhlanzi enkulu emoyeni neminye imiphumela ekhethekile. Kepha nezingwenya ezinkulu zingahamba zingadlile amasonto noma zaneliswe ngukudla okusele okufihliwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, balahlekelwa okubalulekile - kuze kube yingxenye yesithathu - yesisindo sabo, kepha bahlala bekhuthele futhi benamandla.
6. Abathandi bemvelo ngokujwayelekile nezingwenya ikakhulukazi bathanda ukumemezela ukuthi izingwenya azinabungozi kubantu uma kwenzeka ukuziphatha kahle kwalezi zakamuva. Lapha basondele ngandlela thile kubathandi bezinja, bazisa abantu abalunyiwe ukuthi izinja nje azibalumi abantu. Inani lokufa ezingozini zezimoto noma inani lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane nakho kuyizimpikiswano ezinhle ezengeziwe - izingwenya zidla abantu abambalwa. Eqinisweni, indoda yengwenya isisulu esihlwabusayo, okuthi, uma sisemanzini, singakwazi ukubhukuda sibaleke. Isibonelo, enye yezinhlobo ezincane zezingwenya, i-gavial, idume ngokuntengantenga kwayo emhlabeni. Noma kunjalo, i-gavial iphonsa kalula umzimba wayo wamamitha ayi-5 - 6 phambili, idilize isisulu ngokushaya komsila bese iqeda ukuzingela ngamazinyo abukhali.
7. NgoJanuwari 14, 1945, i-36 Indian Infantry Brigade yahlasela izikhundla zaseJapan eRamri Island ngasogwini lwaseBurma. AmaJapan, ashiye ngaphandle kwesembozo sezikhali, ngaphansi kwesembozo sasebusuku ahoxa futhi aphuma esiqhingini, ashiya amasosha angama-22 alimele nezikhulu ezi-3 kuso - bonke bengamavolontiya - njengabaqamekeli abangasasebenzi. Kwaphela izinsuku ezimbili abaseBrithani belingisa ukuhlaselwa kwezikhundla eziqiniswe kakhulu zezitha, futhi lapho bebona ukuthi bahlasela izikhundla zabafileyo, baqamba ngokuphuthuma inganekwane okwathi izingwenya zaseBurma ngaphandle kokulandela zadla abantu baseJapan abangaphezu kwenkulungwane ngezikhali nangezinhlamvu, bebalekela isitha esinamandla. Idili lezingwenya laze layongena eGuinness Book of Records, yize noma amanye amaBrithani aphilile engqondweni esabuza: ngabe izingwenya zadla kubani ngaphambi kwamaJapan kuRamri?
8. E-China, omunye wemifucumfucu yendawo yengwenya, i-alligator yaseChina, ivikelwe yi-International Red Book kanye nemithetho yendawo. Yize kunjalo, ngaphandle kwe-alamu yezemvelo (kushiye ama-alligator angaphansi kwama-200 emvelweni!), Inyama yalezi ezihuquzelayo isetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ezindaweni zokudla. AmaShayina athakazelisayo azalisa ama-alligator emapaki kazwelonke, bese ewathengisa njengezinkomo noma inzalo eyengeziwe. IRed Book ayizisizi lezo zingulube ezithi ngephutha, zilandela idada, zizulazule ensimini yelayisi. Isifiso sama-alligator sokuzingcwaba njalo emigodini ejulile asilimazi izitshalo kuphela, kodwa futhi namadamu amaningi, ngakho-ke abalimi baseChina abami emkhosini nabo.
9. Abukho ubufakazi obubhaliwe bokuba khona kwezingwenya ezinkulu ezinobude bomzimba obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10. Izindaba eziningi, izinganekwane kanye "nama-akhawunti ofakazi bokuzibonela" asuselwa kuphela ezindabeni zomlomo noma ezithombeni zekhwalithi engabazisayo. Lokhu, akusho, ukuthi izilo ezinjalo azihlali ndawana thile ehlane e-Indonesia noma eBrazil futhi azivumi ukuthi zikalwe. Kepha uma sikhuluma ngosayizi oqinisekisiwe, khona-ke abantu abakaziboni izingwenya isikhathi esingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-7.
10. Ukubukeka nokuma kwezingwenya kuxhashazwa kumafilimu amaningi wezinto. Lawa ikakhulukazi amafilimu asabisayo agijimayo anezihloko ezizichazayo ezifana ne-Eaten Alive, i-Alligator: Mutant, Bloody Surfing, noma Crocodile: Victim List. I-franchise ephelele yamafilimu ayisithupha iqoshelwe ngokususelwa kuLake Placid: Ichibi Lokwesaba. Le filimu, eyaqoshwa emuva ngo-1999, yaziwa nangemali encane yemidwebo yekhompyutha nemiphumela ekhethekile. Imodeli yengwenya ebulalayo yakhiwa ngosayizi ogcwele (ngokwesimo, kunjalo) futhi yafakwa injini yamahhashi angama-300.
11. Izwe laseMelika iFlorida liyipharadesi langempela hhayi nje labantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nezingwenya nezingwenya (lokhu, ngokusobala, ngokujwayelekile ukuphela kwendawo eMhlabeni lapho la madoda mahle ahlala khona eduze). Isimo sezulu esifudumele, umswakama, inqwaba yamachibi angajulile namaxhaphozi, ukudla okuningi ngesimo sezinhlanzi nezinyoni ... Ukuheha izivakashi eFlorida, kudalwe amapaki akhethekile amaningana, anikeza okuhehayo okuthakazelisayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi okuyingozi. Kwelinye lamapaki, ungondla ngisho nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulu ngenyama. Izivakashi ziyajabula, kepha kubantu bendawo izingulube ziyingozi yansuku zonke - akumnandi kakhulu ukuthola i-alligator yamamitha amabili ilele otshanini noma ibhukuda echibini. Awukho unyaka owodwa eFlorida odlula ngaphandle kokufa. Yize bethi izingulube zibulala abantu ukuvikela amaqanda abo kuphela, ukuhlaselwa kwabo minyaka yonke kudla izimpilo zabantu abayi-2-3.
12. Izingwenya ezinkulu kunazo zonke - lezo ezigwedlile - zinokuxhumana okuthuthuke kahle. Ukubheka nokuqoshwa komsindo kukhombisile ukuthi bashintshana okungenani ngamaqembu amane amasiginali. Izingwenya ezisanda kuchanyuselwa zikhombisa ukukhanya ngezwi elilodwa. Izingwenya ezisencane zicela usizo ngemisindo efana nokukhonkotha. Amabhasi amaduna amadala akhombisa umuntu angamazi ukuthi uzongena ngenkani endaweni yenye ingwenya. Ekugcineni, izingwenya zenza uhlobo olukhethekile lwemisindo, zisebenza ekwakheni inzalo.
13. Izingwenya zesifazane zizalela amaqanda ayishumi nambili, kodwa izinga lokusinda kwezingwenya liphansi kakhulu. Yize kukhona ubudlova nokungavikeleki kwezingwenya ezindala, amaqanda azo nezilwane ezisencane zihlala zizingelwa. Ukuhlaselwa yizinyoni, izimpisi, ukuqapha izibankwa, izingulube zasendle nezingulube kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yentsha iphila ebusheni. Futhi kulezo zingwenya ezikhule zaba yiminyaka eminingana yokuphila nobude obungu-1.5 m, cishe ama-5% akhula abe ngabantu abadala. Izingwenya azihlushwa yizifo eziwumashayabhuqe, kepha ikakhulukazi eminyakeni enomswakama nenomswakama, lapho amanzi egcwala izidleke nemigede eyembiwa ama-alligator, izidumbu zihlala zingenayo inzalo - umbungu wengwenya ufa ngokushesha okukhulu emanzini anosawoti, eqandeni nangemva kokuchanyuselwa kuwo.
14. Abantu base-Australia, njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, isipiliyoni asifundisi lutho. Ngemuva kwakho konke ukungqubuzana kwabo komzabalazo onogwaja, amakati, izintshe, izinja, abazivalanga emhlabeni wangaphakathi osakazekile. Ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaba ubuxakwe yisifiso sokusindisa ingwenya ehlanganisiwe ekubhujisweni, abase-Australia baphinde baba phambili kwabanye. Ensimini yezwekazi elincane kunazo zonke, inqwaba yamapulazi ezingwenya asunguliwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI, ingxenye yabantu emhlabeni wonke yezingwenya ezinosawoti yayihlala e-Australia - 200,000 kwabangama-400,000. Imiphumela ayizange ize isikhathi eside. Ekuqaleni imfuyo yaqala ukufa, yafika kubantu. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kwaholela ekushintsheni kwezwe, futhi izingwenya zaqala ukubaleka emapulazini zaya ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo lapho abantu babenebhadi lokuhlala khona. Manje uhulumeni wase-Australia uyanqikaza phakathi kokuvikela izilwane ezingenakuzisiza nokuvikela abantu, unquma ukuthi uyakuvumela yini ukuzingelwa kwezingwenya, noma konke ngandlela thile kuzozihambela ngokwakho.
15. Enhlekeleleni kaWilliam Shakespeare "Hamlet, iNkosana yaseDenmark", umlingiswa ophikisayo, ephikisana noLaertes ngothando, ubuza ngentshiseko kumphikisi wakhe ukuthi ukulungele yini ukudla ingwenya ngothando. Njengoba sazi, inyama yengwenya ingaphezu kokudliwayo, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwamaqiniso eNkathi Ephakathi, umbuzo kaHamlet uzwakala ungenangqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuza ngokushesha amaLaertes ukuthi ukulungele yini ukuphuza uviniga, okusobala ukuthi kuyingozi empilweni. Kodwa uShakespeare wayengenaphutha. Ngesikhathi sakhe, okungukuthi, eminyakeni engaba yikhulu kamuva kuneHamlet eqanjiwe, kwakukhona isithembiso esidumile phakathi kwabathandi - ukudla ingwenya eyayigcwele, ngaphambili yayintshontsha esitolo sikasokhemisi. Izilwane ezinjalo ezifakiwe efasiteleni zaziwuphawu lobuciko bemithi.
16. Kwamukelwa ngokujwayelekile ukuthi izingwenya azinazitha emvelweni, zihamba phambili ochungechungeni lokudla. Ngokombono wemibono yethu yokuthi izilwane zizingela kuphela ukudla, kunjalo. Kodwa izingwenya zinolaka, zizondwa ngokungenangqondo izindlovu nezimvubu. Ama-savanna amakhulu, uma enenhlanhla yokunquma ingwenya echibini futhi ayithole, ayinyathela ngokoqobo le reptile ibe ngothuli, kusele ibala nje legazi. Izimvubu kwesinye isikhathi zize ziziphonse emanzini, zivikela inyamazane noma esinye isilwane ekuhlaselweni yingwenya. Kodwa kwezinye izindawo zase-Afrika, izingwenya zaseNayile nezimvubu zizwana kahle ngisho nasechibini elifanayo.
17. Ingulube yaseChina yanyamalala eYangtze maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili - amaShayina ahlala ngokulingene nangokweqile ukuvumela "amadragoni omfula" ukuthi athwale izinhlanzi, izinyoni nemfuyo encane kubo. Amatshe esisu e-alligator, anenani njengezikhumbuzo, aseyigugu kakhulu. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziwangenisa la matshe ukuze zilawule ukulingana komzimba emanzini. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, amatshe ayapholishwa kuze kube sekugcineni kwesibuko. Itshe elinjalo elinombhalo obhaliwe, noma oqoshwe kangcono, noma inkondlo lithathwa njengesipho esihle. Amazinyo ama-alligator asetshenziselwa inhloso efanayo.
18. Izingwenya azinakho ukuvuvukala noma ukulimala ngisho noma zinamanxeba amabi kakhulu, futhi empeleni ngesikhathi sokukhwela zingachitha isikhathi esingangehora zisemanzini. Ngisho namaShayina asendulo aqagela ukuthi igazi lezingwenya linezinto ezithile ezikhethekile. Ngo-1998 kuphela, ososayensi base-Australia bakwazi ukuveza ukuthi igazi lezingwenya liqukethe amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokuphindwe kayizinkulungwane kunabalingani bawo abasegazini lomuntu. Ithemba lokuhlukanisa la ma-antibody futhi uwasebenzise ekwelapheni liyakhanga kakhulu, kepha kuzothatha amashumi eminyaka.
19. AmaShayina abiza ingqondo yengwenya ngokuthi "ihamba kancane" - izilwane ezinwabuzelayo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuziqeqesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhamizi ezisogwini lwemifula yoMbuso Wasezulwini zazigcina izingwenya njengonogada amakhulu eminyaka - eketangeni elingekude nasekhaya lazo. Lokho wukuthi, ezingeni eliphansi, ingwenya iyakwazi ukuqonda izinto ezilula kakhulu: ngemuva komsindo othile, izodliswa, asikho isidingo sokuthinta izingane ezincane nezilwane ezifuywayo eziwele ngokungazi. Imibukiso eminingi eThailand ikhombisa imikhomo engaqeqeshiwe, kepha izinsiza ezibukhoma. Izinga lokushisa echibini lehlile, kufake izingwenya esimweni sokuzela. Ingwenya ezolile iyakhethwa. "Umqeqeshi" uhlala ezithela ngamanzi echibini, kusale iphunga nje elijwayele ingwenya. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuvala umlomo wayo, ingwenya ikhipha ukuchofoza okuhlangene okuncane - umqeqeshi, lapho kukhona uhlelo lokuphendula, angaba nesikhathi sokukhipha ikhanda lakhe emlonyeni. Muva nje kuvele imibukiso ngezingwenya eRussia. Amalungu abo athi aqeqesha izingwenya ngendlela efanayo nezinye izilwane.
20. Ingwenya okuthiwa uSaturn ihlala e-Zoo yaseMoscow. Umlando wakhe wempilo kungenzeka ube yisiqephu senoveli noma i-movie. I-alligator yaseMississippi yazalelwa e-United States kwathi ngo-1936, njengomuntu omdala, yanikelwa eBerlin Zoo. Lapho kunamahlebezi okuthi ube yintandokazi ka-Adolf Hitler (uHitler wayithanda ngempela iZoo yaseBerlin, uSaturn wayehlala eBoo yaseBerlin - amaqiniso agcina lapho). Ngo-1945, i-zoo yaqhunyiswa ngamabhomu, futhi cishe zonke izakhamuzi zase-terrarium, inombolo yazo yayisondele ku-50, zafa. USaturn waba nenhlanhla ngokusinda. Umbutho wezempi waseBrithani wanikela ngama-alligator eSoviet Union.USaturn wafakwa eZoo yaseMoscow, futhi ngisho nangaleso sikhathi inganekwane kaHitler eyayihamba phambili yaphenduka yaba ngamatshe. Ngawo-1960, uSaturn wayenentombi yokuqala, naye owayengowaseMelika uShipka. Akunandaba ukuthi uSaturn noShipka basebenze kanzima kangakanani, abayitholanga inzalo - owesifazane wayeyinyumba. I-alligator yakhathazeka isikhathi eside ngemuva kokushona kwayo, futhi yaze yalamba isikhathi esithile. Wathola intombi entsha kuphela ngekhulu lama-21. Ngaphambi kokubonakala kwakhe, uSaturn wacishe wabulawa ngosilika owawa. Bamjikijela ngamatshe nangamabhodlela, amahlandla ambalwa odokotela bengakwazanga ukusindisa i-alligator. Futhi ngo-1990, uSaturn wenqaba ukuthuthela endaweni yezindiza entsha evulekile, waphinde wacishe wazilambisa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uSaturn usekhulile obonakalayo futhi uchitha cishe sonke isikhathi sakhe ebuthongweni noma ekuphaphameni okunganyakazi.
