I-Genetics yisayensi ethakazelisa kakhulu. Osolwazi abaningi nabaphenyi abasezingeni eliphansi bebelokhu bephakela abantu abajwayelekile izindaba zempumelelo yabo amashumi eminyaka. Bathola ngokungapheli, bacacise, badalule futhi baqonde izinto ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ezindabeni zofuzo, singafunda ukuthi amabhaktheriya anezakhi zofuzo zokumelana nama-antibiotic, kungani izibungu ezivela eBermuda zikhanya, ukuthi abantu base-Indochina baphindaphindeka futhi bahlangana kanjani endulo, futhi, ngisho, ingabe kungukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okulungile kodwa okungenakwenzeka kwemibungu yabantu. Azikho izixazululo ezibonakalayo empumelelweni yezazi zofuzo.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukuhlala kwizimvu ezakhiwe ngeDolly, ezaziwa kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi inkanyezi ye-pop. Akukona lokho kuphela, ngokusho okucacile komunye wabagxeki, inqubo efanayo yokuthola imvu entsha ngokuzibandakanya kwenqama ingathatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu futhi ibe ishibhile kakhulu kunokubamba iqhaza kososayensi. UDolly waphila uhhafu kuphela wesikhathi esabelwe izimvu - iminyaka engu-6 esikhundleni se-12 - 16 - futhi naye washona kungaziwa. Ngakho-ke, kwakuhlala iwundlu elidume kakhulu emhlabeni, lalibonwa ngoprofesa, kepha akwaziwa ukuthi kufeni. Umbuzo wokuthi kungani kwaqalwa ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi eside futhi okubizayo ususwa ngokushesha kungafaneleki - bakwenza lokho! Futhi kusukela lapho, izinja, amakati, namakamela, nezingwenya, nama-macaque sekuvele kwenziwe, Ngandlela thile isihloko sokwenza izinto kancane kancane saqala ukuntengantenga. Amakhophi ezilwane abengeke aphile ngenjabulo kuze kube manje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela ukuthi amakhophi awalungile - imvelo isathinta ...
Ezweni lethu, ufuzo lunomlando walo. Mayelana naye, bathi, ngaphansi kukaStalin bathi wayeyintombazane ekhohlakele ye-imperialism, futhi yonke i-genetics yabhujiswa kanye nezazi zofuzo. Eqinisweni, kwakukhona umzabalazo ojwayelekile wesayensi wokuxhaswa nokunakekelwa kweziphathimandla. Iqembu elilodwa lososayensi, eliholwa nguT. Lysenko, likhulume ngezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo, ukwanda kwesivuno, njll. Olunye uhlangothi lwalufuna ukuzibandakanya kwisayensi emsulwa, ngenkathi lungathembisi imiphumela esheshayo noma eminye imiphumela. Futhi abalwa nayo yonke i-genetics, kodwa ngeyodwa kuphela yamahlumela ayo, okuthiwa "i-Weismanism-Morganism". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Institute of Genetics, eyasungulwa ngo-1933, ayizange imise umsebenzi wayo. Kuyasebenza manje. Futhi uhlu lwempumelelo yezazi zofuzo zaseSoviet bese kuba yiRussia kufaka phakathi ukubhala incwadi kanye "nenani elikhulu lemisebenzi yesayensi". Isayensi ephakeme ayenzanga noma ngubani ajabule ngezinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo, noma ngezinhlobo ezintsha zezilwane. Uyaqhubeka nokuthola nokuthola. Ikakhulu, lokho:
1. Uma unenhlanhla yokubona uvemvane olunamaphethini ahluke ngokuphelele ezimpikweni zalo, yazi ukuthi luwuhlobo lwe-hermaphrodite. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kofuzo, uvemvane olunjalo lunezici zombili zowesifazane nowesilisa.
2. Ngo-1993, kwazalwa intombazane eMelika. Ingane yazalwa iphilile, kepha yakhula kancane. Ukuhlaziywa okuningi kukhombisile ukuthi izingxenye zokugcina zama-chromosomes emzimbeni wentombazane zifinyeziwe, okubavimbela ekuxhumaneni. Le ntombazane yaphila iminyaka engama-20. Isisindo sakhe esiphezulu sasingu-7.2 kg, iminyaka yakhe ilinganiselwa eminyakeni eyi-8 ngesimo samazinyo akhe, nasezinyangeni eziyi-11 ngokukhula kwakhe kwengqondo.
3. E-Taiwan ngo-2006, kwazalwa amantshontsho ezingulube, umzimba wawo wawukhanya ebumnyameni. Ososayensi baphumelele ukwethula umbungu wamaprotheni otholwe ku-jellyfish okhanyayo kwi-DNA yengulube. Amantshontsho ezingulube ayebukeka eluhlaza okotshani ngisho nasemini, kanti izitho zawo zangaphakathi zazibonakala ebumnyameni.
4. Abantu baseTibet bahlala ngokuthula endaweni ephakeme kangangoba abantu abangaqeqeshiwe basemathafeni bangaphila kumamaski womoya-mpilo kuphela. IHighlanders ine-allele yesakhi esandisa okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin egazini, ngakho-ke bathola umoya-mpilo owenele ngisho nasemoyeni omncane.
5. INkosi uCharles II, uHabsburg wokugcina esihlalweni sobukhosi saseSpain, wayeyinzalo yemishado eminingi ehlobene kakhulu. Wayengenabo ogogo nokhokho 4, kodwa babili kuphela ngamunye. Ngenxa yobuhlungu, uKarl wathola igama lesidlaliso elithi "Bewitched". Waphila iminyaka engama-39 kuphela, iningi layo ibigula.
6. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ubudlelwano obuseduze abubuhle. Kepha uma abantu ababili abazalwa ngokulala nesihlobo bengena ebudlelwaneni, ingane yabo iyoba nempilo enhle kunabazali. Umphumela ubizwa ngokuthi "i-heterosis" - i-hybrid yamandla.
7. Ubudlelwano obusondelene nabo buyasiza ezinkomeni zohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwaseBelgium. Lolu hlobo lwezinkomo, olunikeza inyama eningi enamafutha, lwatholakala ngengozi - emzimbeni wenye yezinkomo kwashintshwa ufuzo olubhekele ukukhiqizwa kweprotheni evimba ukwanda kwesisindo semisipha. Bakhulisa lolu hlobo ngaphandle kofuzo, futhi bafunda ngokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo kamuva. Ngokomdlandla, kwatholakala ukuthi izinkomo kufanele zihlangane kuphela nezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu.
8. Ithimba lekhonsathi likaMadonna lifaka iqembu elikhethekile labantu umsebenzi wabo okuwukuqeda konke okungaqukatha iDNA yomculi. Leli qembu lihlanza ngokucophelela amakamelo amahhotela, amakamelo okugqoka, izindlu zangaphakathi zezimoto namanye amakamelo lapho uMadonna okungenani ayekhona isikhashana.
9. Ngenxa yokwehluka kofuzo, abaseMpumalanga Asiya bahlupheka kancane kakhulu ngenxa yephunga elibi lomjuluko. Akukhulunywa ngezakhi zofuzo ezahlukahlukene, kepha izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zofuzo olufanayo. Enguqulweni "yaseYurophu", lesi sakhi sinesibopho sokukhiqiza amaprotheni avela kumjuluko. Ama-bacteria adiliza la maprotheni bese enza iphunga elibi. Ama-Asiya awakhiphi amaprotheni ngomjuluko, futhi cishe azikho izinkinga ngephunga.
10. Onke izingulule eziphila eMhlabeni angaba yinzalo yombhangqwana owodwa, asinda ngokuyisimangaliso e-Ice Age. I-DNA yawo wonke ama-cheetah icishe ifane, kuyilapho ezinhlotsheni ezivame kakhulu ukuqondana okungajwayelekile kudlule ama-80%. Yingakho izingulule, naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yabantu, ziyafa.
11. I-chimera ku-genetics iyisidalwa lapho kutholakala khona amaseli ahlukene ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Isibonelo esivamile ukuhlanganiswa kwemibungu emibili ibe munye. Lokhu kungaholela ezifweni ezingejwayelekile, kepha imvamisa i-chimerism ingatholwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okujulile. Ngokuyinhloko, i-American Lydia Fairchild yamangala kakhulu lapho ithola ukuthi, ngokuya nge-DNA test, akayena umama wezingane ezimbili esezikhona nowesithathu okhulelwe. I-Fairchild yayiyi-chimera.
12. Cishe i-8% ye-DNA yomuntu yakhiwe yizinsalela zamagciwane, uma nje etholwe okhokho bethu abakude. Esinye salezi zinsalela sitholakala ku-DNA cishe kwazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi sineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-100 ubudala.
13. Kukhona ufuzo, ukususwa kwalo okungenza umuntu ahlakaniphe ngokwengeziwe. Kutholakale okokuqala kumagundane, inzalo yawo, ngemuva kokususa lesi sakhi sofuzo, yaba nobuhlakani obukhulu. Kamuva, isakhi sofuzo satholakala ku-DNA yomuntu. Kuze kube manje, ilukuluku lesayensi linikela ekwesabeni ukukhipha i-genie ebhodleleni - akwaziwa ukuthi ukuguqulwa komuntu kungaholela kumiphi imiphumela emibi.
14. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, isakhamuzi saseSwitzerland sasingakwazi ukungena eMelika - sasingathathwa iminwe ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwemigqa yamaphepha. Ukuphrinta ngeminwe kuvele kwaba namandla ku-addermatoglyphia - ukungabikho kwezigxivizo zeminwe njengomphumela wokuguquka kofuzo olubabhekele.
15. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lukhombisile ukuthi izintwala zekhanda zashintsha zaba yizintwala zomzimba cishe eminyakeni eyi-170,000 edlule. Lokhu kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi abantu baqala nini ukugqoka izingubo njalo.
