ULev Sergeevich Termen - Umsunguli weSoviet, unjiniyela kagesi nomculi. Umdali we-theremin - insimbi yomculo kagesi.
Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ku-biography kaLev Termen, esizokhuluma ngawo kulesi sihloko.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwakho kune-biography emfushane kaLev Termen.
I-Biography kaLev Termen
U-Lev Theremin wazalwa ngo-Agasti 15 (28), 1896 eSt. Wakhula futhi wakhulela emndenini wommeli odumile uSergei Emilievich nomkakhe u-Yevgenia Antonovna.
Umndeni wakwaTheremin ungowomndeni ohloniphekile onezimpande zaseFrance.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, abazali baye bazama ukugxilisa kuLeo uthando lomculo nesayensi ehlukahlukene. Ngaleso sikhathi ku-biography yakhe, umfana wayefundela ukudlala i-cello.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwakukhona i-laboratory ye-physics efulethini likaTheremins, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana kwavela indawo yokubuka encane endlini.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uLev waqala izifundo zakhe ejimini lendoda yabesilisa, lapho athola khona amamaki aphezulu kuyo yonke imikhakha. Kakade esikoleni samabanga aphansi, wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu kwi-physics. Njengomfundi webanga le-4, wakhombisa kalula "uhlobo lwe-Tesla resonance."
Lapho eneminyaka engu-18, uLev Theremin waphothula esikoleni esiphakeme ngendondo yesiliva.
Ngo-1916, le nsizwa yathweswa iziqu eSt Petersburg Conservatory, ekilasini le-cello. Ngasikhathi sinye wafunda ePetrograd University eMnyangweni Wezemvelo Nezibalo.
Ngonyaka wesibili wokufunda eyunivesithi, uLev wabizelwa inkonzo. I-Revolution ka-Okthoba ka-1917 yamthola ezingeni lesikhulu esiphakeme sebutho lobunjiniyela bogesi.
Ngemuva kwenguquko, uTheremin wabelwa elebhu yomsakazo wamasosha eMoscow.
Umsebenzi weSayensi
Lapho ngineminyaka engu-23, uLev wathatha isikhundla sokuba inhloko ye-Physico-Technical Institute ePetrograd. Wayebandakanyeka ezilinganisweni zegesi engaguquguquki yedizili ekucindezelweni nasezingeni lokushisa elihlukile.
Ngo-1920, kwenzeka isenzakalo esibalulekile ku-biography kaLev Termen, okuzomlethela udumo olukhulu ngokuzayo. Umsunguli osemncane waklama i-Thereminvox, insimbi yomculo kagesi.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, i-theremin nezinye izinto ezisungulwe ku-Lev Sergeevich zanikezwa embukisweni eKremlin.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi lapho uLenin ejwayelana nomgomo wokusebenza kwethuluzi lamandla, wazama ukudlala kulo "uLark" kaGlinka.
U-Lev Theremin ungumbhali wamadivayisi amaningi, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezizenzakalelayo, ama-alamu nohlelo lwethelevishini - "Umbono Ode".
Ngo-1927, usosayensi waseRussia wamenyelwa embukisweni womculo wamazwe omhlaba eJalimane. Ukuphumelela kwakhe kwavusa isithakazelo esikhulu futhi ngokushesha kwamlethela ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke.
Ngemuva kwalokho iTermin yahlaselwa ngokoqobo izimemo zokuyodlala emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu. UTheremin wabizwa ngokuthi "umculo wamagagasi e-etheric", athinta zonke izindawo zesikhala.
Insimbi yamangaza abalaleli ngesigodo sayo, ngasikhathi sinye esifana nomoya, izintambo kanye nemisindo yabantu.
Isikhathi saseMelika
Ngo-1928, uLev Theremin waya eMelika, lapho ngokushesha athola khona amalungelo obunikazi we-theremin nohlelo lwe-alamu yezokuphepha. Wathengisa amalungelo ku-RCA ithuluzi lamandla.
Kamuva, umsunguli wasungula izinkampani zeTeletouch neTheremin Studio, waqasha isakhiwo esinezitezi eziyi-6 esiseNew York. Lokhu kwavumela ukwenziwa kwemishini yokuhweba yaseSoviet e-United States, lapho izikhulu zezobunhloli zaseRussia zazingasebenza khona.
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1931-1938. I-Theremin yathuthukisa ama-alamu ejele le-Sing Sing ne-Alcatraz.
Udumo lobuhlakani baseRussia basakazekela kulo lonke elaseMelika. Osaziwayo abaningi bebemagange ukumazi, okubalwa kubo uCharlie Chaplin no-Albert Einstein. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayejwayelene kakhulu nosozigidigidi uJohn Rockefeller kanye noMongameli wakusasa waseMelika uDwight D. Eisenhower.
Ingcindezelo nomsebenzi weKGB
Ngo-1938 uLev Termen wabuyiselwa emuva e-USSR. Kungakapheli unyaka waboshwa futhi waphoqeleka ukuba avume ukuthi kusolwa ukuthi wayebandakanyeka ekubulaweni kukaSergei Kirov.
Ngenxa yalokho, uTermen wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-8 emakamu ezimayini zegolide. Ekuqaleni, wasebenza eMagadan, enza imisebenzi yomphathi wezokwakha.
Ngokushesha, ingqondo kanye nemibono kaLev Sergeevich yakhanga abaphathi bekamu, abanquma ukuthumela isiboshwa ku-Tupolev design Bureau TsKB-29.
UTheremin usebenze lapha cishe iminyaka eyi-8. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umsizi wakhe kwakunguSergei Korolev uqobo, ozobe eseba ngumsunguli odumile wobuchwepheshe besikhala.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-biographies u-Theremin no-Korolev babesebenza ekwakhiweni kwama-drones alawulwa ngomsakazo.
U-Lev Sergeevich ungumbhali wohlelo olusha lokulahla izindlebe "iBuran", olufunda imininingwane ngokusebenzisa i-infrared ray yokuvevezwa kwengilazi emafasiteleni egumbi lokulalela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, usosayensi wasungula olunye uhlelo lokulahla izindlebe - iZlatoust endovibrator. Ayidingi mandla ngoba ibisuselwa kumthetho wokuphakama kwemvamisa ephezulu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi "uZlatoust" usebenze ngempumelelo kwikhabhinethi yamanxusa aseMelika iminyaka eyi-7. Lo mshini wawufakwe kuphaneli lokhuni elilengiswe kolunye lwezindonga zamanxusa.
I-endovirator yatholwa kuphela ngo-1952, ngenkathi abaseMelika iminyaka eminingana bengakwazi ukuthola ukuthi isebenza kanjani.
Ngo-1947, unjiniyela wavuselelwa, kodwa waqhubeka esebenza kumaphrojekthi avaliwe ngaphansi kobuholi be-NKVD.
Eminye iminyaka
Ngesikhathi se-biography ka-1964-1967. U-Lev Termen wasebenza elabhoratri ye-Moscow Conservatory, esungula amathuluzi amasha kagesi.
Ngesinye isikhathi, umgxeki womculo waseMelika uHarold Schonberg, owafika endaweni yokulondolozwa kwemvelo, wabona uTheremin lapho.
Lapho efika e-United States, umgxeki watshela abezindaba ngomhlangano nomsunguli waseRussia owayephethe isikhundla esiphakathi. Ngokushesha lezi zindaba zavela emakhasini e-New York Times, okwadala isivunguvungu sentukuthelo phakathi kobuholi baseSoviet.
Ngenxa yalokho, isitudiyo sesosayensi savalwa, futhi wonke amathuluzi akhe abhujiswa ngosizo lwezimbazo.
Ngezindleko zemizamo emikhulu, u-Theremin wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi elabhorethri eMoscow State University. Lapho wanikeza izinkulumo, futhi wakhombisa nomdlalo wakhe we-theremin ezilalelini.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uLeva Sergeevich waqhubeka nokwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi ngasese.
Ngo-Mashi 1991, usosayensi oneminyaka engu-95 ubudala wamemezela isifiso sakhe sokujoyina i-CPSU. Uchaze lokhu ngamagama alandelayo: "Ngithembise uLenin."
Ngonyaka olandelayo, iqembu labahlaseli labhubhisa i-laboratory kaTheremin, lachitha wonke amathuluzi akhe futhi lantshontsha ingxenye yamapulani. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amaphoyisa awakaze akwazi ukulandelela izigebengu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Unkosikazi wokuqala kaTheremin kwakuyintombazane okuthiwa u-Ekaterina Konstantinovna. Kulo mshado, lo mbhangqwana awuzange ube nezingane.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uLev Sergeevich washada noLavinia Williams, owayesebenza njengomdansi ku-ballet ye-Negro. Kule nyunyana akuzange kuzalwe ngisho ingane eyodwa.
Unkosikazi wesithathu womsunguli kwakunguMaria Gushchina, owazala umyeni wakhe amantombazane amabili - uNatalia no-Elena.
Ukufa
ULeva Sergeevich Termen ushone ngoNovemba 3, 1993 eneminyaka engama-97. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, wahlala enomfutho futhi waze wenza ihlaya ngokuthi wayengafi.
Ukufakazela lokhu, usosayensi uphakamise ukuthi afunde isibongo sakhe ngenye indlela: "U-Theremin akafi."
Isithombe ngu-Lev Termen
